Fuzhou is located in the east coast of Fujian Province, downstream of the Minjiang River, between 2515 ′-26 39 ′ north latitude and 0/18 ′-120 31′ east longitude. East China Sea, facing Taiwan Province Province across the sea, borders Sanming City and Nanping City in the west, Ningde City in the north and Putian City in the south, with a total land area of 12 152.5 square kilometers. Jiufeng Mountain in the west of Fuzhou-Daiyun Mountain is adjacent to the sea in the east, and the terrain gradually drops from west to east. The landform types range from Zhongshan to low mountains and high hills, and the platform plain faces the sea. The hilly area accounts for 72.68% of the total area. The Minjiang River runs through the mountains from northwest to southeast, with deep canyons, narrow river surface and rapid water flow. Below Anren Xikou, the river valley gradually widens and the water flows gently eastward, forming the largest Fuzhou Plain in the whole region in Fuzhou Basin. In addition, there are many small plains and mountain basins in the lower reaches of the Aojiang and Longjiang rivers. Fuzhou Plain is surrounded by Gushan Mountain, Qishan Mountain, Wuhu Mountain and Lianhua Mountain. Geomorphologically, it is also a basin, and it and Zhangzhou Basin are the two largest basins in Fujian Province. Fuzhou coastline is long and tortuous, but the linear distance between them is only118km. The sea area is vast, with many harbors and islands. These islands are impacted and eroded by the waves, forming peculiar landforms and beautiful scenery. Fuzhou, which spans the middle subtropical zone and the south subtropical zone, has a subtropical maritime monsoon climate, which is warm and humid, and is suitable for the growth of trees and crops. However, meteorological disasters such as drought, flood and typhoon often occur here. There are many mountains in the territory, and the vertical change of mountain climate is also quite obvious, which causes the vertical distribution difference of soil and vegetation. Fuzhou is rich in land resources in different degrees, with a large area of forest land, a serious shortage of cultivated land, abundant water resources and abundant rainfall, but the distribution in time and space is uneven, and coastal islands are seriously short of water, with drought in summer and autumn. Non-metallic resources are abundant, while metallic minerals are in short supply. Rich in marine resources and superior port conditions, the construction potential of "Fuzhou on the Sea" is unlimited. Fuzhou is a national historical and cultural city with a history of more than 2,200 years. As early as the Neolithic Age, Fuzhou ancestors created the charcoal mountain culture. In the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu (202 BC), the descendants of Gou Jian, the King of Yue, lost the title of "King of Min and Yue" and built the "Ye" city, which started the earliest wall construction in Fuzhou. In the 13th year of Kaiyuan in the Tang Dynasty (AD 725), it was originally named "Fuzhou" because "there are floating mountains in the northwest of the state", which has been used ever since. At the end of the Tang Dynasty and the beginning of the Five Dynasties (AD 90 1 ~ 908), the King of Fujian successively expanded the "Los Angeles" and the "North-South Jiacheng" to enclose the beautiful Yushan, Wushan and Pingshan into the city, so Fuzhou was also called "Three Mountains". During the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhang Boyu, the magistrate of Fuzhou, advocated "weaving households to plant banyan trees", which made "the city full of banyan trees, but not covered in summer" and made Fuzhou have the reputation of "Rongcheng". In the Yuan Dynasty, Fujian established its capital in Fuzhou. At the end of Ming Dynasty, King Zhu of Tang Dynasty proclaimed himself emperor in Fujian, and Fuzhou was also called "Fu Jeer". Fuzhou was established as the government in Qing Dynasty. From 65438 to 0946, the government of the Republic of China formally established Fuzhou. On August 1949, Fuzhou was liberated and designated as the capital of Fujian Province. Fuzhou has been the frontier window of China's opening to the outside world and an important port of international trade since ancient times. As early as the Eastern Han Dynasty, Fuzhou had trade with Southeast Asia. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Fuzhou has become a prosperous international trade port and an important gateway to the Maritime Silk Road. In the Ming Dynasty, Fuzhou's foreign trade entered its heyday, and Fuzhou Port officially became a national port. Zheng He, a famous navigator, went to the Western Ocean seven times after increasing supplies in Taiping Port (Mawei and Changle) in Fuzhou. In the Qing Dynasty, after Kangxi and Yongzheng, Fuzhou's foreign trade flourished again, "making the southwestern ports salty and mutually beneficial". After the Opium War, Fuzhou became one of the "five-port trade" ports. Since the reform and opening up, Fuzhou has become one of the first batch of 14 coastal port cities in China, enjoying preferential policies given by the state, such as economic and technological development zones, bonded zones, high-tech parks and export processing zones. Fuzhou has simple folk customs and prosperous culture, and is known as "Zou Lu on the seashore". As early as the Three Kingdoms and the Jin Dynasty, Gao Yan, Yu Yuan, Jiang Yan and other celebrities had spread the Central Plains culture in Fuzhou. During the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, the Temple Research Institute was established in Fuzhou. Han Yu once praised: "The more talented Fujian is, the more people know the documents, as good as the national teeth." He thought that the cultural level of Fuzhou could be comparable to that of Chang 'an in Kyoto. In the Song Dynasty, Fuzhou's education and culture were more developed, and there was a grand occasion of "ten guests and nine luxuries on the road, and the sound of reading in the south lane and the north lane". At that time, the Nest Classics Building opened in Fuzhou was the earliest public library in China, and Shigu Academy was also known as one of the four major academies in China. