Maxine Hong Kingston (1940-), female, American Chinese novelist. 1940 was born in Xinhui, Guangdong, and was born in California, USA. 1962 graduated from the Department of English Literature at the University of California, Berkeley, and 1992 was elected as an American Fellow of Humanities and Natural Sciences. In 2008, he won the Outstanding Literary Contribution Award of the National Book Award. Maxine Hong Kingston has written influential novels such as Woman Warrior, China Guy and Sun Walker. These works established Maxine Hong Kingston's position in the history of Chinese American literature.
Chinese name: Maxine Hong Kingston
Mbth: MaxineHongKingston
Alias: Tang Tingting
Nationality: USA
Place of birth: California, USA
Date of birth:1940 65438+1October 27th.
Occupation: writer
Graduate School: University of California, Berkeley
Major achievements: Outstanding Literary Contribution Award
Masterpieces: Woman Warrior, China Guy, Sun Walker, and The Fifth Book of Peace.
Constellation: Scorpio
Character experience
Maxine Hong Kingston/KLOC-0 was born in stockton, California, USA on October 27th. Maxine Hong Kingston's parents felt that fate was as unpredictable as roulette, so they chose maxine, a blonde gambler who was famous for her good luck at that time, as their daughter's English name, hoping that she would bring good luck to her family. In order to make this baby look masculine, Tang Tingting's father gave her a very masculine Chinese name-"Tingting", which is an independent state that does not depend on others, rather than being as soft and docile as "Tingting".
1958 Maxine Hong Kingston received a scholarship to study at the University of California, Berkeley, where she studied engineering first and then English literature.
From 65438 to 0962, Maxine Hong Kingston graduated from the English Literature Department of the University of California, Berkeley, and then worked as an English teacher in a slum school in a small town not far from San Francisco.
From 65438 to 0967, Maxine Hong Kingston went to Hawaii to teach at the University of Hawaii for a long time, and then went to the English Department of the University of California, Berkeley as a professor.
1973 In the summer, maxine Hong Kingston and her husband were on vacation on an island not far from Honolulu. One night, the couple went to the movies, but the projector broke down temporarily and they had to go back to the hotel. Bored, maxine Hong Kingston picked up a pen and handwritten two pages, which later became the outline of the book Woman Warrior.
1975, after several additions and deletions, Maxine Hong Kingston's Woman Warrior was finally released.
1976, Novo Publishing House published her first novel "The Woman Warrior", which made her famous.
1980, Maxine Hong Kingston published her second novel China Guy.
From 65438 to 0984, Maxine Hong Kingston went to Beijing with the American Writers Association to attend the meeting of Chinese and American writers. After the meeting, she and her husband Yale Kingston went to Guangzhou and Xinhui to visit relatives and find their roots.
1989, Maxine Hong Kingston's third work Monkey King came out one after another.
199 1 In June, Maxine Hong Kingston began to write the novel The Fourth Book of Peace.
From 65438 to 0992, Maxine Hong Kingston was elected as an American Fellow of Humanities and Natural Sciences for her literary achievements.
1993, The Fourth Book of Peace was burned in maxine Hong Kingston's home in Oakland, California. Maxine Hong Kingston suffered a great mental and material blow, so that she could not read and write for a long time.
In March 2003, Maxine Hong Kingston was arrested in Washington, D.C., because she took part in a demonstration against the government's war in Iraq and broke into the blockade set by the police.
In 2004, the fifth Book of Peace written by Ma Kexin Hong Kingston was published.
Personal life
Maxine Hong Kingston's father, Tang Side, is a native of Gushi Village, Gujing Town, Xinhui County, Guangdong Province. He came to America from 65438 to 0925 and worked in a laundry. Mother Zhu is a midwife nurse, who came to her husband from 1939.
Maxine Hong Kingston is the third of the eight brothers and sisters. When Maxine Hong Kingston was a child, the Tang family was so poor that ten people were squeezed into a simple apartment. In order to support the family, Townend manages a pitifully small storefront from morning till night, earning some meager profits; Zhu is running up and down in a hospital near or far to play "short-term work" Even so, the couple's income can't maintain the family's food and clothing.
