Fire prevention knowledge 1. Fire is a natural phenomenon.

Taming fire is a friend of human beings, which brings light and warmth to human beings and brings human civilization and social progress. However, if the fire gets out of control and leads to a fire, it will cause great losses to people's lives and property.

2. Many students are curious about fire and often play fire games behind their teachers and parents' backs. Some people burn paper and firewood, pile up waste tires and plastics in the wild, light matches, light candles, play with matchsticks and burn wasps' nests in the dark.

But you know that every one of these games may cause a fire. Don't carry lighters, matches, firecrackers, etc.

If students are found playing with fire, they should stop immediately and report to teachers and parents for criticism and education. 4. The Code of Conduct for Primary and Secondary School Students requires students not to smoke.

However, some students violate the regulations and often hide in corners, toilets and other places to secretly smoke. If they suddenly meet teachers or parents, they will throw away cigarette butts or hide them in cuffs and pockets at will. If an unlit cigarette butt meets something, it is easy to cause a fire. There are red fire buttons on the walls of modern shopping malls, hotels and libraries. Students should never press them at will.

Fire hoses, water guns, buckets, fire extinguishers, shovels, picks, hooks, sandboxes, etc. special for fire fighting shall not be moved at will. 6. The TV should keep a certain distance from the wall to facilitate ventilation and heat dissipation.

Don't drive when there is no one indoors. Turn off the machine and unplug it in time after use. 7. Iron clothes with an electric iron. Put the iron on the firebrick, slate and iron bracket.

Don't turn on the power supply when unattended, and unplug it in time after use. 8. The refrigerator should keep a certain distance from the wall and objects on both sides to facilitate ventilation and heat dissipation.

9. Don't bake clothes, towels, etc. Use light bulbs instead of paper as lampshades. If the paper burns and ignites, it will cause a fire. 10 Don't extend or pull the wires of electrical equipment at will.

In particular, do not pull down wires on furniture and carpets to prevent moving furniture or people from stepping on them and causing short circuits and fires. 1 1. When installing cookers, students should remind parents that cookers should be installed at a certain distance from combustible materials such as beds, paper ceilings and wooden window frames. Brick stoves should be used in rural areas, and firewood should be kept away.

12. Don't put waste paper, shavings and other flammable materials near the stove, and there should be a special person to watch over the baking clothes. 13. After completely extinguishing, take out the slag and pour it in a safe place. Pay special attention not to use red fire to pour slag.

14. When starting a fire, don't use gasoline, kerosene and diesel oil to help, in case they burn violently and cause a fire. 15. juniors should not use liquefied petroleum gas.

Senior students should learn some gas stoves and follow the instructions of adults. 16. When cooking with gas, you should concentrate on guarding and adjust the gas quantity at any time to prevent the soup from overflowing and extinguishing the flame, causing air leakage and danger.

17. Liquefied gas tanks should be used upright, away from fire sources, not upside down, and baked with fire. It is forbidden to cross the gas and pour the residual liquid in the tank for other purposes.

Also remind mom and dad to always check whether the rubber tube and switch of liquefied gas stove are in good condition. 18. If liquefied petroleum gas leaks, turn off the fire immediately and check it carefully, and ask mom and dad to take care of themselves or call the gas station staff to repair it.

19. Campus is a place for learning and learning, with many people and concentration, especially in primary schools. Students are young and have poor self-protection ability. Once a fire breaks out, it will inevitably cause serious consequences. Therefore, we should pay special attention not to bring matches, lighters, firecrackers and other kindling into the campus to prevent campus fires. 20. Some chemicals used in the experimental class are flammable, so the operation must be done according to the teacher's requirements.

Don't make drugs at will, which violates the operating rules. 2 1. During the cleaning, some schools used to pile up and burn leaves and garbage, which not only polluted the environment, but also easily caused fires.

It is sanitary and safe to treat garbage by deep burial, which is worth learning and popularizing. 22. Don't bring matches, lighters, etc. When going out for activities, don't carry any inflammable and explosive articles.

