654381October 25th This year marks the birthday of Zhao Yiman, an anti-Japanese heroine100th anniversary. On the occasion of commemorating the 60th anniversary of China people's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the victory of the world anti-fascist war, it is of far-reaching significance for us to remember the past, blaze new trails and build a harmonious socialist society. (1) Zhao Yiman, formerly known as Li Kuntai, also known as Li Yichao, was born in Baiyangzui Village, Yibin County, Sichuan Province, a feudal landlord family. When Zhao Yiman was a teenager, it was the dawn of the new-democratic revolution in China. New ideas, new fashions, old morals and old ideas were in fierce struggle. 192 1 year, after the establishment of the China * * * production party, Marxism spread rapidly. With the help of party member's eldest brother-in-law and Zheng Youzhi, Zhao Yiman met party member He Juehui and Liu. They often sent revolutionary books and periodicals such as Guide, China Youth and Women's Weekly to Zhao Yiman, which strengthened her will to resist the feudal system and carry out social revolution. 1924, Zhao Yiman was introduced by He Juehui to join the China Socialist Youth League. After joining the League, Zhao Yiman took an active part in the activities of the League and asked to go out to study, which caused dissatisfaction among feudal families. Especially the elder brother who runs the family business, like Rebecca, severely bound her with the feudal ethics of "three obedience and four virtues", which made her lose her freedom. In order to resist the bondage and oppression of feudal ethics, Zhao Yiman wrote an article about 3,000 words, "I was deprived of the right to study by my brother and sister-in-law", which was published in1Women's Weekly on August 6, 924, effectively challenging the feudal family autocracy. After the article was published, it caused great repercussions. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/925, the Youth League branch was established in Baiyangzui Village, with Zhao Yiman as the branch secretary. In order to mobilize women to participate in the revolution, she and the Second Sister Youth League organized the Women's Liberation League, with more than 80 members/kloc-0. Leading women to learn culture, strive for freedom and equality, and carry out the struggle against "three obedience and four virtues", so that the upsurge of women's liberation is constantly rising. Zhao Yiman's revolutionary activities were regarded as outrageous by uncles of feudal families. In order to get rid of the feudal family completely,1February, 926, with the help of the second sister, Zhao Yiman resolutely left and came to Yibin County, which is far from home. In Yibin County Girls' Middle School, Zhao Yiman worked hard to learn cultural knowledge, and at the same time carried out revolutionary propaganda among his classmates, leading them to fight against imperialism and feudalism. Driven by her, the students cut off their braids one after another, and no one tied a bun. Zhao Yiman is smart, lively, optimistic, brave and provocative in Yibin Girls' Middle School, so she is deeply admired by her classmates. When the girls' middle school students' union was reelected, she was elected as a member of the Standing Committee, representing girls' middle school students in Yibin, and was one of the Standing Committee members of the Students' Union. /kloc-in the spring of 0/926, Yibin branch was established, and Zhao Yiman was transformed into party member and China Producers Party. Soon, when the first anniversary of the May 30th tragedy came, Zhao Yiman, despite the obstruction of the school authorities, led his classmates out of the school gate and traveled all over the bustling streets of the city to give anti-imperialist and anti-feudal speeches. On the eve of the Dragon Boat Festival in the same year, a patriotic struggle against "oil hatred" took place in Yibin (in the anti-imperialist struggle, foreign goods such as Japan and Britain were called "oil hatred" and kerosene was called "oil hatred"). Zhao Yiman is one of the leaders in this struggle. As Zhao Yiman and others took an active part in the anti-imperialist and patriotic struggle, student movements surged, which made the school very afraid. In mid-July, 1926, Zhao Yiman and other student representatives were expelled from the school on charges of arrogance. The news of Zhao Yiman's dismissal aroused the indignation of all the students, and the students formed a "drop-out group" to show their resistance