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Tang Junyi is regarded as one of the representatives of Neo-Confucianism, and his core idea is "connecting the nine realms with the heart".
65438+In early February, a seminar on "Tang Junyi's Thought and the Contemporary World" was held in China Academy of Social Sciences. In order to understand Tang Junyi, a relatively unfamiliar overseas neo-Confucian, our reporter interviewed Tang Junyi's disciple Huo. At the same time, Huo also expressed his views on some phenomena of Chinese traditional studies this year.
Beijing News: Compared with the influence and popularity of new Confucianism such as Mou Zongsan on the mainland, people who know Tang Junyi are very limited. What is the reason?
H: The main reason is that the book was published too late. Mr. Tang died almost 30 years ago, and his works were not published in the mainland until last year.
Beijing News: Compared with Mou Zongsan, Xu and other contemporary neo-Confucians, what is the most unique contribution of Tang Junyi?
Huo: Neo-Confucianism has a common mission, that is, to protect China culture and prevent China people from getting lost under the impact of western culture. What Mr. Tang and other neo-Confucianists have done is to restore China people's confidence in China culture, so that they can inherit our tradition.
Mr. Tang and Mr. Mou Zongsan are contemporaries, and both of them and Mr. Xu come from Mr. Xiong Shili's family. But this is only a superficial view. In fact, everyone's training, contribution, development and play in different directions. Both Mr. Tang and Mr. Mou are doing the study of mind and nature, and they are both aware of our inner moral heart.
Mr. Xu pays attention to objective aspects such as politics and society. Mr. Tang and Mr. Mou care about the same problem. They are all concerned about how to respond to western culture, but their answers are quite different. Generally speaking, Mr. Mou is very speculative, rigorous in using concepts and greatly influenced by Kant. He was completely western-style philosophical thinking, so in his later years, he said that he had been fighting for rationality all his life. Mr. Tang emphasized a kind of life compassion, and showed a kind of temperament experience, from which he saw the development of culture and the establishment of philosophical thought. He regards all philosophical thoughts as a kind of sorrow for our existence and life, and cares, thinks and reflects on culture from the heart of life, opening up many different forms of philosophy and different forms of culture.
He pays more attention to the sources of different philosophies and how they came into being, and thinks that reason is just a tool.
Beijing News: Some scholars say that Mr. Tang's core idea is "connecting the heart with the nine realms". If you explain it in a language that the public can understand, what does "the heart is connected with nine realms" mean?
Huo Taohui: "The heart is connected with nine realms" is just a generalization. Mr. Tang looked at how all cultures and philosophies were established from the source, so he didn't put out these different philosophies, cultures, systems and human contributions from the content, but first looked at how all cultures developed from this level, so he started with the activities in our hearts. The first level in the mind is to go out and see the objective world.
After reading the objective world, let's look at the activities of our own mind, that is, the subjective world. Objectivity has three levels: individual, category and cause and effect. The subjective world also has three levels: the relationship between body and mind and time and space, meaning and virtue. In the absolute realm of objective opposition, it is divided into three levels: the view of the divine world (Christianity), the view of the righteous law world (Buddhism) and the world view of life (Confucianism). This is "the heart is connected with nine realms".
Beijing News: You just said that many neo-Confucians have created their own ideological systems to meet the challenges of western culture.
So, do you think Mr. Tang has solved this problem?
H: This problem has existed since the May 4th Movement, and it has been almost 65,438,000 years since it was put forward. I don't say Mr. Tang. Personally, I think it should have surpassed this level long ago.
Beijing News: What has Tang Can's elegance brought to ordinary readers today?
H: Modern society attaches importance to the improvement of science and technology and productivity, which will inevitably bring many problems. The root of these problems lies in people's lack of self-discipline. Western thinking is managed by external means such as laws and systems. This kind of extroverted thinking emerges one after another. In the end, people were tortured badly. We should go beyond this level. Mr. Tang believes that the most important thing is human cultivation.
■ business card
Together with Mou Zongsan, Tang Junyi is known as the representative of the second generation of overseas neo-Confucianism, and has written the Complete Works of Tang Junyi in 30 volumes. 190965438+1October 17 was born in Yibin, Sichuan.
From 65438 to 0974, Tang Junyi, Mou Zongsan, Xu, Wu and others resumed and founded private Xinya College and Xinya Middle School, and served as the dean of Xinya College. 1975 In the autumn, Tang Junyi was invited by Taiwan Province Provincial University as a visiting professor in the Department of Philosophy. 1February 2, 978, Mr. Tang passed away in Kowloon, Hong Kong.
Huo Taohui, Dean of Hong Kong Oriental Humanities College, has taught philosophy and Buddhism at the Chinese University of Hong Kong for more than 20 years. Born in 1940, he became a disciple of Tang Junyi in the 1960s. I went to Japan to study Sanskrit and Buddhism. After Tang Junyi died, he edited 30 volumes of The Complete Works of Tang Junyi.
■ Huo commented on the phenomenon of Chinese studies.
About the fever of Chinese studies
The craze for Chinese studies is a good phenomenon. After all, the word "Chinese studies" has been useless for many years, and 100 years ago was different. When it was first used, its scope might be a bit confusing. In the past, this word was used to cover all subsets of classics and history, but now it should be different-because now is the era of globalization and contemporary academic language is greatly influenced by the West, so we can't avoid many western concepts. If sinology represents China's inherent knowledge or China's tradition, it needs to be changed. This is a problem that experts need to solve. Of course, sinology is not Confucianism, and Confucianism has a very important position in sinology.
On the Selection of the Top Ten Masters of Chinese Studies
Hu Shi and Lu Xun were actually selected as the top ten masters of Chinese studies? This is really a strange thing. Aren't they all against Chinese studies? Liang Qichao published a bibliography of Chinese studies. Someone asked Lu Xun, and Lu Xun said, don't read any thread-bound books. He is the man who cut off Chinese studies.
On the dross and essence of Confucianism
Confucianism cannot be divided into two parts with dross and essence, nor can it be separated with a simple thinking. These are important and those are not. For example, the "three cardinal guides and five permanent members" first said that we should have a grateful heart for our elders and parents. For example, "childhood father" has developed to an extreme state. At first, it was just a mental activity. Parents should be grateful and rewarded for raising their children. In this way, the hearts of both sides will have an interaction and feel each other's thoughts. At this time, "love" came out, which is the knowledge of temperament.
Later, the outline formed a system, and officials and children could not restrain it, so something went wrong.
On Children's Bible Reading
There are two opinions about children reading classics. One thinks that children will naturally benefit when they grow up by reciting classics, and the other thinks that adults should not make choices for their children, but let them make their own decisions when they grow up. I disagree with both attitudes. According to our practical experience, we must read classics in line with children's temperament development, so as to have good results.
About Analects of Confucius
Someone in the mainland is talking about the Analects of Confucius on TV. I also talked about the Analects of Confucius on Phoenix TV. However, I am opposed to using the Analects of Confucius with an instrumental rational attitude. I talked about the Analects of Confucius from the perspective of temperament on Phoenix Satellite TV. Without temperament, it is easy to read the Analects of Confucius.
Other reference materials:
The doctrine of the mean is the essence of Confucianism;
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The essence of Confucianism and humanistic quality education;
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The dross of Confucianism:
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