Japanese infantry squadrons (platoons) in World War II also have three common formations: A, B and C. One is to strengthen the formation, which governs three infantry squads and a grenadier squad, the squad leader and his assistants; The infantry squad is equipped with a light machine gun, and the rest are riflemen. One of them is often equipped with a 10 Grenade launcher, with 15 people. The grenade-throwing squad has three 89 grenade launchers. Each Grenade launcher must have a shooter, and the rest are riflemen. There should be 62 people in the first-level team. The second-level squad is standard, and the only difference from the first-level squad is that there are only 13 people, so the second-level squad should have 54 people.
The tactics of Japanese infantry squad originated from the tactics of western infantry squad. Originally, the characteristic of this tactic was to exert machine gun fire. Simply put, it is to suppress the enemy with machine guns first, drive the enemy out of the bunker with infantry, and then put the enemy down with machine guns. It tastes bad when it comes to the Japanese. The first two steps remain unchanged, and the third step is that the Japanese army emphasizes killing the enemy with machine guns. There are two reasons for this. One is to save ammunition and reduce dependence on machine guns. The other is to give full play to the advantages of rifles. The main reason behind this is that Japan's resources and logistics capabilities are limited, and the Japanese squad machine guns have performance defects.
There are three main types of Japanese machine guns in World War II: 1 1, 96, 99. 1 1 (that is, crooked) machine gun is an improved version of French Hotchkiss M 1909, with a firing rate of 550 rounds per minute and a range of 1500m. Using a 6.5x50mm Japanese rifle. The original design of this gun has a fatal flaw-it will jam when it meets dirt and dust. In other words, if it encounters this kind of machine gun, it only needs to detonate around with small explosives at will, without hurting others' guns. As long as the dirt and dust are lifted onto the gun, the enemy's machine gun will misfire for an instant. When there is no explosive, the machine rifle will also collect the dust from the fire shooting. Fortunately, our soldiers and civilians avoided many disasters in the Anti-Japanese War. Both Model 96 and Model 99 are modified on the basis of Model 1 1. One of the main reasons for the improvement of Model 96 is to solve the problem of sand jam, but it also brings other problems-the gun is lubricated by bullets, the powder is burnt out, and dust is easy to accumulate at the bolt, thus jamming the gun. That is to say, although the gun is not easy to be caught by the rising sand immediately, it is often stuck after hundreds of bullets. The improvement of Type 99 is to increase the bullet diameter to 7.7x58 mm, which was originally a Type 92 heavy machine gun bullet and could not be used in Japanese rifles. In an infantry class, the caliber of machine rifles is inconsistent, which is a great shortcoming. Type 99 and Type 96 have the same advantages and disadvantages except that the bullet diameter is almost the same. However, this type 99 machine gun appeared very late and its influence is limited, so there is no need to discuss it separately.
1) Easy to get stuck and unreliable.
2) The bullet has small caliber and low penetration. 6.5mm caliber bullets can hit people, but they are not strong enough to cover things. 1000 bullets with a distance of more than 0/00 meters can't break an ordinary sand barrier. As a suppression firearm, this machine gun has low power.
3) It is difficult for an untrained shooter to play well because of his strong recoil.
4) 1 1 The bullet of the machine gun protrudes to one side, and the center of gravity of the whole gun is wrong. Even a well-trained shooter will be tired after shooting for a long time.
Japanese standard rifle, 38 guns, has several advantages. The most important thing is that its trajectory is very stable, which stems from the advantages of its prototype Mao Se. The 6.5x50mm bullet of 38 gun is smaller than the German 7.92x57mm bullet, but its bore speed ratio is higher than that of Mao Se. This makes the 38 gun not inferior to G98 in shooting accuracy and range. At the same time, due to the small bullets, the amount of bullets carried by Japanese soldiers has greatly increased. This.
