Enlightenment course of network bridge

This is a new topic, which is designed for network bridge teaching, because the communication in teaching is much more difficult and the effect is worse than in reality.

Open the article to be explained in the computer and be ready to copy it into what you want to say at any time. It should be noted that the symbols of playing cards will change when they are copied to the voice bar of the network. In order to prevent this phenomenon, you can send an email to students in advance (put the text in Word format in the attachment), let them open it during teaching, and let them watch a paragraph at an appropriate time.

Step 1: Common sense explanation (1)

The explanation of common sense can be done in the card room where no one plays cards, so as not to be disturbed by the outside world. )

Bridge is played by four people, a deck of playing cards (not including the king and the king), and each person gives thirteen cards. Your partner sits opposite, and you play with another pair of partners.

When playing cards, everyone should play one card at a time in order. Four people take turns playing a card to become a "pier". Please keep in mind the concept of pier. Pier is an important term in bridge, which is obviously different from other card games (it is not an exaggeration to say that it is a symbol of bridge).

The trump card (also called "trump card" or "main card") is bigger than other cards with different colors when playing cards, and its nature is basically the same as that of the upgraded main card (or tractor).

Follow the card. Everyone should press the suit of the first card in this pier, and then follow the cards of the same suit.

"Playing cards" In a pile of cards, the first card played is called "playing cards". Whoever wins a trick has the right to play the next trick.

Win the dock. The card of the same suit is AKQJ 1098765432. In a pile of cards, big cards can win this pile.

Can eat. When there is no card of the same suit in hand, the card will be called "eat", which is the same as the hand in the upgrade (or tractor).

"pad" When there are no cards of the same suit in hand, playing other cards is not called "padding" You can't win a trick by padding cards.

Step 2: Go to the card room to watch the scene of the bridge game and explain it.

Watching others play one or two decks of cards in the card room is to let students have a deeper perceptual knowledge. At this time, they will see the tender and ask what the tender is about. The explanation of the bidding process is: "That is bidding. Bidding is to determine the task of playing cards, who is the dealer and what suit is the main card (or main card). The specific content will be explained in the next step. " Don't answer too much, and don't look too long. Let them know that there is a bidding process to achieve their goals. Playing cards requires a clear understanding of the actual operation process of playing cards. Explain "banker", "open hand" and "open hand showdown" at an appropriate time, and also explain the current contract and current gain and loss figures of this deck. Tell them who the banker is (the banker and his contract are shown somewhere).

Consider using a commentary like this:

The rotation direction of the bridge is clockwise. The first card of the whole deck is dealt by the dealer's left house (the next house). Here the banker is north (note that it is interpreted according to the actual banker's direction), and his left is east. What to play in the first card is up to the parties. After the first card is played, the dealer's partner (Nan) shows his card to the other three people, which is called "bright card". After showing his cards, he has nothing to do until the end of this deck. When playing cards, winning numbers's cards are played by the dealer. In the process of playing cards, a person's cards are bright, so each player can see his two hands, and the dealer can also see his own and his companions' cards. He will instruct these two hands how to play. Defenders can't see their partners' cards and can't order them to play. He can only see his next (or last) card and use it as a reference to play his own cards.

Teachers should not try to explain clearly how to bid before asking students to play cards. This has been proved by my theoretical argumentation and countless practices, and the effect is not good. Teachers and students are very hard. The main purpose of the second step is to let them see clearly some rules in the process of playing cards (such as "padding cards" and "eating" mentioned above).

Step 3: Common Sense Interpretation (2)

Common sense explanation is chosen in the card room where no one plays cards.

Bridge can be divided into three stages according to its process: bidding, playing cards and counting.

Bidding-playing cards-scoring.

Each deck of cards first goes through the bidding stage to determine what contract to play in the playing stage (this is a bridge term that represents the task in the playing stage and what color the deck will use as a card), and then begins to play cards. We just saw the tender. Now let's explain what bidding is all about.

Bidding is to book a stage task, which can be 1, 2, 3NT, 4, 6 and so on.

