19 12, funding fund started.
1922, Violet Hedger became the first woman to obtain the qualification as an intern pastor.
1955, the Baptist World Alliance held a commemorative event in London to celebrate its 50th anniversary. After 1600, there were a group of serious scholars who wanted to know the Bible and the truth. They believe that people who join the church should be adults who believe in the Lord and are baptized. At that time, babies were generally baptized. This group emphasizes that only those who believe in Christ can be baptized, and they ask those who have received a little water ceremony to be baptized again.
1600, Dutch separatist refugees were influenced by the Mennonite Society. John Smith, the pastor of the Congregational Society (1554- 16 12), thought that infant baptism was against the teaching of the Bible (although there was no such thing as infant baptism in the Bible, it was recorded in the heritage of the twelve apostles). 1609 He baptized himself and other members of the congregation. They adopted the principle of baptism.
In the church in Leiden, a priest named Henry Jacob (1550- 16 16) returned to England and founded the first Baptist church in Southwark in 16 12. In the same year, the first meeting of the Baptist Church was held in Spitafield, London. Thomas Helwys, the founder of the Baptist Church, published a manifesto on "The Mystery of Sin", which was one of the earliest books calling for religious freedom. In the17th century, Baptists refused to obey and became members of the Church of England. It is emphasized that only Christ, not the king or queen, is the head of the church and persecuted for his faith.
1633, some people quit this church because they were deeply influenced by Calvinism besides adult baptism.
164 1 year, they began to accept baptism as a formal sacrament, and since then, baptism has become a tradition of British Baptists. This school, later called specialty Baptists, was a pioneer in advocating freedom of religious belief.
The Baptist Church in the Netherlands was influenced by the Arminan Doctrine. Aminius doctrine does not accept "fatalism"; Those Baptists who accepted the teachings of Arminius were later called ordinary Baptists.
After Queen Elizabeth came to power, the state religion fought with other separatists for decades. These Protestant "dissidents" finally gained freedom of religious belief. According to the Tolerance Law of A.D. 1689, anyone willing to do the following can worship freely:
(1) Pledge allegiance to William and Mary.
(2) Rejecting the authority of the Pope, the theory of transmutation, mass and praying to the Virgin and saints.
(3) Accept the "Sanjiu creed". Open Protestant denominations in Britain. These dissidents included Presbyterians, Catholics, Baptists and Quakers, who together accounted for about one-tenth of the total population of Britain at that time.
When the Presbyterian Church meets the Gong Li Sect, they sing verse poems; Baptists were the first to sing hymns in church. It was implemented by Ben Kiachi (1640- 1704) in the special Baptist church in the suburb of London on 1673. He wrote hymns for public worship, and 169 1 year published 300 soul songs. Due to the lack of content, it has not been handed down. But the way he sings hymns in church is widely used.
Baptists emphasize the independent spirit of local churches and establish individual local churches according to the lessons inspired by the New Testament. Local churches are responsible to God separately, and they do not interfere with each other, but respect each other. There are many similarities between Korean Sect and Baptist Sect. Apart from advocating that the church should be independent, they do not attach importance to creed. This is worse for Baptists than Gong Li, because they refuse to be bound by creed.
1792, william carey founded the Baptist Church (BMS), which is well known to later generations.
18 12, in Dr. Ripon's parish chapel in London, the group discussed the formation of the Baptist Alliance.
18 13, the first baptist meeting was held in London.
1832, baptist alliance structure completed.
1837, George Cousins was the first West Indian priest reported to preside over the clergy in England.
1854, the most famous Baptist missionary Si Buzhen (1834- 1892) began his missionary career. /kloc-In the second half of the 9th century, Si Buzhen preached in full swing. He belongs to the Baptist Sect, but he doesn't believe in baby baptism. He is an authentic Calvinist Sect.
1855, the later Baptist Times appeared for the first time.
189 1 year, the British Baptist Union consists of ordinary baptists and special baptists.
European Baptist Union
The European Baptist Federation (EBF) includes 770,000 Baptists from 52 federations and associations, 7 affiliated churches and networks. From Portugal to distant Russia, this big family covers all Baptists in Eurasia, the Middle East and the Near East. In these countries where there is no formal association, the European Baptist Union has been working hard to strengthen the relationship between the parties. Introduce to North America
Baptists were introduced to North America with Puritan immigrants in the 1930s from 65438 to 2007, mainly special redemption Baptists. /kloc-After the 8th century, this faction began a joint movement, but this trend was interrupted by the slavery movement in the 1930s and 40s of the 9th century. Due to their different attitudes towards slavery, the North and the South split. From 65438 to 0845, Southern Baptist Church was established in the southern states of the United States. 1907, the northern churches jointly established the northern baptist church. With the end of the American Civil War and the publication of the Emancipation Declaration, Baptists strengthened their missionary work among blacks, established black churches and churches, and trained black priests. 1880, the national organization of black believers, the American National Baptist Church, was established. 19 16, the "National Congress of American Baptist Church" split from the association.
