What historical event is the picture on the cover of the book History and Society?
The cover picture under the dam is a sculpture of Nanjing Yuhuatai Martyrs, which is the symbol of Yuhuatai Martyrs Cemetery. Built in 1979, it is10.03m high,14.2m wide and 5.6m thick. It is assembled from 179 granite blocks, with a total weight of about 1300 tons. It was designed by Liu Kaiqu, a famous sculpture artist in China, and created collectively by sculptors from Guangzhou, Shanghai, Beijing, Hangzhou and Nanjing. The theme of the sculpture is prominent, with distinct levels, and the upper part is solid and the lower part is virtual. Characters: workers in chains despise the enemy; A cold-faced intellectual; Farmers with wide eyes; Fearless female cadres in times of crisis; A little newsboy who gritted his teeth and sipped his mouth; Female students trapped in prison and full of hope of victory; The sculpture vividly reproduces the glorious image of nine martyrs who were brave and unyielding before their death. These nine martyrs are representatives of Qian Qian's revolutionary martyrs, not specific martyrs. Why nine people? This is based on China's "9" for many traditional folk customs, which means that the number of martyrs who died in Yuhuatai is very large. Why was this statue built here? Because this is the original site where the northern expedition martyrs died, and it is the place where the revolutionary martyrs sacrificed the most. There are three martyrs' martyrdom sites in Yuhuatai * * *. This is the northern martyrdom site, where most of the martyrs killed in the civil war from 1927 to 1937 are concentrated. East Martyrdom is located at the foot of Donggang Slope, where reactionaries slaughtered producers and revolutionaries on the eve of liberation. The West Martyrs' Office is located on the west side of China and Hong Kong, which is the collective burial place of martyrs. Kuomintang reactionaries killed many martyrs and hastily buried them here. Wind and rain erode, and the years pass. This place was once full of bones and was called "upstairs" by the people. Memorial boards were set up in the martyrdom of the East and the West.