From the content of GJB 900 1C-20 17 standard 8.5.2, it can be seen that the purpose of product identification is to identify the output (referring to products and services) and its monitoring and measurement status (referring to inspection status), to prevent confusion and misuse of process output or its monitoring and measurement status, and to achieve necessary traceability. GJB 900 1 puts the requirements of identification and traceability in the production stage, but in practice, it is necessary to use appropriate methods in the whole process of product and service realization.
Identification refers to the identification of products and services or their specific status by marking or recording, which can usually be divided into three types: product and service identification, product and service status identification and traceability identification (that is, uniqueness identification), which are explained one by one below.
I. Product and service identification
Product and service identification is to distinguish products and services with different specifications, models, features or characteristics, and to prevent confusion in the process of product and service realization, and identification is only carried out when necessary. So when is the "time of need"? When products and services are easily confused, it is not the same as our daily identification of product model, serial number, production date and manufacturer. Our daily logo is more about tracing back to the source. The easily confused product and service identification includes but is not limited to the following parts:
1) Identification of key/important parts. The purpose of identifying key parts/important parts is to strengthen process control. Although the physical and functional characteristics of key parts/important parts may be different from other parts, their functions as "key parts/important parts" are not different from those of "ordinary parts", which is easy to cause confusion, so it is necessary to identify them for easy identification and strengthening process control.
2) Product identification for emergency release/exceptional release. Emergency release/exceptional release products have not completed all required verification activities, and their quality status cannot be determined, which is easy to be confused with normal products. Be sure to mark and keep records to ensure that products and services can be recycled and replaced.
3) Identification of nonconforming products. Unqualified products refer to products that do not meet the requirements. Their quality status is different from that of normal products, and their physical characteristics may be slightly different, which is easy to cause confusion. It should be identified and isolated in time to avoid misuse or wrong delivery.
4) Concession acceptance and identification of equipment substitution. Concession acceptance indicates that the product does not meet the requirements, and equipment substitution indicates that the technical status of the product is different from that of the normal product, so it should be marked to avoid confusion with the normal product.
5) Identification of technical status items. The selection of technical status items is to strengthen process control, so technical status items should be marked, which is different from the daily model and number, easy to identify and avoid confusion with non-technical status items.
6) Product identification with similar physical characteristics. For example, M5×4 screw and M5×5 screw must be identified to avoid misuse.
7) Other product identification that may easily cause confusion.
The method of product and service identification should be based on the characteristics and actual needs of the product, and the appropriate identification method should be selected, which usually includes:
1) nameplate identification: mark the nameplate for production and fix it on the product;
2) labeling: labeling the labeled product on the label, and then labeling the product on the packaging;
3) Identification sleeve: For products that can be coated (such as cables), identify production can be sleeved on the coating, and then the coating can be fixed on the product;
4) lettering and marking: lettering and marking the product surface;
5) Paint marking: mark the product surface with paint or coating;
6) Brand identification: For products that cannot be identified by themselves, it is not suitable to adopt the form of self-adhesive labels and identification sleeves. You can attach a logo to the logo for production, and then attach a logo to the product.
7) Equipment boot interface identification: For hardware running software, such as display console, product identification should also include boot interface identification;
When it is inconvenient to use the above method for product identification, product identification can be carried out in production records, inspection and acceptance records, production and quality certificates and other documents and records, and the product development stage (pattern -M, initial sample -C, sample -S, positive sample -Z, finalization -D), emergency or abnormal release, inspection and test status can be clearly stated.
Second, monitoring measurement state identification
Monitoring and measurement status identification refers to the instant status description (usually marked as pending inspection, inspected pending inspection, qualified and unqualified) used to judge whether the output is qualified in the same production and service provision process, so as to prevent the output in different states from being confused, especially to prevent unqualified products from being released or misused by mistake.
According to the plan, set up monitoring and measurement status signs at designated locations. Including: direct marks on the output (such as nondestructive inspection marks, labels, seals, signs, etc.). ); Set up area identification (to be inspected area, nonconforming product area, etc.). ); Mark the relevant records or documents accompanying the turnover (such as stamped inspection seal, process flow card and quality tracking card).
Three. Traceability identification
According to GB/T 19000-20 16 "Fundamentals and Terminology of Quality Management System", traceability refers to being able to trace the history, application or location of an object, so as to investigate the source, process and destination of the product and systematically investigate the batch problem. Weapons and equipment implement the lifelong responsibility system for quality responsibility. The implicit requirement is that all equipment should be marked with traceability. Traceability marks refer to the product model, serial number, manufacturer and production date in our daily work. In some cases, traceability marks are also part of product identification.
Batch identification of products is usually a method of traceability identification, and batch management is the refinement and concrete implementation of traceability requirements. So what exactly is the same batch? GJB 1330A-20 19 "Quality Control Requirements for Military Batch Management" gives a clear definition. Batch refers to a certain number of products that are put in or output by the same organization at one time under stable production conditions according to the same technical documents. Including four meanings: ① there is no same batch between different units in the same institution; (2) The same technical documents are very clear; (3) Stable production conditions, including factors such as people, machines, materials, methods, environment, measurement, etc., and the description of stability cannot be obviously fluctuating (not constant). For example, it is impossible for an operator to become a novice from a skilled worker; (4) Input or output at one time, and purchase a batch of raw materials at the same time, and produce a batch of products in March and May respectively, which is not a batch of products.
According to GJB 1405A-2006 Terminology of Equipment Quality Management, batch management refers to the activities of feeding, processing, changing jobs, warehousing, assembly, inspection, delivery and identification according to batches to maintain the traceability of the same batch of products. To achieve batch management, you need to:
1) "Five Clearances" for batch management, that is, product batch clearing, quantity clearing, quality status clearing, original record clearing and furnace (batch) number clearing; "Six batches" refers to batch feeding, batch processing, batch transfer, batch storage, batch assembly and batch delivery. Batch identification should be maintained, batch management should be adapted to the production organization form, and economic rationality should be considered.
2) Establish records by batch, such as the process card with work, which is used to record the quantity, quality status, operators and inspectors of this batch of products. This is a record of process implementation and should be kept. Batch identification should be consistent with the original records (vouchers) of products and services, such as batch number, model and date of products and services, and corresponding records should be made for cases that need to be traced back.
3) Make records. Records should be able to trace the situation before the delivery of production and services and the steps and places after delivery. In case of quality problems, the responsible manufacturer of products and services, the date of delivery and/or production of products, the batch number of assembly parts that make up the products, the situation before delivery of products and the steps and places after delivery can be traced back through the batch number and relevant batch vouchers.
Fourth, the comparison of the three.
The difference between product identification, status identification and traceability (uniqueness) identification.
last words
Product identification and traceability management are important components of quality management system. GJB726A-2004 Requirements for Product Identification and Traceability stipulates that when a product becomes uncertain due to the loss of identification, the product shall be regarded as unqualified.
Marks can usually be divided into three types: product and service marks, product and service status marks and traceability marks (i.e. uniqueness marks). Product and service identification is to distinguish products and services with different specifications, models, characteristics or features, and to prevent confusion in the process of product and service realization. Monitoring and measurement status identification refers to the instant status description of qualified output in the same production and service provision process. Traceability identification is also a part of product identification. All equipment products need traceability identification to trace the history, application or location of the products. Batch management is the refinement and concrete realization of traceability requirements.
My humble opinion is for reference only, and I hope it will be beneficial for all units to implement standards and carry out quality system certification.