Bidding is a special feature that distinguishes it from other card games. 1 (pronounced square, 2? Read as two hearts, etc. If these things are tasks in the stage of playing cards, they are all called contracts (hence the name contract bridge). The bidding process is the process of signing a contract.

Playing cards is to test whether the contract can be completed. You can get extra points if you finish, and you can be fined if you don't finish. In the stage of playing cards, the dealer should try his best to complete the task set in the bidding stage (that is, make an appointment); The defender should try every means to prevent the dealer from completing the contract in order to score points for himself.

After the process of playing cards, count the number of piers won by the dealer. If the dealer wins this trick,

Quantity = 6+ contracted quantity,

Then it means that the dealer has completed the reservation and can score points. Whether the contract is completed or not, the results should be recorded, and then enter the grading stage. In network bridge, the computer records which side won how many piers, and the result is also recorded by the computer, which is different from the real game.

Scoring is to score one party according to the result of playing cards (obviously different from other card games, you can't count points before playing cards). Those who complete the contract can get extra points, and those who fail to complete the contract will get less points (be fined). The scoring of network bridge is done by computer, but in the actual game, the scoring is done by players.

The bidding process consists of a specific "bidding", which consists of players "calling" a special word in public. Some of these special words mean to appoint the main card, some mean to appoint someone else or not to make a statement, and some mean to count more points. As mentioned earlier, the bidding stage is to make a contract for the broadcast stage, so the bidding process is usually a process of "calling the contract name". For example, someone shouts "1" during the bidding process (this "1" is a special word) to indicate an appointment? Take the lead and prepare to take the seven piers. If the other three people "pass" the called "1", then the playing stage will be dominant. Therefore, the bidding of this part of the contract name means "appointing the main card". If people who have never been in contact with bridge can upgrade, bidding can be temporarily understood as "calling the main card" (this metaphor is not exact), similar to determining the main card (or tractor) in upgrading.

The bidding of contract bridge has three characteristics:

1. Players "bid" a special word in public to form a specific bid. The special words for bidding are:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1NT 2NT 3NT 4NT 5NT 6NT 7NT

"Pass" "double (Dbl)" "double again (Redbl)" "

("NT" is short for "no general [or no master]". No general [or no owner] means that no one can play cards [or the main card] in the process of playing cards, and there is no "will eat [or shoot]")

* * * Thirty-eight, they are called "bidding", and the action (or behavior) of calling out these bidding products is called "bidding". Only a limited number of thirty-eight items can be used for bidding, and no other words or languages can be used.

2. Take turns bidding, and everyone has a chance to bid. Due to this provision, under normal circumstances, everyone has the right to designate a master card (or a ownerless card). Moreover, when you ordered the contracted goods (equivalent to calling the Lord), you also replaced the contracted goods ordered by others in front, which is equivalent to denying the appointment of others. When playing bridge online, when you want to "call" a contract, you should first order a number and then order a suit (or nt).

3. Bidding can only "call out" special words. If you want to appoint the main card, you must call out the contract name. Therefore, although the contract can play the role of appointing the main card, it also has to undertake the task of taking a few moves. For example, if you play 2, you promise to win Barton Card. Once the other three people "pass", the heavy responsibility of Bartonka will fall on your shoulders. This virtually greatly limits the random bidding, because when the called contract is not completed, it will be fined.

Bidding starts from the dealer, that is, the Zhuang family bids first, and then bids one by one clockwise. Before bidding, the Zhuang family dealt cards first (the dealer took turns), the first card was sent to the left family, the second card was sent to the companion, the third card was sent to the right family, and the fourth card was sent to himself. This cycle is repeated until it is completed. Each person will be dealt thirteen cards, and then enter the bidding stage. In the bridge, authorization is done by the computer, and the authorization process is invisible.

You can't scream first Everyone can "bid" the main card, or "bid" the main card when it is their turn to bid; If you don't object to other people's opinions and don't intend to designate your own master card, you must call it "Tong" (transliteration "Pais", which means "Tong", also known as "No Call"). In the bridge, calling "Pass" means clicking the button marked "Pass" with the mouse.

