First, the creation of kindergarten environment
Kindergarten environment creation, especially wall decoration and corner layout, is not created by children according to their own wishes, but designed by teachers in advance, and then teachers and children work together to decorate, but in this process, teachers do more and children do less. Because the creation of this environment is based on teachers' ideas and wishes, without considering children's interests, needs and existing development level, the environment loses its educational value of influencing and promoting children's development.
(A), the creation of the spiritual environment
Everyone lives in an extremely broad living space. Various factors in the surrounding reality play a special role in the formation of people's psychological quality. All kinds of things in the objective environment exist objectively regardless of human will, but only when they are felt and experienced can they have an impact on people's psychology and behavior. These environmental factors that have a practical impact on people's psychology, that is, the environmental image reflected in the psychological world and formed in people's minds, are called "psychological environment", which refers to the social living environment that has a practical impact on people's psychology, including all people, things and things that have an impact on people. As a group-based conservation and education institution, kindergarten's psychological environment includes all the spaces where children live, study and play, especially the atmosphere of children's study, activities and life, as well as the interpersonal relationship and atmosphere of kindergarten, which has a subtle influence on children's physical and mental development.
(B) the establishment of peer interaction environment
Group is the foundation of our social life. Each of us lives in a group, and children are no exception. Therefore, establishing a good group of children is an important part of the psychological environment of kindergartens, which can promote the development of children's individual psychology. As a specific social member, children should first belong to the class collective in kindergarten. Therefore, teachers should not only master the laws of children's physical and mental development, but also study the group problems of children, and strive to make the group have a positive impact on the psychology and behavior of each member. Therefore, when teachers begin to build class groups, they should adhere to the educational attitude of positive education and collective education, so that children's individual talents can be fully expressed in the groups and gradually make children feel confident and independent. Teachers should pay attention to guide, encourage and help children to participate in various activities, affirm and praise their enthusiasm and good performance at any time, and stimulate their initiative; If the requirements for children's activities and results are too strict, too much criticism, unfair evaluation, or even sarcastic tone or unreasonable punishment are adopted, it will inevitably dampen children's hearts, make them feel inferior, lose confidence, doubt their ability to cope with the surrounding environment, and feel shy about their own behavior or themselves, thus affecting their physical and mental healthy development.
Second, the importance of kindergarten space environment
Kindergarten covers a different area, and its spatial development is also different. We should first touch every corner: wall, floor, roof, platform, wall railing, wall root, corner, balcony, floor hole, hall, gap between houses, air. These places that may be used should come in handy. For example, in our current kindergarten, the teaching area is a little smaller because the two parks have not merged. Therefore, kindergartens must fully develop their space potential, especially in some small kindergartens, and the useful space is often not fully utilized, which leads to the contradiction between children's activity space and activity demand, which restricts children's all-round development. If some walls are tiled, children can write and draw freely; I think children will have more room for development. We can't fix some designated places, which will limit children's freedom. We can also change the single bed in the dormitory into a bunk bed to make room for activities, or simply remove the bed and replace it with a "wooden platform", make bedding when sleeping, and put it away when not sleeping to make an activity venue. Don't let go of any activity places with room for development, such as fences, railings, and places where climbing plants can be planted. For example, you can hang ornaments between two big trees, and you can also tie a rope to let children "swing" and "cross the cable bridge". In addition, some environments should change from fixed to "dynamic" and from single function to multi-function. This practice creates an interesting world and kindergarten for children.
Three. Principles to be followed in environmental creation
1 We should take the children's emotions as the starting point. The creation of the environment should show the most beautiful picture to children, especially when creating the environment, we should improve its artistry through various means, so that children can live in a world full of natural harmony. Only when they grow up can they know how to love and protect this beautiful world. First of all, let children be in the most beautiful situation, so as to cultivate and stimulate children's beautiful feelings of loving the world and nature.
We should take children's interests as the starting point. Many celebrities have said that interest is the best teacher for children. The first step we have to do is to discover the children's interests, and then start from this aspect. Our teachers can guide children to cultivate, plant plants and feed small animals in the set ecological environment. For example, in the classroom environment layout, children can use various materials to participate in the production and add their own paintings to the environment layout, which can not only stimulate their creative interest, but also enhance their self-confidence. Let children learn by operation and innovate by thinking. The only purpose of doing this is to increase children's self-confidence and make them love every grass and tree in kindergarten.
We should take children's life experiences as the starting point. The design of environmental education should focus on the grass that children are familiar with and the animals that little Banava likes, which will make children feel friendly and achieve the purpose of publicity and education. For example, when designing the theme environment, materials such as calendar paper, old bamboo sticks and cotton are used, and easy-to-understand patterns are used, which are rich in color and attractive. Secondly, the environmental layout should be easy to understand, educational and easy to operate. Therefore, the design should be illustrated with pictures and texts, mainly based on paintings, using various materials, especially waste materials.