Generally, we don't organize picnics when we go out. It is really necessary. Be sure to choose a seaside or an empty and safe place under the guidance of a teacher or counselor. It should also be noted that picnics should stop in windy weather.

After the picnic, be sure to put out the fire to prevent the "resurgence" from causing forest fires. 24. accompany your parents to the grave, don't burn incense and paper.

Grave-sweeping and offering a bunch of flowers can also pin our grief for our loved ones. In case of fire, students must keep calm and try their best.

At the beginning of a fire, it is usually a small fire point, with a small burning area and less heat generated. At this time, just cover it with sand, dry soil, soaked towels, cotton, sacks, etc. , can put out the initial fire.

26. If the fire is fierce, spreading or likely to spread, don't try to put out the fire. You should escape from the fire immediately and call 1 19 to put out the fire through the fire brigade. When giving an alarm, specify the fire unit, district (county), street, alley, house number or rural address.

Explain what caught fire and how it was burned. Find out the name, telephone number and address of the policeman.

27. After the alarm, arrange people to wait for the fire truck at the intersection and guide the fire truck to the fire section. 28. Some students like to watch fire engines out of curiosity, which is not only harmful to the work of firefighters, but also harmful to the safety of students.

29. Don't call the fire alarm at will. Misreporting a fire alarm is an illegal act that disturbs public order and hinders public safety.

Someone is found lying about the fire alarm, so stop it. 30. In order to protect the legitimate rights and interests and life safety of young people, the state explicitly prohibits schools, government agencies and other social organizations from organizing primary and secondary school students to participate in fire fighting.