Dealers have the priority to open the call (the first call is called "open the call"). If the dealer calls through, the right to open the phone is automatically given to the next dealer. Suppose someone has the right to make a phone call and he holds it.

K4 (c)KQJ 1076 ◇K53 63、

If you want to make sure that (c) is the main card, you must call out (c) as much as possible. At this time, the lowest can be called "1(c)" and the highest can be called "7(c)", and the rules also allow it to be called "2(c)" and "3(c)". ... or "6(c)" if you like. The number of the contract has nothing to do with whether the card in hand has this number. For example, someone named 2(c) may or may not have a card (c)2 in his hand, because 2(c) is a contract item and (c)2 is a card, and there is no necessary connection between them. Obviously, the more contracted goods are called, the heavier the task of playing cards. Therefore, the first-order contract is usually called, so that the task of playing cards is not heavy, and it is also conducive to listening to the opinions of peers and observing the enemy's movements so as to take more correct actions in the future.

Although everyone has the right to appoint a master card, there are conditions:

1. If there is no reservation in front, you can call anything. In other words, the caller (the first person to call a contract order) can call any contract order. For example, when you have the right to call, please keep

AKJ 106 (c)QJ3 ◇32 K83，

Whether it's 1, 1◇, 1(c), 1? , 1NT, which is allowed by the rules (except the agreed card). If you feel energetic, you can also call it 7, 7◇, 7(c), 7? 、7NT .

2. The contract bid called later will replace the previous contract bid. In other words, if you want to deny the appointment of others, you must also conclude a contract to meet the requirements of "exceeding". There are two kinds of "exceeding": ① Numbers exceeding; ② When the numbers are the same, the level exceeds. The level of ownerless and color is from big to small.

NT？ (c)χ

For example, someone else has already called 1(c), and you take it.

AK 542(c)842◎————kqj 108，

If you want to be sure? How much is the main card? . ? The grade of "1" is higher than (c). Meet the conditions of exceeding; If you feel happy, call 6? Not bad, as for whether it can be completed, it is your own business; Maybe you are willing to call the main card, so you must call as many as you want. (c) If it is higher than "2", you must at least call it "2" to meet the above conditions. Maybe you suddenly have an impulse to take ◇ as the main card, then you must call "2◇" to meet the minimum transcendence condition. In online bridge, the "surpassing" of bidding is controlled by the program, so players will not violate the rules when playing cards, which is a bit different from playing bridge in reality.

Bidding takes turns, which does not mean that everyone has the obligation to deny the appointment of others. According to the rules, whether to deny the appointment of others is the bidder's own business. When he does not deny the appointment of others, he must be called Pass. Bid when bidding, shout out when it's your turn to bid, and don't express satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the bidding process the rest of the time; Whether you get a good card or a bad card, you can't express it in words or expressions, and any hint will be punished.

Bidding will not go on indefinitely. After a contract is called out, once it has been closed three times in a row, the bidding is over and the last contract is recognized, which becomes a contract in the playing stage. If there are four levels at the beginning, the deck ends, and both sides have a basic score of 0, so play another deck.

In order to help beginners understand bidding, the following simulates the bidding process of a card example:

north

J 9 3

K Q J 7 5

K Q 4

K 3

western

7 5 4

9 6 2

Eight seven three

10 7 5

east

A K Q 8 2

A 4

J 6 5

9 8 4

south

10 6

10 8 3

10 9 2

Ah Q J 6 2

She Xi is the banker, and he bids first. It seems that only A can win his cards, and the number of cards of each suit is similar. It doesn't matter what color the main card uses, so he called it "Pass" and gave North the right to call.

After Xi bid, it was North's turn to bid. North has a long set of (C), and it seems that he can take a few tricks, so he is called "1(c)", hoping others will agree to appoint (C) as the main card. After the north call, it is the turn of the east call.

Is there anything better in the East? In a long suit, it seems that he can get a few piles of cards, and he doesn't want to use (c) as the main card, calling out "1?" (the level is above 1(c)), which denies the appointment of the main card of Beiyong Red Heart (that is, 1? Replaced 1(c)), hope to appoint? The wish to become a master card can be realized.