Although the Tang family is short of materials, the children are rich in spiritual food. Tang Enbo was busy making a living and didn't discipline his children much, but after all, he was a traditional intellectual full of poetry, and his profound literary accomplishment had a subtle influence on Maxine Hong Kingston. As for Zhu, he is an expert in storytelling. Whether the goddess fills the sky, Jingwei fills the sea, moves mountains, snows, Mulan joins the army, and strange stories from a strange studio, he can talk vividly for a long time. Although young maxine Hong Kingston used American thinking to understand and comprehend goodness, evil, beauty and ugliness, he was quickly moved by distant legends and wonderful and vivid details. In this way, Maxine Hong Kingston gradually became interested in literature.
From 65438 to 0962, maxine Hong Kingston married the actor Yale Kingston and gave birth to joseph lawrence Zhongmei two years later.
Main work
works
Creative characteristics
Theme of the work
Maxine Hong Kingston's works have a wide range of themes, but judging from the publication time of her works, her creative theme runs through a main line: feminism (The Woman Warrior) → racial egalitarianism (China Guy) → building ethnic cultural attributes (Sun Walker) → world pacifism (The Book of Peace Part V).
Feminism deconstructs the male-dominated center.
In The Woman Warrior, the author interprets the life experiences of the author and some female relatives of the family according to the family history and China myths and legends told by her mother in her childhood, combined with her own understanding and imagination.
The novel begins with my mother's warning, "What I tell you must be kept secret and can't tell anyone". Mother here refers to menstruation's disobedience and adultery, and she was finally forced to commit suicide by throwing herself into the well. Ironically, instead of keeping silent on this matter, "I" reinterpreted this story and the story of my later menstruation and made it public. Here, "I" went against my mother's wishes and shouted out my inner voice. My deep sympathy for my aunt and my hatred of the patriarchal system turned into my motivation and courage to fight, prompting me to pick up paper and pen and challenge the patriarchal system as a weapon.
The story of "I" in the second chapter "Learning Taoism in Baihu Mountain" is based on the biography of Mulan and Yue Fei, which are familiar to readers in China. In "Learning Taoism in White Tiger Mountain", Maxine Hong Kingston created one of the most attractive modern mythological heroes-Mulan. China's version of Mulan is in sharp contrast with Maxine Hong Kingston's Mulan. First of all, Mulan is unmarried and has only one younger brother. The female soldier "I" not only has a husband, a younger brother who was recruited as a soldier, but also a son born in battle. Secondly, Mulan fought against foreign enemies far from home, while "my" enemies were at home. Before I left home, my parents tattooed "revenge", "oath and name" and endless "resentment" on my back. The soldiers led by "I" killed the emperor after going to Beijing, and after returning home, "I" killed the local officials for revenge, because the bully compared the girl to a "maggot in the rice" and said that "it is better to raise a daughter than a goose" and "the girl is for others". Maxine Hong Kingston intends to rewrite the story of her mother-in-law carving on Yue Fei's back as Mulan's father carving on Mulan, hoping that she can be as powerful as many traditional male heroes in China and become a female warrior, which fully embodies the author's feminist concept. The image of the protagonist "Mulan" has a strong color of female heroism. Maxine Hong Kingston resists the patriarchal rule that oppresses women, so she tries to mold the female warrior into another self in order to overthrow the whole patriarchal tradition and challenge gender discrimination. Hua Mulan is a legendary woman in China's traditional culture. She made great achievements in order to be loyal to the monarch, maintain the feudal rule system in China and kill the enemy bravely. The female warriors here were not loyal to the imperial power, but fought against the emperor's army, drove away the crown prince, cut off the head of the emperor who symbolized feudal rule, and completely overthrew the feudal monarchy at that time-the traditional patriarchal authority foundation of China. What Maxine Hong Kingston pursues in the reconstructed Mulan story is not the traditional Confucianism of loyalty, filial piety, benevolence and righteousness, but the independence and gender equality of western feminism.