to the persecution of patriotic students by the reactionary authorities. At this time, the Northern Expedition won successively, and the torrent of the Great Revolution surged forward. The Kuomintang County Party Department, which cooperated with China, was publicly established in Yibin and founded Zhongshan Middle School. Zhao Yiman entered Zhongshan Middle School with other students who dropped out of school. Soon, in order to further cultivate Zhao Yiman, the party organization decided to send her to Wuhan Branch of the Central Military and Political School. Zhao Yiman was incorporated into the women's team of Wuhan Branch of the Central Military and Political School. As a result, intense political study and military training life began. 1927 In April, Chiang Kai-shek launched a counter-revolutionary coup. In May, Xia Douyin launched a rebellion in Hubei. At this time, regardless of his lung disease in the hospital, Zhao Yiman walked out of the ward and went to the battlefield to take part in the fight against the rebels and defend Wuhan. In July, Wang Jingwei defected. At this point, Han Ning merged and the vigorous Great Revolution failed. In this situation, the organization arranged for her to move to Shanghai, and in September of the same year, she was sent to study at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, the Soviet Union. At Sun Yat-sen University, Zhao Yiman cherished this learning opportunity. She actively overcame the difficulties of low academic qualifications, studied Marxism-Leninism theory and worked hard to learn Russian. 1928 In April, she married her classmate Chen Dabang. At the end of the same year, the organization decided to let her return to China to accept a new task. At that time, Zhao Yiman was pregnant, and according to her special circumstances, she could ask the organization not to return to China for the time being. Chen Dabang also said to her: "After giving birth, we will go back together." However, Zhao Yiman disagreed. She said: "Obeying the party's decision, children can return to China to live, preferring their own difficulties and obeying distribution." Show her strong party spirit. After returning home, Zhao Yiman worked in the secret work of the Party in Yichang, Hubei. Later, he was transferred to Nanchang and worked in Jiangxi Provincial Committee. 1929165438+10. In October, the provincial party committee was destroyed because of the traitor's informer. Zhao Yiman narrowly escaped death. At this time, Nanchang was in white terror. However, in order to organize the rescue of the arrested comrades as soon as possible, Zhao Yiman ignored his personal safety, carried his children and begged for food along the way, and came to Shanghai to report the matter to the central authorities in time. Zhao Yiman entrusted the children to her husband's younger sister, Mrs Ren, and sent them to the Chen family in Hunan to raise them, so that her work would not be affected by taking care of the children. Since then, she has been working in the central government. She attended the National Soviet Congress held by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in Shanghai. 2. 193 1 September 18th Incident broke out, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a declaration, exposing the aggression crime of Japanese imperialism and calling on the northeast people to resist the invaders. At the same time, a large number of cadres were sent to the northeast to organize and lead the anti-Japanese struggle. Zhao Yiman is one of them. 1June, 932, after Zhao Yiman arrived in the northeast, he first carried out the underground work of the Party in Shenyang. Later, he came to Harbin and served as the organization minister of the preparatory office of Manzhouli Federation of Trade Unions and the party secretary of Harbin Federation of Trade Unions. In order to facilitate the secret work, according to the organizational arrangement, she decided to marry Lao Cao (Huang Weixin), secretary of the Provincial Federation of Trade Unions. In Harbin, appointed by the organization, she once taught revolutionary youth political theory and educated them to keep revolutionary theory in mind and put it into revolutionary action. She once executed a fake policeman who came to investigate with her comrades at a meeting in Sun Island. She often goes to the old Baduo Tobacco Factory, the 36-shed locomotive and rolling stock factory and the tram factory to carry out anti-Japanese propaganda and develop trade union members. On April 2 1933, she and Lao Cao led the famous