Since machine guns are not reliable enough and the manufacture and supply consume a lot of resources, it is natural for the Japanese army to give full play to the advantages of rifles. Japanese rifle shooting training has its own national characteristics. Although its basic training had a unified outline, it was still popular in Japan at that time. When new recruits transferred to platoon-level coordinated tactical training, most of them joined the "private goods" of army veterans. These pirated goods are difficult to handle. However, it is very practical. For example, standing and load-bearing objects aim at a distance with guns, light incense burners at night 100 meters, avoid bullets and shooting methods aimed at avoiding bullets, sniper and counter-sniper, defense and counterattack in emergency, etc. After these trainings, most of the ghost soldiers in the early World War II have the shooting level of modern snipers, which is of course a comparison under the same equipment conditions.
In order to further strengthen the long-range suppression ability of riflemen, the Japanese army began to install type 97 sniper rifles from 1937. This gun is optimized from a batch of 38 guns, with 97 bolts and 2.5 times optical sight, and no muffler. Due to the optimization and preparation of the bolt, the accuracy of the 97 gun is better than that of the ordinary 38 gun in the middle and early period of World War II. By the end of World War II, Japan was generally shoddy because of resource constraints. The quality is not guaranteed. This kind of gun is often equipped to squadron level in China war zone, but it has never been heard that it is equipped to any puppet troops. In the war zones in the Pacific and Southeast Asia, it is equipped to the class.
At the same time, aiming at the weakness of the 38-gun, the main problem is the poor penetration of the 38-gun, which is often a clean penetrating wound. Many surviving veterans of World War II have a saying that 38 guns have poor lethality. It seems that few people take the initiative to mention a 38-gun deadly bomb: the bomb. The Japanese army used a large number of bombs in World War II to enhance the lethality of the standard 38 guns. There are two kinds of bombs in 38 cannon: explosive bomb and mercury explosive bomb. The former. It's just that there is a red ring at the root of the warhead, which is called red bullet for short here. Different from the mercury bomb, its warhead has no tip and is platform-shaped, with a purple ring at the root, which is called purple bomb for short. Americans have done experiments, and purple bullets can blast a big hole with a diameter of 3 "when hitting 1/8" high-strength aluminum alloy plate at any distance. After the red bullet hits, the hole is slightly smaller, but it is highly combustible. Death is terrible. Surviving is 65,438+0,000% disabled. I don't want to think of the tragic death of my comrades. Maybe it's the reason why old people don't want to talk about bombs. This bomb violates international conventions. Allied records confirm the old people's stories, but I haven't seen Japanese literature. Maybe there is a river friend with good Japanese who can check it for me.
At the same time, the Japanese army considered the anti-suppression firepower: the infantry class was equipped with a 10 Grenade launcher, which could accurately hit the enemy's suppression firepower points within 200 meters. In general, at least one of the three grenade launchers equipped by Japanese detachments is Type 89, which can hit targets within 700 meters. The Japanese are well trained in using grenade launchers. Although there is no Zhao-style wizard, most old devils can hit the target directly with the third shot after the second card fork.
Bushido advocates attack. The tactics of its infantry platoon are mainly offensive, emphasizing the speed and method of troops meeting the enemy in the March. The tactics of Japanese infantry squads mostly start from a point between 600 and 400 meters (LOD: department line). Infantry teams assembled and grouped in LOD, replenished bullets, and made clear the attack direction and available terrain. Determine the tactical essentials of each group of staged shelters, and then disperse in groups. After the standby gun group enters the first shooting position, each group will move to the first shelter point. After reaching the first point, disperse fire to kill the enemy and cover the movement of the machine gun group. When the machine gun group is in place, suppress the enemy and cover other groups. This cycle. The whole class should stop at 200 meters, disperse the fire of the whole class, and remove the exposed enemy fire points. And troop-intensive positions. At the same time, smoke bombs and light bombs were used to guide the Japanese to fire directly (night battle). There should generally be two strikes here. The first round is a face-to-face attack, eliminating all face-to-face firepower. Then, the concentration of one side caused uneven deployment of the defenders and forced them to maneuver, eliminating the defenders in the maneuver to the maximum extent and preparing for the final attack. The artillery is ready to end, and the infantry will crawl with bayonets.