He was born in London, England, and his real name is Fu. Defoe later added a prefix that sounded like noble "Germany" in front of his surname, forming the pseudonym Defoe. Defoe's father, James Defoe, engaged in slaughter. His parents are Presbyterians and don't believe in the Anglican Church. Defoe himself received a secondary education in Presbyterian school, but he didn't go to college.
Defoe is the first important novelist in the history of English literature. His life experiences and adventures are no less than the hero in the novel. He came from a small businessman's family and attended a college for unbelievers. He didn't follow his father's wishes to become a priest, but became an underwear dealer and engaged in the wholesale of tobacco, alcohol and wool. He has been to Spain, France, Holland and Italy on business. Although he is successful in business, he is also interested in politics. 1685, he participated in the attempt to put Monmouth Duke on the throne. 1688, he joined the army of William III. Three years later, he went bankrupt in business and was involved in litigation six times in a few years. But soon he made a comeback, running a brick business and dabbling in politics. His pamphlet "Random Talk on Various Plans" (1698) put forward reform opinions in all aspects of social life, such as advocating pension, income tax, insurance relief, and establishing women's colleges. And in the pamphlet, he agreed with the Whigs' mercantilist politics. His political satire "A Native Englishman" (170 1) refuted the criticism that King William was a foreigner, attacked the lineage of the British aristocratic clan, and was a great success, making him an informal consultant on government affairs and other affairs.
By the time he was in his twenties, Defoe was already a decent businessman in London, running underwear, tobacco and alcohol industries and having been to the European continent. 1692 went bankrupt in business and had to make another living. He is a government intelligence officer, designing and developing business. He is also engaged in writing. In his early years, he was famous for writing political essays and satirical poems, opposing feudal autocracy and advocating the development of capitalist industry and commerce. 1698, he published "On Development", suggesting building roads, opening banks, collecting income tax, running fire and water insurance, running a madhouse and running a girls' school. 1702, he satirized the government's religious discrimination policy with irony in his political essay "Shortcuts to Eliminate Paganism". Because of his clever writing, he was not seen through at first. After being discovered, he was arrested and imprisoned for half a year and sentenced to cangue punishment. When he was subjected to flail punishment, he distributed his long poem Ode to Flail Punishment, satirizing the injustice of the law, and onlookers in London regarded him as a hero. From 1704 to 17 13, he presided over Review magazine for Harry, creating public opinion and collecting intelligence. 17 19 Defoe published his first novel Robinson Crusoe (translated by PEP), which was well received by readers. Then, Robinson Crusoe was published. 1720, he wrote Robinson Crusoe. Since then, he has published Captain singleton (1720), Moore Ferlande (1722), Captain Jack (1722), Roxana (1724) and Peter the Great.
Defoe didn't believe in the Anglican Church, which made him support Protestant William III politically. 1702, Defoe published a pamphlet "Shortcuts to Eliminate Different Sects", criticized the Tory authorities for persecuting different sects in a sarcastic tone, and was arrested. After trial, Defoe was sentenced to six months in prison and marched with flail for three days from July 3 1703 to July 3 1. Defoe wrote a poem "Ode to cangue punishment" in prison. This made people regard him as a hero instead of a stone when he marched. They threw flowers at him and drank to his health. Whig leader Robert Whaley admired Defoe's talent very much. Under his intervention, Defoe was released. Harry hopes Defoe can run a magazine and win public support for his Scottish-English joint policy. Defoe founded the French Current Affairs Review in 1704 with Harry's support. Harry fell from power in 1708, and Defoe continued to support his successor, Godolphin, until 17 13.
1765438+In March 2009, Defoe completed Robinson Crusoe, his most famous work, according to some experiences of sailor alexander selkirk and his own ideas, and translated it into Chinese version. The novel tells the story of a sailor who escaped from a shipwreck on a desert island, overcame the sinister natural environment through his wisdom and courage, and was finally rescued and returned to England. This novel is very popular, with four editions published in one year. It is still read by people all over the world. His works are mainly for individuals to overcome difficulties through hard work and relying on their own wisdom and courage. The plot is tortuous, self-reported and readable. And showed the social atmosphere of pursuing adventure and advocating his personal struggle at that time. . Defoe's other major novels include 1720' s Captain singleton and 1722' s Moore Flanders. Defoe also wrote a lot of pamphlets and news reports. 1722 A plague occurred in Marseille, France. Defoe published the Great Epidemic Era, which catered to the public's attention at that time and was very popular.
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