Harbin tram workers' strike together. Under the guidance of Zhao Yiman, the strike committee published a letter to the citizens, and posted a large number of leaflets, slogans and posters in the urban areas, calling on the citizens to support the strike workers' struggle. Tram workers went on strike for two days, and the traffic in the city was interrupted, which had a great impact. Under the resolute struggle of the striking workers, the Japanese and puppet authorities had to agree to the conditions for returning to work put forward by the striking workers, and the strike won. In order to guide the anti-Japanese armed work, Zhao Yiman visited Helen County twice and participated in the struggle of Helen guerrillas. After arriving in Northeast China, Zhao Yiman often forgot to eat and sleep, and worked hard to expel the Japanese invaders and recover the motherland. She used poetry to express her ambition and her thoughts and feelings of serving the country and joining the revolution. She wrote in a poem entitled "Expressing My Feelings by the River": Swear for the country, not for home, and cross the river all over the world. Are all men good? Why are women so bad? I don't cherish my head and my new motherland. I am willing to be passionate about China. Baishan Blackwater can wipe out the enemy and smile at the red flag. 1in April, 934, the local party organization in Harbin was destroyed, and Lao Cao, secretary of Manzhouli Federation of Trade Unions, was arrested and sacrificed. Zhao Yiman was in a very dangerous situation. Soon, according to the decision of the Party organization, she left Harbin to work in the anti-Japanese guerrilla base in Hezhu County (now shangzhi city), where she served as the Commissioner of Hezhu Central County. At first, she worked for women in the south area of Hezhu Railway. In order to mobilize women, Zhao Yiman went deep into women. During the day, she worked with women and taught to sing revolutionary songs; Organize a women's meeting in the evening, and she will tell them the truth of resisting Japan, saving the country and liberating women. Under the leadership of Zhao Yiman, women were mobilized to attend women's conferences. He Zhu's women's club is very active. They helped the guerrillas fetch water and cook, sewed and washed clothes for them, and made uniforms, shoes and bullet belts. They are also responsible for nursing the wounded, promoting War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and delivering letters. In the anti-Japanese struggle, Zhao Yiman paid special attention to the construction of mass anti-Japanese armed forces. Together with the comrades of the county party Committee, she established more than a dozen fairly formal mass anti-Japanese armed forces in the Hezhu anti-Japanese base area. In the base areas, there are not only full-time peasant anti-Japanese self-defense forces, but also full-time peasant anti-Japanese armed "model teams" and "young volunteers". Their task is to defend the local area, eliminate traitors and lackeys in base areas and guerrilla areas, cooperate with the guerrillas in fighting, and send people to the anti-Japanese troops to supplement the main force. In the autumn of the same year, the "Yellow Cannon" team who had participated in the anti-Japanese Coalition army defected. After they fled to the base area, they were strongly resisted by the anti-Japanese armed forces of farmers in Houlin Township and suffered a heavy blow. In late September, 1934, Zhao Yiman led the local peasant armed forces to move near Yinbei River in Wuchang County, not far from the base area. The Japanese invaders set up a secret bacteria factory here to experiment with living people. At that time, just a dozen people who were swollen and bloodless escaped from the enemy's clutches. When the enemy was chasing, Zhao Yiman led the team to rush up and shot at the enemy for a while. After that, these dozens of people who were devastated by the Japanese invaders were carried back to the rear hospital. In the rear hospital, Zhao Yiman brought them food and medicine every day to know the situation. After their recovery, they held a mass meeting, accusing the Japanese invaders of using living people for bacterial tests and massacring the people of China. This incident greatly educated the people in the base areas and aroused their great indignation against the Japanese aggressors. In the anti-Japanese struggle, Zhao Yiman was famous for his wit and courage. At that time, farmers were short of guns, and underground workers got a batch of guns and