The Woman Warrior explores the gender problems faced by Chinese women by combining reality with fiction, criticizes the patriarchal culture in China, challenges the patriarchal society and gender discrimination, criticizes the decadent and hypocritical feudal ethics, satirizes the harmful feudal marriage system and criticizes the feudal patriarchy in China. For the oppressed women in China, the nameless aunt, the monthly menstruation and the silence of "I" are all caused by China's misogyny culture and the concept of "son preference". So "I" rose up and tried my best to fight for my freedom and rehabilitate them for silence. Maxine Hong Kingston does not shy away from her position on women. In the article "Cultural Misreading by American Critics", she clearly stated that "I hope readers can interpret" The Woman Warrior "from the perspective of women's liberation". According to Professor Zhang Ziqing, "I remember that when she bought the Chinese translation copyright of The Woman Warrior from Maxine Hong Kingston on 1996, Maxine Hong Kingston was very concerned about the translation of her Chinese name, and repeatedly took care of the word' pavilion' without adding' female'. She is deeply influenced by feminist thoughts, which can be seen. "
Unfortunately, the female warrior can't dig out another culprit that caused the tragic fate of "Unknown Woman" and "Menstrual Orchid"-the racial discrimination system in the United States. Without the long-standing American Chinese Exclusion Act, there would be no fact that menstruation and Menstruation were forced to become grass widows, and there would be no subsequent tragedy. Therefore, the criticism of The Woman Warrior has been weakened. Fortunately, Maxine Hong Kingston has put her pen into 1980' s Racial Discrimination Guy in China.
Defend racial equality
Maxine Hong Kingston's "China Guy" is a history of struggle and tears of Chinese men persecuted by American anti-China policies, and an epic of immigrant heroes of Chinese Americans.
China Guy started with Discovery Theory, which not only changed the rule of Wu Zetian, but also changed Lin Zhiyang, who was humiliated, foot-bound, pierced his ears, beaten, hung upside down and forced to get married by the king, into Tang Ao, the daughter country in Jing Hua Yuan. She added that Tang Ao's hands and feet were shackled, his lips were sewn, and he was forced to wash his foot cloth. Finally, she said that according to some scholars, the daughter country is in North America. Undoubtedly, Maxine Hong Kingston is still exposing and criticizing the discrimination and oppression of women in old China, and at the same time using metaphors to show the situation that China men are humiliated, enslaved and forced to remain silent in the United States. "Can't speak" and "can't listen"-Being deprived of these two rights, China people's voices have been shut out of American history for a long time. The persecution of Tang Ao, the daughter country of North China, symbolizes the American experience in the United States and the castration-like insult brought by racial discrimination to China men, and vividly exposes the abnormal situation of Chinese society in the United States caused by the Chinese Exclusion Act promulgated by 1882 and a series of subsequent Chinese Exclusion Acts. In order to reflect the unfair treatment of Chinese in the United States, Maxine Hong Kingston devoted a whole chapter to listing the relevant laws enacted by the American government from 1868 to 1978. Because after the completion of the transcontinental railway in the United States, China workers were expelled from the industrial field and could only do laundry, cooking and other jobs traditionally done by women. Therefore, in a sense, men in China are forced to hold back, and society forces men in China to be "feminine". The author tries to highlight his male compatriots from the misunderstanding of culture and the annihilation of history, and dig out the Chinese history that was once buried and insufficiently reproduced, thus breaking the silence of mainstream culture and reconstructing the history of Chinese and Chinese Americans.