2. Fire prevention knowledge

First, the basic concept of fire prevention 1, the formation of fire needs to meet the following three conditions: combustible, air, fire source, no fire can be formed. 2. For fire fighting, suffocation (air isolation) is usually used. There are three kinds: cooling (lowering temperature) and demolition (removing combustible materials). 2. According to China's national standard (CB4968), fire types can be divided into four categories: 1 and ordinary fire (Class A): fires caused by solid substances such as wood, paper, cotton, cloth and plastic. 2. Oil fire (b). Such as gasoline, petroleum, kerosene, etc. 3. Gas fire (Class C): Any fire caused by gas burning and explosion is called gas fire, such as natural gas and gas. 4. Metal fire (Class D): all fires caused by potassium, sodium, magnesium, lithium and substances that prohibit water. 5. Electrical fire: All fires caused by electric leakage and ignition are called electrical fires. There are two kinds of chemical foam and mechanical foam, in which chemical foam is used upside down and has been eliminated, while mechanical foam is used in the same way as powder fire extinguishing agent. Disadvantages: it causes pollution and cannot be used for class C fires. Check once every four months, and change chemicals once a year. 2. Carbon dioxide fire extinguisher is suitable for BC fire. Usage: a) Pull out the safety pin; B) Hold the horn nozzle and the valve knob; C) When the handle is pressed, it will be ejected by internal high pressure. Check every three months, and you will lose two pounds. Disadvantages: users are prone to frostbite. 3. Dry powder fire extinguishers are divided into ABC and BC dry powder, among which ABC fire fighting is applicable. Usage: a) Pull out the safety pin; B) The nozzle faces the flame, and it can be ejected by pressing the valve handle. Check the pressure gauge once every three months (1.2Mpa). 4. Clear water fire extinguisher: It is most suitable for fighting Class A fires, but not for fighting other fires. Tap method: firstly, put the clear water fire extinguisher upright, take off the protective cap, and tap the convex head at the top of the open rod with your palm, and water will be sprayed from the nozzle. 1. Whether the natural gas pipeline is damaged or leaked, the valve should be effectively closed and tightly closed after use. 2. The boiler rooms of commercial restaurants, kitchens and bathrooms require the person in charge of the unit to designate a special person to be responsible for safety inspection and maintenance. 3. The person responsible for fire control during the internal construction of the building shall be designated, and the responsibility and scope shall be defined. 4. Dust and oil stains in the kitchen should be cleaned frequently, and chimneys and fume ventilation pipes should be covered with wire. Don't light it from the window to avoid a fire. 6. Don't throw cigarette butts around and don't smoke in bed. 7. Anyone who illegally manages or uses hidden dangerous goods without permission shall immediately notify the local fire department or public security organ. 8. Parents should not lock their children at home when they go out, so as not to escape in case of fire. 5. Common sense of electricity safety 1. Fuse blowing is a warning of excessive power consumption, and the more it is changed, the more it is not allowed. The wire that caused the fire caught fire. 2. The wires are old and easily damaged, so check and replace them. Don't put electric lights in the wardrobe to bake clothes. 4. Flammable articles shall not be installed in the electric heater or near clothes. 5. The electric water heater should check whether its automatic regulating device is damaged, so as to avoid overheating and fire after explosion. 6. Dry powder fire extinguishers should be provided near the switch of the electrical machine room and distribution station to prevent fire. 6. The smoke contains toxic gases such as fine carbon elements CO and Co:, and the rising speed is 3.0M to 5.0M per second, and the lateral diffusion is 0.5M to1.0m. People who absorb 4% of the smoke will die of shock suffocation within two to three minutes. Most people who die in a fire will die of shock and suffocation by inhaling toxic gases contained in smoke. Seven. Precautions for fire prevention in high-rise buildings: 1, security doors are locked or blocked. 2. The windows of buildings should not be equipped with security bars or billboards to block the way to escape. If equipment is installed, an escape exit should be reserved. 3. The platform on the roof of the high-rise building is a temporary refuge place. Except for the reservoir and the gap observation platform, houses or other equipment cannot be built, so as not to affect the escape. 4. For areas that are short of water or are difficult to be rescued by fire engines, fire-fighting equipment should be equipped or sufficient fire-fighting water should be provided. 8. In case of earthquake, 1 should be used. First, turn off the gas and cut off the power switch. 2. Stay away from windows or furniture with glass. In case of emergency, you can hide under the bed or table and stand on the balcony. 3. Outdoor, looking for open areas, away from vines, telephone poles, arches, etc. In the construction of high-rise buildings. 4. indoors, don't rush out or take the elevator (the elevator may break down or lose power). You should seek your own safety first, and then run away after the earthquake. 5. It will cause the old, weak, women and children to be crushed or trampled to death. 6. If you are in the car, you should immediately brake and turn off the engine, put the car horizontally and quickly hide in a safe place. 9. Fire prevention, fire fighting and escape at home (1): 1. Don't throw cigarette butts. There are many combustibles at home, so we should be especially alert to the fire caused by smoking. Throwing cigarette butts is a bad habit of many smokers. It can destroy a building. "2. Avoid household appliances and wires" working with illness ". Household electrification has become popular. When using heating equipment such as electric stove, electric blanket and electric iron, it is necessary to check before use and maintain after use to avoid fire accidents caused by aging lines, disrepair, or frequent handling and disconnection of power lines. 3. Avoid setting off fireworks and firecrackers at will. 4. avoid accidentally lighting a fire to keep warm. Flammable articles shall not be piled up around the stove; Don't bake clothes in steam pipes and heating equipment to avoid fire accidents. In addition, families can't decorate with combustible materials, so as not to create conditions for the fire to spread. 5. Don't burn rubbish indiscriminately. It is not safe for families to burn their own garbage. You know, garbage contains many inflammable and explosive substances, such as liquefied gas residue, glass bottles, firecrackers, waste liquid lighters and so on. Once burned, it may explode. Flames are flying everywhere. It is also easy to cause fire. 6. Avoid children playing with fire. 7. Avoid gas leakage. When using liquefied gas tanks or gas pipelines at home, you should have good ventilation conditions and check them frequently. If you find a gas leak, don't turn on the light, don't make a phone call, and don't use an open flame. You should open the doors and windows at a uniform speed to ventilate and eliminate the fire hazard. 8. Don't prepare fire-fighting equipment. What you want to say is: "If you are not afraid of 10,000, you are afraid of one thousand. "