ammunition in the county, but the city gate was heavily guarded and could not be transported. At this moment, Zhao Yiman came up with an idea. She and a female soldier wrapped the guns and ammunition in oil paper and put them on a horse-drawn dung cart, which was driven to the gate by the owner. The Japanese Puppet Army guarding the city gate looks like a cart pulling dung at first sight. It stinks, so they quickly waved it away. In this way, a batch of weapons were shipped out from the county seat. Afterwards, everyone admired Zhao Yiman's wit and courage. (3)193465438+February, a large number of Japanese puppet troops launched a winter "crusade" against Hezhu's anti-Japanese guerrilla base. Because of the traitor Wu Mou's informer, the enemy mainly searched the Sifang Dingzi and Weitanggou areas where the hospital behind our hospital was located. At that time, Zhao Yiman had a sore on his neck and was in the rear hospital. Unfortunately, he was captured by the enemy. During his detention, Zhao Yiman conducted effective anti-Japanese propaganda for the puppet army company commander. She said, "You should think that you are from China, and we are fighting each other on the battlefield, but you can't kill unarmed China compatriots. You can kill me, but I will never die at the hands of the Japanese. " The company commander of the puppet army was deeply moved by his righteous words, which inspired his national consciousness and finally released Zhao Yiman. 1in February, 935, Zhao Yiman was appointed as the Party Secretary of the North Area of Hezhu Railway. She continued to engage in the party's local work in guerrilla base areas, and supported and cooperated with the Third Army of Northeast People's Revolutionary Army (expanded from Hadong detachment) to carry out the anti-Japanese guerrilla war. The existence and development of Hezhu guerrilla base area poses a great threat to Japanese and puppet rule. 1935 in July and August, the enemy mobilized a large number of Japanese puppet troops to attack Hezhu guerrilla base again and carried out an unprecedented "big crusade" against the Japanese people. Under this circumstance, the county committee of Hezhu Center held a meeting on September 10, and made a resolution on the current political situation and our task in Hadong. It was decided that Zhao Shangzhi, the main force of the third army, would leave Hezhu to open up new guerrilla zones in Tangyuan and other places in the lower reaches of Songhua River, and at the same time, leave one to fight in Hezhu guerrilla base. Accordingly, most of the second regiment of the third army went to Tangyuan with the main force, and the rest absorbed He Zhu's model team in the fifth district and young volunteers to form a new second regiment to stay in guerrilla base areas. With Wang Hui as the head and Zhao Yiman as the director of the Political Department. In the struggle against "crusade", Zhao Yiman and Wang Huitong led the New Second Regiment to wage many bloody battles with the enemy in Hezhu guerrilla base area. It was getting colder and colder at that time, and the soldiers were wearing thin clothes. They often camp against the enemy, effectively coordinating the activities of the main force of the Third Army led by Zhao Shangzhi. For Zhao Yiman's anti-Japanese activities, the Japanese puppet newspapers once reported that "the female bandit leader ran through the dense forest in red and white horses". 1935165438+1October 15. The New Second Regiment was surrounded by Japanese puppet troops when it was moving along the North Chunqiuling Railway. In the fierce battle, although several people were killed in our army, such as Gu, the captain of the Japanese Hengshan Army machine gun team, they also suffered heavy losses. Wang Huitong, the captain of the team, was injured, captured and later killed. Zhao Yiman's left wrist was pierced by an enemy bullet. Many soldiers died and the team was scattered by the enemy. After that, Zhao Yiman and four others moved to an empty house in Northwest Gully to recuperate, ready to look for the lost team again. 