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Fuzhou has become a gathering place for cultural exchanges between the East and the West, and celebrities who "started a generation of ethos" are like stars. According to incomplete statistics, there were more than 4 100 Fuzhou-born scholars in past dynasties, including 6 Chinese champions100 and 7 martial arts champions, ranking among the best in China. Yongtai County, Fuzhou, won the title of "No.1 Scholar" for seven consecutive years from the second year of Song Dynasty to the eighth year of Song Dynasty. The champion, champion and Dingjia No.3 in the first year of Jiading in the Song Dynasty were all banyan people, and they were all praised as miracles in the history of imperial examinations in China. At present, there are more than 50 academicians of China Academy of Sciences and Academy of Engineering in Fuzhou, ranking among the best cities in China. Fuzhou is a famous historical city, and/kloc-0 was announced as a national historical and cultural city by the State Council in 1986. Archaeological excavations prove that clan tribes settled in Fuzhou for a long time as early as 5,000 ~ 7,000 years ago in the early Neolithic Age of primitive society. "Min people" were indigenous people at that time. About 4000 years ago, that is, from the end of 2 1 BC to the beginning of 6/BC, the Min residents here had contact with the Huaxia people in the Central Plains. In the Zhou Dynasty, the relationship with the Central Plains became closer. It not only belonged to the Zhou Dynasty, but also entered the slave society. In the middle of the Warring States Period (334 BC), Sun Wujiang, the king of Yue, was defeated and killed by Chu Weiwang. The state of Yue began to disintegrate and the royal family fled to the south. Some Vietnamese people entered Fujian and merged with Fujian people to become Fujian and Vietnam people. In 22 1 year BC, after Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, he entered Fujian. In 220 BC, Qin Shihuang abolished the king of Fujian and Yue as monarch, and established Minzhong County in Fujian. At the end of the Qin dynasty, the heroes rose together and competed for the Central Plains. The people of Fujian and Vietnam first opposed Qin, and then assisted Liu Bang in attacking Xiang Yu. In the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu (the first 202 years), none of them was the king of Fujian and Vietnam, and Fuzhou became the capital of Fujian and Vietnam. No one can build a city by refining mountains, which is called "refining the city". In the third year of Jin Taikang (282), Fuzhou was the county and city of Jin 'an County. Gao Yan, the first county magistrate, rebuilt the county seat and called it "Zicheng". During the Southern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Fuzhou was once the city of Fengzhou, Quanzhou and Jianzhou in Fujian. In the 13th year of Tang Kaiyuan (725), Fuzhou was renamed the Governor's Office. From then on, Fuzhou got its name. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Wang, a native of Gushi, Gwangju, Henan Province, and his brother Wang Chao led the troops south, occupied the whole territory of Fujian, established Fujian, and made Fuzhou its capital. Wang resettled immigrants from the Central Plains, selected talents, promoted education, expanded the city by deep lakes, reduced taxes and cards, and developed overseas trade. In the year of Guangfu in the Tang Dynasty (90 1), Wang built a big city around Ziwai, with eight gates, nine gates and three gates, which were called Luocheng, all of which were made of city bricks printed with "Qian Wen" patterns. In addition to official residences, people in Los Angeles are also allowed to build houses in designated areas, surrounded by segmented high walls called squares. This is the prototype of "three lanes and seven lanes". In the first year of Kaiping (907), a moon city was built in the north and south of the big city, and the big city was sandwiched between them, which was called "sandwich city". Because the area outside the south gate is low-lying, the city wall was built to prevent floods. At that time, the whole city was slightly circular, and Wang Yueshan (Pingshan), Jiuxian Mountain (Yushan) and Wushan were all surrounded in the city, so it was nicknamed "Three Mountains". Later, Wang's son, Wang, established the country "Damin" and renamed it Fuzhou "Changle House" and "East Capital". In the seventh year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (974), Qian Yu, the secretariat of Fuzhou, built an outer city outside Jiacheng. After Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty, nomadic people ran rampant and the Central Plains was smeared with charcoal. Fuzhou is regarded as the "Wuling Taoyuan". People who avoid chaos are gradually coming, and the figures are very prosperous. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhao Deng, the beneficial king, took Fuzhou as his residence and promoted Fuzhou to Fu 'an as the capital. In the 15th year of Yuan Dynasty (1278), Fujian established its capital in Quanzhou and moved back to Fuzhou three years later. The rulers of the Ming Dynasty paid no attention to taxes, rewarded honesty and restrained greed, encouraged reclamation and developed production, and Fuzhou's economy recovered, and its textile, commerce and navigation industries also developed. In the fourth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (137 1), a stone town was built on the basis of Jiacheng in Tang Dynasty and Outer City in Song Dynasty to prevent Japanese invasion. This is Fucheng. It was not until the Revolution of 1911 that the city was demolished. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Qing soldiers entered the customs, and Tang Wang Zhu ascended the throne in Fuzhou, which was called Fuzhou Tianxingfu, also known as "Fu Jeer", and was the capital city. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Fuzhou was ruled by the Fuzhou government. After the Opium War, Fuzhou became one of the five trading ports, and its city was expanding day by day. The urban area, Nantai and Cangshan are connected together. Shanghang, Xia Hang, Zhong Ting and Taijiang have become markets where merchants gather, and Cangshan has become a foreign consulate area. In modern history, Fuzhou was once the birthplace of China's navy and shipbuilding industry, and trained a generation of early famous naval generals for China.