After Dong bid, it was Nan's turn to bid. He has a better long dress, but he doesn't want to use it? Take the lead. Considering that Bei once called 1(c), it is estimated that he can help himself a few times, so he called "2" (the number exceeds 1? ), appoint the main card, while denying the appointment of Dong, that is, 2 replaces 1? .

After Nan bid, it was his turn, but it was still an original intention, called Chuan, which did not deny Nan's appointment or make suggestions.

After Xi bid, it was North's turn. North didn't want to use "2(c)" (the level of the same number exceeded), which denied North's appointment, that is, 2(c) replaced 2. Next, it's Dong's turn to bid.

Although Dong didn't want to use (c) as the main card, he was afraid that he wouldn't get eight piers, so he didn't dare to call 2? , but called tong, does not deny the appointment of the north. Now it's Nan's turn to bid.

Nan heard that Bei called (C) twice. It is estimated that he has a lot of (C), and there are at least eight of his three. There is no need to call "Tong" again. Next, it's Lucy's turn to bid.

After being called Nanguan in the west, it is also called Pass. At this point, the bidding ended after three consecutive passes. 2(c) Become the task of playing cards in the north. The whole bidding process is as follows

Northwest to southeast

First bid/1H 12C

Second bid /2h//

The third round of bidding/

"/"means yes.

"H" is the first letter of the heart.

S is the first letter of spades.

"C" is the first letter of the club of clubs.

(Note that a good player's thinking when playing a game is very different from that simulated above)

The above is just an explanation. In the actual bidding process, a player can only see his own cards, and others can't see them.

Call out the last order and one of them will get the order. However, the banker is not necessarily the last person to call to make an appointment. According to the rules, among the two people who get the contract, the player who first calls out the suit (or has no owner) is the dealer. For example, the following bidding process

Northeast-southwest

/ 1C 1H 1S

2H / / /

The final contract is 2(c). North and South, South is called (C) first, and North is called 2(c) to support South, so South is the banker.

After the dealer confirms, his left home automatically gains the preemptive right. Need to be reminded that the first attack is the first, and the showdown is the last. The order cannot be reversed. That is to say, after the first card arrives on the table, the dealer's partner displays all of himself, arranges four colors in a row in front of him, puts the card (main card) on the right, and then plays according to the dealer's instructions. In online bridge, the showdown is automatic. There is nothing to do after the showdown, and the dealer will play his own and his companions' cards until the end of this deck.

After each trick, each player must darken the cards played, that is, put the cards face down, horizontally or directly in front of him, and can't look at the cards after playing the next trick. If you win this trick here, you should point this card at your partner; If the enemy wins this move, the card goes directly to the enemy (that is, in front of himself). The cards played should be stacked neatly in front of you, so that others can see which pier lost and which pier won, which is convenient for them to check when there are problems in playing cards. You don't have to consider this problem when playing cards on the internet. The cards you play are automatically put away, and the screen will also show how many tricks you won and how many tricks you lost.

On the question of who will be the master of this village, some people are prone to misunderstanding. For example, the following two bidding processes

North, east, south, west, north, east, south, west.

1C 2C 2D 3C / 1H 2NT 3NT

3D / / 4C / / /

/ / /

D is the first letter of a diamond.

The banker of this process on the left is the East, not the North. Finally, this contract is called Xi, which belongs to the East and the West. Bankers should look for it in the East and the West. Although North was the first to be summoned, he did not belong to the East and the West, so he was not a banker. In this process on the right, for the same reason, the banker is west, not south. It can also be understood from the opposite side. If the banker of the left process is the north and the banker of the right process is the south, it means that the enemy can "help" you call the contract to the highest limit, which will lead to no one dare to call (no matter how much you call, I can "help" you call 7 as the enemy), and bridge is meaningless. When playing bridge on the internet, the dealer confirms that it is completed by the program, so players don't have to worry.

How to score (for the time being. In the teaching of network bridge, there is no proper way to talk about grading.

The fourth step is to enter the card room for internship. If the number of students is two, the teacher usually appears as a bystander, so that students can have sufficient internship opportunities and experience the actual feelings.