165438+1October 22nd, due to the traitor's informer, Zhu Tailang, the chief instructor of He Zhu Puppet Police Force, and Zhang Fuxing, the squadron leader of Puppet Police Force, led the 3rd Squadron to surround the house where Zhao Yiman lived. In the battle, two comrades-in-arms died and Zhao Yiman was seriously injured in his left leg. When the bullets ran out, no way back, Zhao Yiman and others were captured. Zhao Yiman and others were taken back to the county compound. After He Zhu pretended to be the chief of the special agent of the Binjiang Provincial Police Department, Nuotaiji saw that she was bleeding too much and was afraid that she would not get a confession when she died. She was immediately interrogated. During the trial, Xiao Ye brutally whipped her, poked her wound with a whip, and forced her to admit that she was party member, and described the situation of Zhao Shangzhi troops. At this point, Zhao Yiman just stared at Yoko angrily and kept his mouth shut about the secret of the organization. But when Xiao Ye asked her, "Why anti-Japanese activities?" At this time, Zhao Yiman suddenly opened the chatterbox and replied sternly: "I'm from China. Do China people still need to explain their resistance to Japanese aggression? " Then, she fully exposed and severely accused the deceptive propaganda such as "Japan-Manchuria Goodwill" and "King's Paradise" and the crimes of the Japanese aggressors. Judging from her strong attitude, the enemy thinks that she is "the central guide who has firmly organized more than 30 thousand farmers with the Pearl River as the center." On the fifth day, Zhao Yiman was personally monitored by Taiji Ohno, took a train from He Zhu, was escorted to Harbin, and was held in the police detention center of the pseudo-Binjiang Provincial Office. After that, Xiao Ye interrogated Zhao Yiman, who was seriously injured, for an hour with various kinds of torture almost every day. But no matter whether the enemy is tempted to soften or threatened with death, she can't shake her strong revolutionary will. She replied to the enemy: "My doctrine is anti-Japanese, just as your duty is to destroy the anti-Japanese association and arrest us." I have my purpose, to carry out the anti-Qing anti-Japanese movement and publicize its teachings. This is my purpose, my teachings and my beliefs. " More than ten days later, Zhao Yiman's leg wound has festered and his condition is critical. At this time, Xiao Ye and other enemies still refused to give up and decided to treat her, imagining that after treatment, "they would be treated as' special agents' to destroy anti-Japanese organizations." 65438+February 65438+March Zhao Yiman was sent to Harbin Municipal Hospital (now the old building of the inpatient department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University). After admission, X-ray photography showed a comminuted fracture of his left thigh with more than 20 broken bones in the soft tissue. In order to save her life, the enemy decided to amputate her. But it was categorically opposed by Zhao Yiman. Later, under the careful treatment of Zhang, a surgeon in the city hospital, Zhao Yiman's injury gradually improved. After about three or four months, she was able to walk with crutches. 1March, 936, Zhao Yiman moved from the first ward to the sixth ward (the second floor of Yiman Street next to the current Medical University). And sent police officer Dong Xianxun and nurse Han Yongyi to monitor and take care of her. Both Dong Xianxun and Han Yongyi are patriotic youths with strong national consciousness. Zhao Yiman often tells them about the heroic struggle between the Northeast People's Revolutionary Army led by the Party and the Japanese invaders, and how revolutionary their life in Binxian, Hezhu and Yanshou is. She wrote about all kinds of brutal crimes committed by the Japanese aggressors. It is the sacred mission of every China person to expel the Japanese aggressors and overthrow Manchukuo, so that they can see it. After Zhao Yiman's education, both Dong Xianxun and Han Yongyi expressed their desire to fight against the Qing Dynasty and resist Japan, help Zhao Yiman escape, and go to Hadong Anti-Japanese Base Area together. At the beginning of June, news came from the pseudo-police department that a group of pseudo-police would be mobilized. In order to gain the initiative, on June 24th, Zhao Yiman called Dong and Han for a meeting and decided to flee on June 28th. June 28th is Sunday. Dong Xianxun and Han Yongyi took advantage of the hospital's public holiday, and the guards were lax. At 9 o'clock that night, Zhao Yiman was carried into the car from the back door of the sixth ward. Then drive along the mountain road in the direction of Taiping Bridge. After arriving at the slaughterhouse near the Confucian Temple, Zhao Yiman got off the bus, sat in a small sedan chair prepared in advance, and was carried by the sedan chair to escape from Harbin. That night, Zhao Yiman, Dong Xianxun and Han Yongyi changed a carriage in the Kim shack and