Maxine Hong Kingston presented a lot of materials in the chapter "Grandfather in Sierra Nevada", which showed the history of China workers' tears in building the American continent railway. While praising the men in China who devoted themselves to the development of the western United States, the readers see not the winners of success, but the victims of failure. China workers overcame the harsh climate and steep terrain, and finally cooperated with white workers to complete the trans-North American railway. "If it weren't for China people, there wouldn't be this railway. They are an indispensable labor force. " However, at the celebration after the completion of the railway, "White Devil officials said:' This is the greatest achievement in the 19th century and the greatest achievement in human history. Only Americans can do it. "Grandpa never appeared in the photo commemorating the completion of the railway. He is a pioneer in connecting this land and building a certain scale. " After the completion of the railway, China people were expelled. China people's landmark achievements in American history, their great contributions and sacrifices have been written off. Their donations were stolen, but their legal status was deprived. Through Robinson Crusoe, the wedge of China, Maxine Hong Kingston affirmed the historical achievements of Chinese immigrant ancestors in developing the western United States and Hawaii, expressed the aspirations of Chinese ethnic groups, vividly reconstructed the new image of Chinese, and subverted the long-standing image of Chinese in the mainstream hegemonic culture. According to Professor Yin of the United States, Maxine Hong Kingston originally named the Chinese name of the novel "Hero of Jinshan" to commemorate the China pioneer. In order to let readers know her mind, she kept the original title "Jinshan Hero" in the form of a seal. This seal, carved in Chinese, appears on the cover of the novel and the front page of each chapter of the book. Undoubtedly, this is an important symbol of her respect for male immigrants from China. "
It is true that Maxine Hong Kingston's purpose of subverting racial discrimination is not to subvert. The dual cultural background of Chinese Americans makes most of them have dual cultural identity and consciousness. How to construct one's own cultural attributes, how to integrate the "otherness" of "marginal culture" into the mainstream culture, and finally truly and thoroughly subvert gender discrimination and racial discrimination, and construct the cultural attributes of people on the edge of "the world"? How to further establish the new image of Chinese Americans in American society and establish their national identity? Maxine Hong Kingston explained her thoughts and ideals in her third work Monkey.
Mixed culture and the construction of national cultural attributes
Maxine Hong Kingston shifted her writing focus from rewriting the history of Chinese Americans to constructing the cultural attributes of Chinese Americans in Monkey-His Impromptu.
First of all, the title is meaningful. A brief analysis of the topic shows its "heterozygosity". The English name of this book is tripmasterMonkey:HisFakeBook. The title has a dual cultural background, covering two anti-hero images in Chinese and American cultures: "Tripmaster" is the product of the American anti-cultural movement, which refers to a group of hippies taking psychedelic drugs while walking to protect everyone's tour guides. In the book, it implies that A Xin, the protagonist, guides the reader through the maze of complex plots in the text. Through the ideological inequality between China and the West, the "monkey" of course refers to the Monkey King, and the Monkey King is the mediator of Tang Priest's pilgrimage to the West. Maxine Hong Kingston's Monkey King is not only a protagonist who is full of rebellious spirit and strives for equal rights and interests, but also a tragic image doomed to failure, symbolizing the realistic situation of China people in contemporary American society and having their own identity aspirations. The subtitle "HisFakeBook" is not misunderstood by domestic readers as "his fake book". Professor Zhang Longhai of Xiamen University interviewed Maxine Hong Kingston in Seattle according to 1989, which is a jazz term and "his improvisation". "A Xin's improvisation is his dual cultural background: he inherited China culture and American culture as the starting point and foundation of improvisation. In the title of the book, Maxine Hong Kingston's creative outlook and outlook on life are vividly displayed.
Secondly, through the hero Whitman Ashin, readers can also strongly feel the feeling of "mixing". The name shows the author's profound meaning and has both Chinese and American cultural traditions. It is a model of the combination of Chinese and western cultures. First, the name Whitman is reminiscent of the famous American poet Whitman, which symbolizes freedom, democracy, optimism and ordinary American spirit. Maxine Hong Kingston changed the American poet's name to the hero's name by homophonic, so as to achieve the purpose of inheriting American culture and embody the Americanism of the hero, including the author himself. Second, it is the embodiment of China culture, and China.
