At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, with the introduction of western scientific ideas, modern libraries were established in various places, and ancient books became an important part of the collection.

Modern libraries should start with the establishment of Zhejiang Library in 1903, and then the establishment of Jiangnan Library and Shi Jing Library. The earliest basic collections of these libraries are ancient books. Some of them are famous for collecting ancient books. Such as Beijing Library, Nanjing Library, Peking University Library and Zhejiang Library. Take Beijing Library as an example. Its predecessor is Shi Jing Library, which was founded in 19 10. It inherited the collection of the Cabinet Library in Qing Dynasty, and there are quite a lot of rare books, including old books from Song and Yuan Dynasties and ancient manuscripts from Dunhuang. Later, it was added to imperial academy Library, and after visiting the north and south, it was concluded that the collection of Xu's books in Nanling and Yao's books in Gui 'an entered the library, and the collection of ancient books was increasingly rich. Since the twenties and thirties of this century, famous edition catalogers Xu Senyu and Zhao Wanli have successively presided over the work of Good Books Headquarters, and set up libraries and rare books repositories for searching for ancient books. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), there were more rare books in Tibet, the earliest of which was Zhao Jincheng's Collection. At the beginning of the founding of New China, the State Council (the State Council) promulgated measures to protect cultural relics and prohibit the export of precious cultural relics and books, and put them into practice. At the same time, the Cultural Relics Bureau of the Ministry of Culture has gradually carried out the investigation, protection and collection of books and cultural relics throughout the country. This work has been supported by the masses, and collectors from all over the country have donated precious books and cultural relics to the Cultural Relics Bureau and the masses at all levels. The number of ancient books collected by Beijing Library has increased dramatically, with high quality. For example, Zhou Shutao donated all the rare books, including more than 700 kinds including Fu Zhongmo, Weng, Pan Shibao Auditorium, Qu's Bronze Jianlou, Zhang, Xing Zhixiang, Liu Shaoshan and Zhao. It is with these rare books that the Beijing Library and the National Library are worthy of the name.

China ancient books refer to books produced before 19 1 1. The end of Qing Dynasty marked the end of feudal society in China. As the product of that era, China's ancient books will only be rediscovered and will not be produced again. Since these ancient books were transferred from the library to the library, the work of ancient books in the library has gradually developed. Its main content is to identify, record, classify, collect and provide reading for ancient books, including the contents of edition bibliography. In order to reveal the collection, it is urgent to compile the bibliography of ancient books or rare books in our library. From the 1920s to the early 1960s (that is, before the outbreak of the Cultural Revolution), rare books and ancient books reflecting the collections of various libraries appeared one after another, representing the research level of typology at that time. It should be pointed out that the description of ancient books in this period has provisions on the description items, contents, order, format and even terminology, but the result, that is, the edition catalogue, is mostly unified in form and uneven in quality. Libraries with profound knowledge in edition cataloging have high cataloging quality, such as the rare books of Beiping Library, the rare books of Beijing Library and the general catalogue of Jiangsu Guoli Science Library. On the contrary, there are many shortcomings. The reasons can be summarized as follows: lack of access to the previous edition of the catalogue, but still follow the previous experience; Lack of communication between libraries; Lack of summary in editing practice.

In addition to the bibliographies of various libraries, there are some valuable editions published:

(1) The story of the bookseller and the sequel to the story of the bookseller. Sun Dianqi, the author, opened a general study bookstore in Beijing and has been selling ancient books for decades. He will record the books he witnessed in detail. Because the collected works are basically works since the Qing Dynasty, its function is equivalent to the continuation of the catalogue of Sikuquanshu. The records in the catalogue generally include the title of the book, the number of volumes, the name of the author, the place of origin, the year of engraving, etc. If there are similarities and differences between the number of volumes and the edition, it is necessary to verify the author's surname, the contents of the manual, and occasionally comments.

(2) Comprehensive records of China series. From 65438 to 0959, Shanghai Library compiled and published the ancient books collected by 4/kloc-0 large libraries in China into a series of Comprehensive Records of China. This kind of "comprehensive record" has absorbed the advantages of various collections of bibliographies and series of catalogues in the old days, and has developed. The book is divided into three volumes: the first volume is the general catalogue, reflecting the titles of the series, with a total of 2797 series, which are classified according to the classification table set. The following series names (including synonyms), editor's time and surname, edition, subtitle title and author's time and surname, edition. At the end of the article, the collection tables of major libraries in China are attached. The second volume is the subtitle classification catalogue of this series. The third volume is the title index of subtitle and the book author index of subtitle. With this comprehensive record, all kinds of books in the old days can be basically ignored.

During this period, the most influential printers were Zhang Yuanji, Fu Zengxiang, Zhao Wanli and Wang Zhongmin.

