Lesson 25 "The ancients talked about reading" in the first volume of the fifth grade comes from Zhu's "Exegesis of Children", which mainly talks about the steps and precautions of reading.

The content of this article is: there are three ways to read, namely, heart, eyes and mouth. The heart is not here, the eyes don't look closely, the heart is not single-minded, it can only read, never remember, and it won't last long. Of the three, the heart is the most urgent. Since the heart is here, won't the eyes be there?

The meaning of this passage is: when reading, you should pay attention, not only with your eyes, but also with your heart and mouth. Only when you really read with your heart can you really understand the contents of the book and remember it well. Among them, the mind is the most important. If you don't concentrate, your eyes won't look carefully, and you will only read casually, which won't have any effect. Only when the heart, eyes and mouth are all together can the reading effect be better.

This may be a little abstruse for fifth-grade students, but it tells us a very important truth: study with concentration and heart. Only in this way can we truly master knowledge.

The writing background of The Analects of Confucius in Ancient Reading Talk;

The Analects of Confucius is one of the ancient Confucian classics in China, which records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples and embodies the core values of Confucianism. Written in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, this is an important turning point in the history of China, and great changes have taken place in society. The writing background of The Analects of Confucius is closely related to the politics, economy and culture of this period.

Politically, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were a divided period, with countries fighting against each other and social order being chaotic. Confucius believed that in order to restore social stability and order, people's moral qualities and concepts need to be cultivated through education. Many expositions in The Analects of Confucius are about how to be a man and how to govern the country, emphasizing the importance of moral character and morality.

Economically, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period was a period of commercial prosperity, but there were also problems such as polarization between the rich and the poor and land annexation. Confucius believes that the development of business should be based on morality and should not pursue unlimited interests. He advocates that a gentleman is righteous and a villain is profitable, that is, a gentleman values morality and a villain only values interests. This idea is also reflected in the Analects of Confucius.

In terms of culture, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period was a period in which a hundred schools of thought contended. The Confucian school founded by Confucius gradually formed and developed during this period. The Analects of Confucius is one of the Confucian classics, and its exposition embodies the core values of Confucianism, such as benevolence, loyalty, courtesy, righteousness and shame. These values have always played an important role in China's traditional culture, and have had a far-reaching impact on the ideology, culture and morality of later generations.