Many people in China have the name "A", which means intimate, intimate. Sing means singing in English, which explains A Xin's identity and desire: a fifth-generation immigrant of Chinese-American, a performing artist with dual identity, challenging American tradition through his own actions and words, and white people's prejudice and indifference to the yellow race. Putting Whitman in the front, on the one hand, follows American habits, on the other hand, emphasizes. As a fifth-generation immigrant of Chinese Americans, A Xin has every right to say that he is an American, not a sojourner, but a real American, not a "Chinese", and he demands that the hyphen be removed. The traditional images of A Xin and China, such as hardworking, brave, hard-working, down-to-earth and unknown, are totally opposite, which are embodied as "female warrior" and "China guy". The story of the monkey took place in San Francisco in the 1960s. At that time, San Francisco was a time when the anti-culture movement was in full swing, and it was also a hippie paradise. A Xin is the "anti-hero" image in the "Beat Generation" and a totally westernized hippie. He talks like a black man, has hair like a 13 samurai and often wears cowboy boots. Like most contemporary white youths, he was cynical and questioned everything: Vietnam War, love, civil rights, life and so on. He claimed to be a fickle and resourceful the Monkey King, but he couldn't get rid of the bondage of the nation. His greatest ambition is to revive American dramas in China. In the end, he really directed and performed his own script, crossed the race, and put the classic figures of Chinese and Western cultures in his own loneliness. This young playwright can not only quote American writers' works, but also understand China's classic works, such as Water Margin, Romance of the Three Kingdoms and The Journey to the West. I can skillfully use American language, understand slang in Chinatown and become a wise man who focuses on western culture. This is also the third meaning of his name, which is a pun. The climax of this book was staged in the last theater. It mixes China's classic works "The Water Margin", "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and The Journey to the West across gender, race, nationality and language, so that Heifen, a figure in ancient and modern times, appears and all boundaries are eliminated.
Therefore, Maxine Hong Kingston provides a utopian picture of "mixed culture" in Monkey. "Western Pear Garden" is a symbol of China ethnic culture which is mixed in form and content. The author's ideal cultural solution is to eliminate the boundary of "cultural authenticity" and establish multi-culture without losing national attributes. Claiming that China culture belongs to the United States. The attribute Maxine Hong Kingston tries to construct is no longer an either-or subject, but an imaginary subject that transcends national boundaries, nationalities and cultures. Make different nationalities and cultures move towards "great harmony".
However, true cultural globalization, rather than westernization or Americanization, is still a good wish. However, as long as human beings work together, live in peace and seek common ground while reserving differences, it is possible for human beings to build a colorful multicultural landscape in this "global village". In the long journey of subverting gender discrimination and racial discrimination, Maxine Hong Kingston still cares about human peace and the ultimate destiny of mankind. In an interview with NeilacSeshachafi at 1995, Maxine Hong Kingston also frankly declared that she was "not a selfish minority or feminist writer, but a human writer". In Monkey, Maxine Hong Kingston regards A Xin, who evaded military service and refused to participate in the Vietnam War for the United States, as a hero and highly appreciates his decision. Maxine Hong Kingston spared no effort to satirize the Vietnam War. These also reflect Maxine Hong Kingston's pacifist thoughts. Obviously, maxine Hong Kingston has extended her love to all mankind and moved towards a broader peaceful world for all mankind. Therefore, she dedicated her fourth work, The Fifth Book of Peace, to the cause of world peace.
Oppose war and preach peace.
The theme of the fifth peace book has been highlighted, from gender, race, class and cultural identity to opposing war and promoting peace. According to Maxine Hong Kingston, the title of this work comes from an ancient book in China. Long ago, China had a book of peace. There are three books called "Three Books", which warn people how to avoid wars and how to solve conflicts and disputes peacefully, but they have all been artificially burned. Maxine Hong Kingston said that since Qin Shihuang, emperors have burned books when changing dynasties. Therefore, the book of peace has been lost.