American Baptist Church
After World War II, most Baptists in the United States still belong to the two major churches, the North and the South. The number of Baptists in North China is relatively small, with about 1984 followers, and the struggle between fundamentalists and modernists is fierce. This struggle largely determines the future development path of the association. In its 1946 National Congress, fundamentalists preemptively tried to impose the creed of "the Bible is infallible" on the church, tried to control the leadership of important committees such as missionary work and education, and weakened the relationship with the World Federation of Christian Churches, which was rejected. The meeting reiterated that the New Testament is the authoritative norm of God's records and beliefs, and stressed that different sects should strengthen cooperation. Since then, fundamentalist forces have never gained the upper hand in the North Baptist Church. In 1950s, some fundamentalists and moderates withdrew one after another to form new groups. Since then, the Northern Baptist Church has always had an obvious liberal color. In view of the fact that the geographical boundary between North and South has lost its practical significance, the Northern Baptist Church was renamed American Baptist Church on 1950. The association has vigorously expanded its missionary work, and its social influence and economic strength are increasing day by day. However, due to the internal dispersion and the shortage of clergy, the growth of the number of believers lags far behind the population growth in the United States during the same period. In order to reverse this phenomenon, the Association has set up an executive secretary, who is responsible for the overall coordination of educational affairs. Later, it merged some missionary organizations, strengthened the ties between special members and actively developed relations with other churches and sects. In social politics, it attaches great importance to war and peace, opposes the settlement of international disputes by war, advocates the peaceful use of nuclear energy, gives full play to the role of the United Nations, ends the Cold War and makes peace with the Soviet Union. The association once declared that the church has a "clear responsibility to carry out firm spiritual resistance to capitalism through various legal means". But it also opposes the threat of McCarthyism hysteria to freedom. In view of the increasingly obvious racial discrimination and racial contradictions in American society, the church has long expressed its demand to oppose racial discrimination and take action to improve racial relations. Since the mid-1960s, the situation at home and abroad in the United States has been turbulent. In this situation, the association pays more attention to social secularization, urbanization, ethnic relations and women. Driven by the American black civil rights movement, the church called for the resolute elimination of racial segregation in the church, and all churches and their pastor positions were open to all races; And ask believers to abide by the civil rights act 1964. In international relations, the church appeals to help developing countries and relieve the victims of apartheid in South Africa.
1972 The English name of American Baptist Church was changed to American Baptist Church .. In the 1980s, it was considered as an intermediate church because it contained many different theological schools, from liberalism to fundamentalism. The ethnic composition of believers is complex, and the number of minority believers exceeds 1/3. In the organizational structure, it emphasizes taking care of and reflecting the wishes of believers of different components, and fully respects the freedom of local churches. And attaches great importance to the movement of universal church unity and dialogue with other sects, so it is called pluralistic church in the United States. In the 1980s, the missionary plan was implemented, and 500 new churches were built in 10, and millions of dollars were allocated for this purpose. However, little progress has been made and the number of believers has only remained unchanged.
American Baptist Church
After the war, the development of Baptists in the southern United States was the highest among American Protestant groups. The rapid growth of its followers and the duration of its development are outstanding. With the improvement of industrialization and the increase of population mobility in southern states, more and more southerners flow to cities or states such as California and Arizona, followed by the Southern Baptist Church, which established new churches, developed theological education, trained new priests and absorbed Protestants. As a result, the number of believers in the association has greatly increased. From 1950 to 1955, its followers increased by19.7%; From 1955 to 1960, it increased by14.8%; By 1972, there were120,000 believers and 34,534 churches. By 1983, the number of believers had grown to140,000, and the number of churches reached 3653 1. To 1989, believers 1472267 1, church 37238. The number of students enrolled in its seminary and its affiliated schools has increased greatly, and its fiscal revenue and total budget have also increased. Now, the Baptist Church is far from being a regional church in the south, but has become the largest Protestant church group in the United States.