Fourth, the book corner created by the environment
Now every class has a reading corner, a mobile book bar and so on. We have given many nice names to the book corner. In order to enrich children's knowledge and broaden their knowledge, we must set up a book corner in each class. But I think our corner is not novel enough. I think I watched a video of an American kindergarten. Some of their classes will use abandoned bathtubs or children's sandbag chairs and inflatable sofas instead of cushions and carpets. Their book corner is worth learning from in American kindergartens. For example, if this week's activities are about insects, then most of the books in the corner are related to insects. There will be beautifully illustrated science books about insects, fairy tales or story books featuring insects, poems and children's songs with insects as the theme in the corner of the book, and usually there will be bookshelves, soft, comfortable, bright and beautiful cushions and carpets suitable for children's height. If our kindergarten can do the same, I think the reading atmosphere is like going to the library. In short, teachers will try their best to use their imagination to create a comfortable and interesting reading environment for children. Creating such a comfortable and interesting reading environment is very important to cultivate children's reading interest, because the comfort and interesting performance of the environment make children feel the endless fun of reading, and can also extend the time for children to continue reading and enhance the interaction between teachers and students. I think we can learn from their teachers. Before the week's activities, we will read aloud a fairy tale book featuring butterflies in the book corner, and help children understand the appearance and life habits of butterflies through beautiful pictures and interesting storylines, and inspire them to expand their imagination about butterflies, so as to better complete the paintings.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) behavior motivation
The construction of the material environment should form an atmosphere that encourages children to make progress. Children's paintings are full of childlike interest and express ideas. We use these children's works to beautify our environment and get unexpected results. Seeing their works displayed, children have increased their interest and confidence in creation, because this is the highest respect and encouragement for them. Although children's development level and performance are different, environmental construction should strive to make every child succeed on his own basis, enjoy the joy of success, and establish self-confidence and enthusiasm. In the works column of the classroom, there are the works of each of our children. If anyone comes to our classroom as a guest, the children will compete to introduce their works to him. They are very proud of each of their paintings and handmade works. The work column is where they show themselves and show their usefulness. How to create a material environment for children, first of all, the construction of the material environment can cultivate children's interest in loving nature, beautifying the environment and protecting the environment. It can also enhance children's understanding of the environment, so we should strive to create a material environment that constantly interacts with children, so that children can truly become the initiative of environmental design. For example, when creating the theme environment of "Beautiful Spring", children can first discover the characteristics of spring by themselves: spring has arrived, flowers have blossomed and leaves have sprouted. In the process of collecting "spring", the children in our small class fully feel what spring is through the use of various senses. I think it's much better for them to find out for themselves than for others to tell him directly. When they come back to the classroom with petals, photos, pictures and other materials, the teacher will guide the children to decorate the environment of "beautiful spring" with these materials. In the process of arrangement, the teacher will let the children discuss their own ideas and arrangements, rather than replacing the children to arrange. In this way, children's initiative is fully exerted. In the whole process of children's personal participation in environmental layout, they not only gain new knowledge through observation, conception and hands-on, but also develop their hands-on ability and creativity. I think, similarly, if summer, autumn and winter come, children can also collect, communicate and decorate the environment. With the changes of the four seasons, the walls of the classroom are constantly "talking" in the hands of children, and children also deeply understand the meaning and characteristics of the four seasons in the layout.
Play its special role
Pay attention to make full use of three-dimensional space.
"The space, facilities, activity materials and routine requirements of kindergartens should be conducive to and trigger and support children's games and various exploration activities, and support the benign interaction between children and the surrounding environment." The creation of kindergarten environment should make full use of indoor and outdoor floors, walls and spaces, provide opportunities and conditions for children to receive all kinds of knowledge or information stimulation as much as possible, and promote the improvement of children's unconscious learning ability. Both indoor and outdoor floors can be painted with colors, numbers and letters.
Seven, respect the user principle
The creation of environment should show respect for the interests, needs and abilities of users-children, teachers and parents. As educators, we should constantly ask ourselves: What kind of environment do children need when creating the environment? Is this environment convenient for children's exploration activities? Under what circumstances can our teacher attend classes more effectively?
Eight. Creation and Follow-up of Theme Environment
(A) the theme wall
Children are the main body of the theme wall layout, and Mr. Chen Heqin also thinks that the layout of the environment should go through children's brains and hands. So when we decorate the theme wall, the teacher first discusses with the teachers and students, then the teacher makes a big background, and then enriches the theme exhibition area through the pictures and symbols collected and created by the children in the activities. According to the theme, a rich theme wall related to the theme is gradually generated.
(2) Indoor and outdoor environment
In order to promote the smooth development of theme activities, teachers need to make reasonable plans for indoor and outdoor places. Therefore, it is not only the core area of theme activities, but also the place where children visit most frequently, which will let children know something about the activities. Therefore, we use the vertical areas and walls of classrooms and corridors to create a preliminary environment.
In a word, children's world should be beautiful. In kindergarten, every landscape and every corner that the eyes come into contact with should be beautiful, so that children can fall in love with every corner of their children, follow the garden-running concept of "love-oriented, morality-oriented", implement the policy of adapting measures to local conditions, teaching students in accordance with their aptitude and people-oriented, give full play to the role of environmental education, and enlighten their hearts and cultivate their sentiments through active and healthy environmental education. To stimulate children's exploration and thirst for knowledge, it is necessary to organize all aspects of educational content comprehensively and reasonably. All activities that permeate daily life are interesting, and give full play to the interaction of environmental means to make the limited activity environment a ladder for children's infinite growth. Our teachers should let the flowers of environmental education bloom in children's hearts.