3. Little common sense about fire

Fire refers to the disaster caused by burning out of control in time and space. Among all kinds of disasters, fire is one of the most frequent and common major disasters that threaten public safety and social development. Humans can use and control fire, which is an important symbol of the progress of civilization. Therefore, the history of human beings using fire and the history of fighting against fire are accompanied. While using fire, people constantly sum up the law of fire occurrence in order to minimize fire and its harm to human beings. Fire ignited the glory of modern society. As the legend says, fire is a "god" with dual personality. Fire has brought civilization, progress, light and warmth to mankind. However, sometimes it is a friend of human beings, and sometimes it is an enemy of human beings. If the fire gets out of control, it will bring disaster to mankind. As for the fire, in ancient China, people summed up that "prevention first, rescue second, and vigilance second". With the increasing social wealth, the danger of fire is also increasing, and the harmfulness of fire is becoming more and more serious. According to statistics, the average annual fire loss in China in 1970s was less than 250 million yuan, and that in 1980s was less than 320 million yuan. In the 1990s, especially since 1993, the direct property losses caused by fires have risen to more than one billion yuan per year. More than 2000 people die every year. Practice has proved that with the development of society and economy, the importance of fire fighting is becoming more and more prominent. "Preventing fire and reducing the harm of fire" is a general summary of the significance of fire legislation, including two meanings: first, do a good job in fire prevention to prevent fire; Second, the fire can't never happen, but once it happens, it should be put out in time and effectively to reduce the harm of the fire. Fire classification (GB/T 4968-2008-2008, 165438+2008 1 October 4, 20091May) is divided into A, B, C, D, E and combustion characteristics according to the types of combustible materials. This kind of substance usually has the nature of organic matter, and it can generally produce glowing embers when burning, such as wood, coal, cotton, wool, hemp, paper and so on. Class B fire refers to the fire of liquid or meltable solid substances, such as kerosene, diesel oil and crude oil. Fires such as methanol, ethanol, asphalt and paraffin wax. Class C fire refers to gas fires such as gas, natural gas, methane, ethane, propane and hydrogen. Class D fire refers to metal fire, such as potassium, sodium, magnesium, aluminum-magnesium alloy, etc. Class E fire refers to live fire, that is, a fire in which an object burns with electricity. Class F fires refer to cooking objects (such as animal and vegetable oils) in cookers, ammonium phosphate dry powder fire extinguishers and halon fire extinguishers. Foam extinguisher (chemical foam extinguisher is limited to nonpolar solvents), dry powder fire extinguisher, halon fire extinguisher and carbon dioxide fire extinguisher can be selected for Class B fire extinguishing. Dry powder fire extinguisher, halon fire extinguisher and carbon dioxide fire extinguisher can be selected for Class C fire extinguishing. Class d fire extinguishing can choose powder graphite fire extinguisher and special dry powder fire extinguisher. It can also be replaced by dry sand or cast iron powder. Dry powder fire extinguisher, halon fire extinguisher, carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, etc. You can choose to put out the fire at the scene. On-site fires include fires of household appliances, electronic components and electrical equipment (computers, copiers, printers, fax machines, generators, motors, transformers, etc.). ) and the wires and cables were still alive when they burned. However, the fire caused by ceiling, wall-hung daily lighting lamps and equipment that can automatically cut off the power supply after the fire should not be included in the open flame range. Dry powder fire extinguishers can be used for class F fires. The fire level is based on June 26, 2007. Notice of the Ministry of Public Security on adjusting the fire level standard. The new fire grade standard is modulated from the original three levels into four levels: particularly serious fire, major fire and general fire. (1) a particularly serious fire refers to a fire that killed more than 30 people, or seriously injured more than 100 people, or caused direct property losses of more than 654.38 billion yuan; (2) A major fire refers to a fire that causes more than 30 people to die 10, or more than 50 people to be seriously injured 100, or more than 50 million yuan 100 million yuan to cause direct property losses; (3) A large fire refers to a fire that causes more than 3 people to die 10, or more than 10 and less than 50 people to be seriously injured, or more than 10 and less than 50 million yuan to cause direct property losses; (4) General fire refers to a fire that causes the death of less than 3 people, or serious injury of less than 10 people, or direct property loss of less than100000 yuan.