In the early 1990s, the Gulf War made Maxine Hong Kingston very uneasy, so she began to write a book promoting peace and named it The Fourth Book of Peace. 1993, Maxine Hong Kingston's home in Oakland, California was destroyed by fire. She has finished the fourth book of peace on page 156, which has been reduced to ashes. The fire hit Maxine Hong Kingston materially and spiritually, making her unable to read and write for a long time. Maxine Hong Kingston thinks that the trauma caused by the fire is the same as the heavy injury caused by the war, so she decided to write a book about her criticism of the war and her yearning for peace, hoping to rebuild her life through writing and promote the concept of peace. This book is the fifth book of peace. This book consists of four chapters. The first chapter "Fire" tells a true story. On her way home, Maxine Hong Kingston heard on the car radio that there was a fire in Auckland after attending the full moon commemoration of her father's death. The fire destroyed the houses in Auckland and Maxine Hong Kingston-all her earthly materials. The second chapter "Thesis" tells the story of literature and peace. This paper describes how Maxine Hong Kingston tried to find the manuscript of the fourth Book of Peace in the ashes. The third chapter "Water" is a story about "Dragon". Dragons are animals in the water, clouds and fog in the sky, where imagination lies. Maxine Hong Kingston used this to question the power of "fire", which was a rewrite of the book burned peacefully for the fourth time. This chapter tells the story of Whitman A Xin, a native of China, who left California for Hawaii because he opposed the Vietnam War and evaded military service. The fourth chapter "Earth" tells people what truth is; What is eternity? This paper describes Maxine Hong Kingston's organization of veterans' writing, which healed the wounds left by the war in her heart and promoted the concept of peace through anti-war writing.
Artistic feature
First of all, Maxine Hong Kingston's literary works are rooted in China culture and deeply influenced by China literature. Like many China writers, Maxine Hong Kingston received a formal American education on the one hand, and inherited the China cultural tradition left by her ancestors on the other. Maxine Hong Kingston has read the English versions of Water Margin, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Dream of Red Mansions and The Journey to the West. Read China's fairy tales; Read the English version of Selected Poems of Li Bai and Du Fu; She is also familiar with the works of many modern and contemporary writers in China, such as Lu Xun, Beidou and Shu Ting. Therefore, although Maxine Hong Kingston's works are written in English, most of the characters in her novels are China people. Moreover, Maxine Hong Kingston can accurately grasp the thoughts and mentality of China people who travel abroad. In her English novels, she uses the rhythm of Chinese as much as possible, and the story form also imitates China's. In The Woman Warrior, Maxine Hong Kingston describes some social customs in China and the well-known story of Mulan in China. In this novel, Maxine Hong Kingston ends with the story of Cai Wenji. "Cai Wenji's homesickness has become the spiritual sustenance of many China people. She has finally returned to her hometown and her familiar culture, but thousands of overseas Chinese in Qian Qian can only drift away." At first glance, the Monkey King was named after China's famous fairy tale The Journey to the West. Maxine Hong Kingston's works have a strong color of China literature, which makes them unique in the United States and deeply attracts readers. Maxine Hong Kingston once said, "China is the source of my creation, and the best story I tell is about China". Maxine Hong Kingston has the blood of China people and is deeply influenced by China culture. She has a deep sense of mission in literary creation. She actively speaks for Chinese Americans, trying to correct the incomplete or even wrong views of American society, especially white Americans, on the history of China and China. On the cover of China Guy, she wrote: "I use this book to show that I speak for Chinese Americans", and she also said: "It is my mission to bring the story of Chinese Americans to American literature, because in American literature, the image of China people is vilified".
Secondly, Maxine Hong Kingston's literary creation has the characteristics of native American literature. Maxine Hong Kingston was born in America, grew up in Sri Lanka and received a good western education. She can skillfully express her feelings and thoughts in English. She requires her works to be better than those of white writers, and her ability to control language and writing is better than theirs. Maxine Hong Kingston hopes to dispel the view that Chinese Americans can only write in Pidgin English. To this end, Maxine Hong Kingston made nine changes to The China Guy in pursuit of perfection. Maxine Hong Kingston likes many American writers, such as william carlos williams, nathaniel hawthorne, Mark Twain, Tony Morrison, Grace Paley, Alice Walker, Louis Aldridge and so on. The writing styles of these writers have influenced Maxine Hong Kingston's literary creation. The American style in Maxine Hong Kingston's works makes it easy for American readers to accept and love her novels.
