Zhang Zhidong has a handsome name, called "Zhang Xiangshuai". This is because he is called "Xiang Tao". Zhang Zhidong was originally from Nanpi, Zhili, and was also called "Zhangnanpi" at that time. However, although Zhang Zhidong's ancestral home is Nanpi, Zhili, he was born in Guizhou and spent his childhood and adolescence in Guizhou.
1850, Zhang Zhidong left Guizhou, returned to Nanpi, Zhili, took part in the county test, and was admitted to the scholar with the first place. 1852, Zhang Zhidong took part in the rural examination of Shuntianfu and won the first place. Since then, Zhang Zhidong failed in Sun Shan twice, and didn't pass until 1863, and entered imperial academy with the third place in palace examination.
Zhang Zhidong's first official position in the officialdom of the late Qing Dynasty was edited by the Hanlin Academy. The editing level of the Hanlin Academy is Zhengqipin, just like that of the magistrate of a county. Editorial work of the Hanlin Academy is responsible for drafting imperial edicts and confidential documents. If it is now, it is roughly equivalent to the staff of the Central Office and the Policy Research Office.
Later, Zhang Zhidong became an official in Beijing in 17. What official positions did Zhang Zhidong hold during the period of 17? Let's do it together.
Zhejiang Examiner and Sichuan Examiner Deputy Examiner: This is a temporary position, and there is no corresponding position at present.
Hubei Xuezheng and Sichuan Xuezheng are local cultural and educational administrative officials in Hubei and Sichuan respectively. They are appointed by the imperial court and belong to Beijing officials. Their status is lower than that of the governor, higher than that of the political envoys and provincial judges, and they are roughly equivalent to the current deputy governors in charge of education in Hubei and Sichuan provinces.
Wenyuange proofreading: responsible for collating palace books, equivalent to the curator of the National Library now.
Imperial academy Section: equivalent to the current Deputy Director of the Examination Center of the Ministry of Education.
Master Zhan Zuo Chunfang Zhongyun: This is an auxiliary institution of the Hanlin Academy, and there is no corresponding position at present.
Wash the horse in the economic and trade bureau: this is a transitional post before the promotion of officials, and there is no corresponding post now.
Attendant of the Hanlin Academy: From the five aspects, it is equivalent to the middle-level leaders of the Central Office and the Policy Research Office.
Zuo Chunfang Zuo Shuzi: Zhengwupin, a transitional post before the promotion of Hanlin officials, has no corresponding post now.
Japanese speaker: equivalent to the current professor of the Central Party School.
Bachelor of Cabinet: Since the second grade, he has been a subordinate official of Bachelor of Cabinet, equivalent to the current deputy ministerial leader.
188 1 year, Zhang Zhidong's luck finally turned around and he was released as the governor of Shanxi. This is Zhang Zhidong's first time as a government official.
The governor of Shanxi Province is the highest chief executive of Shanxi Province, with the rank of second class and the assistant minister of the Ministry of War as second class, which is equivalent to the current governor of Shanxi Province.
Zhang Zhidong was governor of Shanxi for three years. After the outbreak of the Sino-French War, Zhang Zhidong was transferred to the post of Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi in 1883.
The governor of Guangdong and Guangxi is in charge of the military and political affairs of Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, and his subordinate weapons department is Shang Shu, which is equivalent to the current governor of Guangdong and Guangxi and the military commanders of the two provinces.
Six years later, Zhang Zhidong was transferred to the governor of Huguang. Governor Huguang governs Hunan and Hubei, which means that Zhang Zhidong is equivalent to the governors of Hunan and Hubei, and is also the commander of the military regions of the two provinces.
Zhang Zhidong served as Governor of Huguang 15 years, during which he did a beautiful thing: he built the Luhan Railway, the longest railway trunk line in China in the late Qing Dynasty. In addition, Zhang Zhidong also founded Hanyang Iron Works, Qiangzi School (predecessor of Wuhan University), Hubei Textile Layout School, Military Equipment School, Agricultural School (predecessor of Huazhong Agricultural University) and Hanyang Arsenal, which laid a solid foundation for the development of modern industry and education in Hubei.
Interestingly, four famous ZTE ministers in the late Qing Dynasty all served as governors of the two rivers, and Zhang Zhidong was no exception. From 1894 to 1896, Zhang Zhidong was the governor of the two rivers. The jurisdiction of the Governor of Liangjiang is Jiangsu, Anhui and Jiangxi provinces, which are equivalent to the governors and military commanders of these three provinces today.
1906, at the age of 70, Zhang Zhidong was transferred back to Beijing from the position of governor of Huguang, and served as a university student and minister of military aircraft in Tijen Pavilion. Tijen Hall University belongs to Zhengyipin, which is equivalent to the current Zhengguoji. The minister of military affairs himself has no rank, but he has great power.