4. Knowledge of fire prevention and earthquake prevention. The knowledge of asking God for help in fire prevention and earthquake prevention should not be long.

Don't panic when people encounter a sudden earthquake. Keep a clear head and take emergency measures. When it is too late to escape from the house, people living in bungalows can take refuge under solid desks, kang edges, bed boards and so on. People who live in rooms should take refuge from big rooms to small rooms such as toilets and kitchens as soon as possible. When it is too late to escape from the big room, you should hide under the corner of the interior wall, close to furniture and door frames, to protect your head and breathing safety; Don't hide in the outer corner of the holding room to prevent the outer wall from cracking and collapsing. Don't hide on the balcony, by the window and hug the stairs, and don't jump off the building blindly to avoid falling. When the main earthquake has passed for about 20 seconds, evacuate the room immediately to prevent damage caused by subsequent aftershocks. People living in high-rise buildings should not escape by elevator to avoid power failure and fire caused by earthquake, but should evacuate along the elevator. Those who escape or are already outdoors should protect their heads. In order to prevent being injured by sundries and other things, quickly evacuate to open and safe places such as squares, playgrounds and parks. And avoid narrow streets, tall buildings, shadow walls, retaining walls, chimneys, bridges, high-voltage lines, transformers, banks, dams and other dangerous areas. If you are on the overpass during the earthquake, drivers and passengers should quickly get off the overpass to escape. If you are in workshops, theaters, shopping malls, schools and other public places when the earthquake is too late, you can hide under the lathe, under the table, under the stage, under the chair, on both sides of the counter and so on. There are many aftershocks after the earthquake, and the buildings that have not fallen can't go back. If a fire breaks out in a collapsed building, it should be put out quickly to rescue the survivors trapped inside. People buried in the ruins should reinforce the surrounding supports as much as possible and call for help through continuous and regular tapping and shouting.