ran to the anti-Japanese guerrilla base area in the third district of Binxian County. On the morning of June 29th, the enemy found that Zhao Yiman had escaped. So the people and vehicles entering and leaving the sixth ward on the 28 th were strictly investigated. So I found the Russian driver. According to his confession, the enemy found the sedan chair shop outside the road, and immediately sent pseudo-police to quickly catch up with the third district of Binxian County. On the morning of June 30th, near Lijiatun, which is only twenty miles away from the guerrilla base, Zhao Yiman and others were pursued by the enemy. After Zhao Yiman was arrested, the enemy put her in Harbin Pseudo-Police Detention Center (now the basement of Northeast Martyrs Memorial Hall). Lin Kuanzhong, the brutal director of the puppet police department, ordered the murderer to double torture Zhao Yiman with gasoline, whips, iron bars and iron bars. But Zhao Yiman remained firm and unwavering. She angrily denounced the spy chief, Lin Kuanzhong, and said, "You robbers can turn the whole village into rubble and chop people into mud, but you can't destroy the belief of the producers." Under the influence of Dong Xianxun and Han Yongyi who were arrested at the same time as Zhao Yiman, they are also very brave and strong. A month later, the enemy could do nothing about Zhao Yiman and decided to put him to death. On August 2nd, Zhao Yiman was escorted by the enemy to Hezhu County where she fought. On the train to Hezhu, Zhao Yiman was very calm. The Archives of the Enemy and Puppet shows: "Although she felt that death was approaching during the escort, she did not show a panic attitude at all, but revealed that it was a glorious tone to die for the anti-Japanese struggle." On the train, Zhao Yiman asked the escorted enemy for a pen and paper and wrote his passionate last words to his beloved son: "Ning Er! Mom, it's a pity that you failed to fulfill your educational responsibility. Because my mother resolutely fought against Manchuria and Japan, today is the eve of sacrifice. Mom and you will never see each other again before they die. Hope you, Ning Er! Be an adult and comfort your underground mother! My dearest child! Mom doesn't have to educate you in a thousand words, but educate you in practice. When you grow up, I hope you don't forget that your mother died for her country! 1August 2, 936, your mother Zhao Yiman was in the car. After Zhao Yiman finished writing, he felt that the rest of the words had not been finished, so he wrote: "After the mother died, my children will continue to struggle instead of her and comfort her in the grave when they grow up." When they arrived at Hezhu River, the enemy put Zhao Yiman on a car to "parade". But she was in high spirits and dying. On that day, Zhao Yiman, who was only 3 1 year old, died heroically outside the small north gate of Hezhu. Before the execution, she raised her handcuffed arms and shouted "Long live the Communist Party of China (CPC)!" "Down with Japanese imperialism! "Wait for the slogan. In this regard, the enemy's data records said: "Its attitude is calm and fearless, which is shocking. "The party and the people have not forgotten this outstanding son and daughter who died heroically for the liberation of the Chinese nation. After the recovery of Northeast China, the local government renamed the mountain road she passed when she fled Harbin from the hospital as a full street in order to commemorate her forever. At the same time, the former Harbin pseudo-police hall where she was tortured was transformed into the Northeast Martyrs Memorial Hall. In order to sing and praise the heroine, President Zhu De wrote an inscription: "The revolutionary hero Zhao Yiman Martyr is immortal! "Guo Moruo wrote a poem for him: there are many heroes in Shu, and there are still traces of good jade in the stone pillars. Zhao Yiman is sung in the four seas today, and the people will always remember this pioneer. Youth for power, game-writing protocol will be popular all over the world. The northeast and southwest rise, and the Pearl River overflows the east wind for hundreds of millions of years. Zhao Yiman, the party's good daughter and loyal national hero against Japan, passed away, but her lofty national integrity, such as lofty aspirations, strong will, indomitable revolutionary character and great national spirit, will always be a bright red banner on the way forward for the people of China. This article was written by the Party History Research Office of the Provincial Party Committee.