In the internship process, don't introduce big names, and don't instill any rules on bidding methods, so that students can have whatever they want. In the initial stage, "bridge blindness" needs not technology, but personal experience. Don't give them too many technical constraints. In that case, their interest will be suppressed, which is not conducive to improving their enthusiasm.

With regard to the judgment of card strength, simply explaining "too few big cards", "too many big cards" and "some big cards" will give you a general concept of card strength. It is of little significance to teach big names early. For some people who can't rule out useless information, it will be misleading to teach big names first, just like teaching a person who has never been exposed to table tennis how to be high without ensuring whether he can hit the ball or not.

When evaluating a suit, use "You have X pieces, call once to see if I can support it", "I support your suit to mean at least X pieces" and "You have four pieces of my suit, so you should support me to play this suit, because I have at least four pieces, plus your four pieces, at least eight pieces, and the enemy at 8: 5 has at most five pieces. Call a number of colors as the main card. After the main card is hung, the first mate card is still big. Pay attention to guide them to support their peers at the right time, and there are two sets to shout out for their peers to choose.

In the internship stage, I met an experienced enemy for the first time in the bidding stage. No matter whether it is double technology or double punishment, the explanation is "asking for more points". Don't try to explain more about technology for the first time, which often confuses beginners. The second time when the first-order technology doubled, the commentary said, "No matter which side plays the first-order contract, if you want to score, you must win seven piers." In this case, if you want to score, instead of letting the enemy make a first-order contract, it is better to make a first-order contract on your own side. Therefore, this doubling is to tell your partner that I support you to fight for the contract. "

In the process of explaining the bidding, you don't have to explain the meanings of "double" and "double again" on your own initiative, and you don't have to explain it until the enemy doubles in actual combat. You have to explain it after the deck is over. Double comments are:

Whether the contract is completed or not, the score changes greatly after "doubling". In the sense of rules, "double" and "double again" mean "double score" or "double score". The rules stipulate that "doubling" can only be aimed at the enemy's contract. That is, in the process of bidding, the enemy bids to sign the contract, which we can call "double bidding". You can't call it "double" when your last date was called by your partner. Suppose you hold SAK4 HAK93 ◇KQ6 C654. When the enemy calls 4S, you estimate that this hand can get five piers. If the enemy fails to make the 4S peace treaty come into effect, it can be called "doubling" Once the result of playing cards shows that the enemy has fallen, your score will be much more than that without doubling. Is doubling always beneficial? No, after the double contract is completed, the score will also increase, so if you are not sure, you'd better not ask for double, so as not to give it to the enemy.

The rules stipulate that "double re" can only be aimed at the enemy's double. If there is no "turn over again" in front, you can't call "turn over again"; If the previous pair was called by your partner, it can't be called "double again". The symbols of double recording are two multiplication symbols "××". In the official competition, there are not many times to double again, because a doubling contract is broken and each score is doubled. Usually, when the contractor is more sure to complete the contract, it is called doubling again, which can get a lot of points, sometimes there is a world of difference.

According to the rules, if you pass the customs three times in a row, you will end the bidding, just like after calling the contract. Double and double, like Pass, is not graded, nor does it affect the "exceeding" of the contract tender. For example, if someone doubles 1◇, his next home can still be called1h. They also don't affect the number of playing cards, for example, 3NT×, and you still have to get nine piers to complete it.

Doubling and doubling are relatively easy to teach in reality, but the effect is much worse online. This is also one of the reasons why students are required not to take the initiative to explain the doubling.

In the process of internship, at an appropriate time, simply talk about the principle of winning the big card and winning the long set of piers, and the simple principle of attacking the first big card or attacking the color called by the partner. For example: "When there is a KQ, give it to K, and then Q will get a dune", "When there is a QJ 10, after sending QJ to AK, 10 will get a dune", "If you have a long suit, give it two rounds (or three rounds) and others will play all the cards of this suit, and your small cards of this suit will automatically.

After playing four or five decks of cards, students can skillfully use the buttons in the card room, and the teaching in the enlightenment stage can come to an end.