5. How to improve fire awareness?

As we all know, fire is a good thing, which can bring light and warmth to human beings. But if it is used improperly, it may hurt people's lives and bring disaster at any time. I read in the book that in 2003, there were 40,000 fires in China, with more than 7,000 casualties, of which 10% was caused by children playing with fire. It is obvious to learn some fire prevention knowledge to reduce the occurrence of man-made fires. Common fires include building fires, school teachers fires and forest fires. In case of fire, don't be afraid or panic. Follow the teacher's instructions and leave the fire scene quickly. Don't take part in fire fighting easily. If you find a fire at home, don't delay, take local materials and put it out in time. If liquefied gas catches fire due to air leakage, you can cover the fire with a towel or rag and close the valve quickly. The fire is ruthless. In case of fire, everyone should keep a clear head, race against time and leave quickly. If you are trapped in a fire, you should improvise and take appropriate measures to get out of danger. Smoke is the most deadly danger in fire, so students should cover their mouths and noses with wet towels to keep breathing smoothly. We should lay low and flee the scene as soon as possible. I believe that as long as we enhance our fire prevention awareness and self-help ability, the "fire devil" will bow to us. Fire and water are ruthless. There was clear training in ancient times. Therefore, we should be especially careful, raise awareness of fire prevention, and teach the elderly and children common sense of fire prevention. At present, most of our homes are in tall buildings. First of all, we must reduce guns. Second, we should know exactly how to ask for help. Third, be familiar with the escape route. Fourth, and most importantly, we must not be chaotic, old, weak or young. Young people and middle-aged people should never use the elevator. The fire upstairs went out. The fire downstairs is getting stronger and stronger. No hurry. Not chaotic. Don't forget to bring a wet towel. You can cover your mouth if necessary. If the smoke is very thick, your eyesight is not good. You can take a low-income style, or even lie down, because the smoke is upward, so you can see the route clearly. Besides, the air is also circulating where you clean the floor. Let me tell you a little common sense. I wish you peace. The campus is. There are many teaching instruments, expensive scientific research equipment, large electricity consumption, many kinds of experiments and internships, and many flammable materials. Once a fire accident happens, the impact and loss will be great, which will directly affect the normal teaching and scientific research work. Therefore, our school has attached great importance to campus fire prevention work for many years and always put fire prevention work at the top of all prevention work. Preventing campus fires is a long-term and unremitting work. Learning fire safety knowledge is an essential lesson for middle school students during their school study. In order to enhance their fire safety awareness, clarify their fire safety responsibilities, and facilitate students to learn fire safety knowledge, we have compiled this book "Common Sense of Fire Safety for Middle School Students". The contents of this book mainly include: the basic knowledge of fire fighting, the basic knowledge of fire extinguishers, the first fire extinguishing method, the knowledge of personnel evacuation and fire escape, and the question and answer of fire safety knowledge. And collected campus fire cases, fire safety knowledge contest questions and so on. Its purpose is to let middle school students know the common sense of fire safety, be familiar with the performance characteristics of fire fighting equipment, master the skills of fire fighting, evacuation and escape, improve their self-defense and self-help ability, and prevent campus fires. At the same time, it also provides learning and publicity materials for the majority of students and middle school students' volunteer fire brigades. We hope that through the study of fire safety knowledge, the majority of students will have "three understandings and three skills", that is, to know the danger of fire, the methods of fire extinguishing and the measures to prevent fire: reporting fire, using fire extinguishers and escaping to save themselves. "Hidden dangers are more dangerous than open flames, prevention is better than disaster relief, and responsibility is more important than Mount Tai". It is hoped that students will consciously assume the responsibility and obligation of campus fire prevention, learn more fire prevention knowledge, abide by various fire prevention systems and actively participate in campus fire prevention work. What disaster did you burn? It came quietly in the dark. On the night of April 19, 2003, a fire broke out in wulong village, Chengtou Town, which cut his sleeping face in the dark. At two o'clock in the morning, the heartbreaking siren woke me up from my dream ... I ran out of the house and saw the flames not far away, which was already crowded with people. Fire officers and soldiers are busy rescuing people trapped by fire demons. As if to devour everything, it looks even more ferocious in the night shadow. At this time, several firefighters rushed out of the sea of fire, holding dying old people and children in their hands. The villagers brought water to moisten the skin of the injured. Looking at the old people and children who are in pain, my heart can't help trembling slightly. A strong life looks so fragile in front of the fire. At about seven o'clock in the morning, the fire was put out. However, an antique mahogany mansion also blew in with the wind, leaving a blackened ruin. No one can estimate how much the fire burned, but everyone's heart has a kind of pain that is difficult to resolve. In the face of all this, people should reflect: what did the fire burn? When the original Prometheus brought you to earth; It is you who helped mankind bid farewell to the life of eating and drinking blood; You, too, ruthlessly destroyed the warm home of mankind. Humans respect and fear you, and have kept a certain distance from you in the long history. They are close to the fear of injury and far from the fear of cold, and you are always indifferent to all this. If human beings use fire at will, their awareness of fire prevention will be weak, and suffering and sadness will follow. We can't forget that the innocent child had tears in his eyes, and his grandfather, who was also in tears, cried: Yes, the house collapsed and can be rebuilt; Things are destroyed and can be rebuilt. But what will people use to cure the childlike innocence that was burned by fire? Fire is warm, which brings spring-like warmth to people's hearts in the snowy winter night. Fire is beautiful, it can make people walk into a hazy and warm world. Just like the little girl selling matches in Andersen's fairy tales, through the faint match light, she saw delicious roast goose, incomparable Christmas tree and amiable grandmother, and beautiful scenes appeared in front of her, which made her intoxicated with extreme happiness.