Thirdly, Maxine Hong Kingston's literary works also reflect the blending and collision of Chinese and western cultures, and also reflect the author's life goal of integrating into the mainstream American culture. On bloodline, Maxine Hong Kingston is from China. As for nationality, she is American. Maxine Hong Kingston's literary creation has the dual characteristics of Chinese and western cultures because of her special dual identity and American growing experience deeply influenced by China culture. His works also reflect the integration and influence of Chinese and western cultures. Moreover, this feature occupies a more important position in his novel creation. In the novel The Woman Warrior, the myths and legends of China, the anecdotes of her mother and the real life of Chinese Americans are intertwined in the impression of the little girl, "showing the growth and reflection of a little girl under the influence of two cultural backgrounds and two national spirits, depicting her multiple selves in the small atmosphere of China family and the big atmosphere of white society, and reflecting her difficult course in determining her cultural identity".
Another important feature of Maxine Hong Kingston's literary creation is the ingenious combination of novel, autobiography and myth. The main material of "China and the Woman Warrior" comes from stories told by the author's mother in his childhood, and they are all told in the first person. In these two autobiographical novels, the author takes the life and destiny of his family and other China people as the main line and theme, and organically integrates many China cultural traditions, folk traditions, customs, myths and legends through storytelling.
Winning record
Personality influence
In the United States, Maxine Hong Kingston's works have attracted wide attention because of her bold and innovative techniques. His works have been in the forefront of the sales list for many times and won the National Book Award for many times, thus becoming one of the most famous Chinese writers in the late 20th century. From 65438 to 0998, Maxine Hong Kingston's works were included in the most authoritative and representative Norton American selected works. Her masterpiece The Woman Warrior has been listed as a European classic by the American Modern Language Association, and her works are regarded as equally famous as Homer, Chaucer, Dante, Shakespeare and Milton. , and has been included in the required reading list of many disciplines in American universities or entered the university classroom as a teaching material. 200 1 published Maxine Hong Kingston's critical guide. This monograph introduces Maxine Hong Kingston's life in detail, discusses the relationship between Maxine Hong Kingston and Asian American literary tradition, and analyzes her three representative works, The Woman Warrior, China Guy and Sun Walker, from different angles.
Personality assessment
Positive evaluation
China scholar Zhang Ziqing thinks Maxine Hong Kingston is the most powerful "feminist writer". She "not only won the right to speak for the silent unknown woman, but also made her a moral model, invincible warrior and hero." "More importantly, she has successfully won the honor of being one of the major writers in the distribution of power in contemporary mainstream American society, and has become one of the living American writers whose works have been included in various anthologies, taught in university forums and read by college students."
Bradley Bateman Bay, dean of Randolph College, said in a statement: "maxine Hong Kingston is more like a pioneer." . "In the 1970s, she began to write The Woman Warrior. She knew that the knowledge and understanding of Asian culture was not universal at that time. Tang Tingting introduced the stories of these immigrants and their children to the world. Her work has sparked a national discussion on culture, race and gender issues. " Bateman said that he also read Maxine Hong Kingston's other critically acclaimed work "China Guy". "She is an excellent writer, and she is very good at arousing people's voices with her experiences in daily life."
Harold Ogen blaum, executive director of the National Foundation of the United States, said in a statement: "Maxine Hong Kingston combines novels, memories, folk stories and political ideas to present the great American immigration story in a new and rich way." Official website, the foundation, pointed out: "Maxine Hong Kingston used a series of styles and stories in her works, creating an amazing new way of writing immigrant memoirs and novels, which influenced two generations of American writers."
Negative evaluation
Zhao Jianxiu, an Asian writer and literary critic, denounced Maxine Hong Kingston as a Chinese-American writer assimilated by white people, arguing that Maxine Hong Kingston and other writers lost China's nationality, misread and misused China classics and legends, tried to please white readers and distorted the true colors of Chinese Americans.