Zhang Yuanji (1868— 1959) was born in Haiyan, Zhejiang. In the 18th year of Guangxu (1892), he was a scholar in Jishi Shu, imperial academy, and was in charge of the reform of the penalty department. Later, he served as the prime minister, Zhang Jing, a government official, and actively participated in the Reform Movement of 1898. After the failure of the political reform, he was punished by "dismissal and never use". He entered the Commercial Press from 1903 and served as director, manager, supervisor and chairman of the compilation institute until his death. He believed that there must be rich rare books of ancient books in order to organize documents, so he attached great importance to the construction of libraries, actively searched for rare books of ancient books, and built the Oriental Library, which specially set up a room for collecting old periodicals of Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties and copying them, and named it Hanfen Building. By the eve of 1932 September 18th Incident, the Oriental Library had collected more than 500,000 books, ranking first in China. With such a rich book environment, he began to sort out the literature. Starting from 19 16 photocopying the secrets of Hanfenlou, four series have been printed successively, continuing the series of ancient books, collecting Taoist scriptures, learning gold and seeking the original. He personally selected, revised, arranged and printed the other editions of Sikuquanshu, except that it was photocopied according to Zhang's engraving in Qing Dynasty and the first edition of Sikuquanshu was photocopied according to the library. The ancient books compiled by the Zhang family generally have inscriptions. This paper makes a brief textual research and comparison from the aspects of content, volume, layout, lines, engraving, taboo words, preface and postscript, similarities and differences of words, etc.

Fu Zengxiang (1872- 1949), also known as Uncle Yuan, was born in Jiang 'an, Sichuan, and was a scholar in the 24th year of Guangxu (1898). He chose Jishi Shu. After the May 4th Movement, he devoted himself to collecting books and collating books. His works mainly include Bibliography of Rare Books in Shuangjianlou, Selected Works of Song and Shu, Catalogue of Books in Tibetan Gardens, Textual Research in Qing Dynasty, etc. Every time he got a book, he wrote an inscription, and every time he saw a rare book, he also wrote a book catalogue to identify the similarities and differences of the versions, proofread the mistakes in words, and search the names and taboos of the book engravers in the Song Dynasty for evidence of identifying the versions. The Book Classics of Tibetan Garden Group, with 19 volumes, records the fine works of various public and private collections he saw in the process of visiting, buying and reading books for more than 30 years, and * * * contains more than 4,500 rare books. Because this edition catalogue had a certain influence at that time, it became the main work to test the scientific level of editions at that time.

Zhao Wanli (1905- 1980), a native of Haining, Zhejiang Province, graduated from the Chinese Department of Southeast University in Nanjing in his early years. 1925 served as the teaching assistant of Mr. Wang Guowei in Tsinghua University Institute of Chinese Studies, and studied poetry, drama and edition bibliography. 1928 to 1948, successively served as the head of the rare books review team, the member of the Chinese interview Committee, the head of the interview team, and the director of the rare books headquarters of Beiping Library. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he worked as a researcher and director of the special collection department of rare books in Beijing Library. He collected many old books of Song and Yuan Dynasties and rare books of Ming and Qing Dynasties in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian and Guangdong. Because of his extensive knowledge, profound skills and high attainments in edition science, the Bibliography of Beijing Library and the Catalogue of China Edition edited by him have attracted great attention and high praise from Chinese and foreign scholars since their publication.

Wang Zhongmin (1903- 1975), a Hebei Levin, graduated from Beijing Normal University 1929, and worked in the Capital Library, specializing in bibliography. From 65438 to 0934, he was sent by Beiping Library to the French National Library as an exchange librarian, and then transferred to the Library of Congress to sort out China's rare books. After returning to China from 65438 to 0947, he served as the director of the research department of Beijing Library and taught in Peking University. Acting as the director of Beijing Library for a short time after the founding of the People's Republic of China, 1957 has been teaching in Peking University Library Department. He has made great achievements in bibliography research, and the Summary of China's Rare Books reflects his attainments in edition catalogue. From 1939 to 1949, he wrote abstracts for the Song, Yuan and Ming editions and proofreading manuscripts collected by the Library of Congress, Beijing Library and Peking University Library, with a total of more than 4,400 articles (including addenda), with combined costs. As for the records in the book, whatever is summarized in the General Catalogue of Sikuquanshu will not be compiled, and there will be missing supplements and wrong corrections, and the academic value of adding or deleting the recorded books or words will be emphasized. It is more convenient to check and verify each book line, edition size, title at the end of the volume, engraver's name, preface, postscript and so on. Its focus is on the textual research of the author Li Jue's life, the beginning and end of publication, and the similarities and differences with other versions, focusing on the matter and taking the pen as a record. This paper introduces the specific collection of books, which is a skillful work to retrieve the same book version, but it is not enough to reveal the characteristics.

Compared with a large number of catalogues of typology, the monographs of typology in this period are not rich enough, mainly including General Meaning of Typology, Textual Research on the Origin of China Engraving by Sun, A Brief Introduction to Ancient Books Typology and A General Introduction to Ancient Books Typology by Mao Chunxiang. Generally speaking, they lack breakthrough achievements. During the "Cultural Revolution", traditional academic research such as edition bibliography was out of the question, and the study of edition was blank.