The increase of Baptist believers is not unrelated to the change of theological views around 1960 s. After the 1960s, under the impact of the trend of social change, there was a strong call for the church to keep pace with the times, and its conservative position began to loosen. In addition to adhering to the authority of the Bible and the traditional creed, it adopted a more tolerant attitude towards other theological ideas existing in the church, and no longer suppressed them by coercive means. From the mid-1960s to the 1970s, evangelicals with some liberal colors dominated social theology and were called moderates. During this period, the number of Baptists increased even more, and their political attitude became more open. However, traditional conservatives and fundamentalists have not reconciled. 1979, they fought for power and profit and tried their best to pull the association to the right. The core theological position of conservatives is the so-called "Bible is infallible" theory. They often call people who disagree with this theological view liberals. In order to end the situation that moderates dominated the leadership of Baptists, conservatives launched an offensive from two aspects: seizing the leadership of the church and expanding the influence of their theological views. Since 1979, the chairman of the Southern Baptist Church has been a conservative for one year. By taking advantage of the chairman's actual appointment power to the leaders of important institutions, conservatives gradually controlled many key institutions. The balance of power between conservatives and moderates in the central leadership is increasingly favorable to the former. By 1987, the administrative committees and overseas missionary committees of Southern Baptist Church and five of the six seminaries had been controlled by conservatives. In order to strengthen its theological influence, conservatives also took some measures. From 65438 to 0985, the Baptist Church established a "Peace Committee" to mediate the differences within the church and find a solution through its activities. However, two years later, the report of the Committee clearly affirmed the conservative theory of "the Bible is infallible". Moderates have always had a strong foundation in Baptist seminaries, so conservatives have strengthened their control over seminaries. They used many methods to strengthen their signatures on the creed of theological views. Dissenting teachers are often in danger of being fired. In order to strengthen the control of local churches, the Southern Baptist Church in 1988 passed the resolution that "secular believers are all priests", which means that individual believers can stick to their conservative views and claim that this principle is not in contradiction with the duties and authority of priests. In the face of fierce opposition from moderates, moderates accused conservatives of their greed for power, and demanded strict compliance with the Baptist tradition of respecting freedom, including personal freedom to interpret the Bible. And advocate the cooperation and unity of different factions in the missionary cause. Generally speaking, moderate activities are weak. Its influence has been weakened by the exclusion of conservatives, and there are also internal differences on how to reverse the situation. In order to accumulate strength, many moderates also set up the "Southern Baptist Alliance". However, most moderate clergy and believers did not quit and were willing to be so-called "faithful opponents" in the Baptist Church. In short, the Baptist Church in the 1980s was basically dominated by conservatives, theologically fundamentalist and politically closely related to American conservative forces. The Baptist League even declared that "Baptists are now fundamentalist churches". Years of internal struggle have brought some adverse effects to Baptists, such as the gradual increase of believers and the decrease of enrollment in theological seminaries.
Since World War II, the relationship between Baptists and other sects and domestic social problems have changed in different periods, but the general trend is to gradually break the state of self-isolation. After the war, it was interested in the unified movement of the universe. 1947 set up a special organization to study the relationship with Baptists and oppose the government's expansion of troops to prepare for war. But with the growth of fundamentalist forces, in the early 1950s, they turned to attack the United Movement and the United Arab League, and resolutely opposed capitalism in politics. In the 1960s, under the leadership of moderate leaders, the Association expressed its concern about social issues, supported the black civil rights movement, demanded a peaceful solution to the Vietnam War, paid attention to abortion and homosexuality, and welcomed the relaxation of international tensions and the negotiations between the United States and the Soviet Union on limiting strategic weapons.
Baptists have always attached importance to missionary work. Although there are great internal differences, they agree on missionary work, and it proposes to realize "global evangelization".
In addition, Baptists have a great influence on African-Americans. Most black Christians belong to this Sect, and there are church groups specially set up for blacks. They are: National Baptist Church and National Baptist Church. By the 1990s, the former had more than 2.6 million fans, while the latter had about 5.5 million fans. There are about 20 million black believers and more than 30 black churches in the United States.
In Europe, the Soviet Union is a country with a large number of Baptists. After the war, the number of Baptists increased, and Baptists joined forces with evangelical Christians and Pentecostalists to form the "Gospel and Baptist Federation". In the third world, Baptists, which were previously funded and controlled by western churches, became independent one after another, and most of them achieved autonomy. Some Baptists in Latin America tend to be conservative. Take the Baptist Church in Brazil as an example. It never participates in the activities of the World Federation of Christian Churches, nor does it approve of the universal movement. It is only keen on evangelism.
Canadian Baptist Association
The Western Baptist Association of Canada (WCBF) was established by independent Baptists in Alberta, British Columbia and Saskatchewan, Canada, because pastors and churches have unique needs. 1in the spring of 992, an understanding was reached in Swift Cullen, Saskatchewan. 1994, the relationship was formally established at the first annual meeting. Shanghai area
Baptism was originally a branch of Puritanism in England. Based on the doctrine of Calvinism, it insisted on the immersion ceremony when baptizing, so that the baptized person could be immersed in water. In the 20th century, there were more than 32 million Baptists in the world, more than 90% of whom were in the United States. The American Baptist Church is divided into two missions: the Baptist Church in the northern part of the United States was introduced to China in the 16th year of Daoguang (1836), mainly in coastal provinces and southwest China; Southern American Baptists were introduced to China in the 26th year of Daoguang (1846), mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangsu, Shandong and other places. Although the Baptist Church is divided into North and South, many undertakings are jointly organized.
In August of the 27th year of Daoguang (1September, 847), the American Baptist Church sent the missionary Yan Matai and his wife to Shanghai, and the Baptist Church was introduced to Shanghai. In the same year, another couple, Toby and Rev. J.L.Shuck, came to Shanghai. 10 (165438+ 10), six missionaries and two China people (Mr. and Mr. Huang) formed the First Baptist Church of Shanghai and the First Baptist Church of East China from Guangzhou, which was called the First Baptist Church of Old North Gate.
Before the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), the First Baptist Church of the Old North Gate had several services every week. Although many people attended the meeting, only more than 20 people were baptized. One of them, Huang Pinsan, who taught Chinese to missionaries, was baptized in Tongzhi for five years (1866) and was appointed as a priest. During the nearly 20 years from the third year of Xianfeng (1853) to the ninth year of Tongzhi (1870), the missionaries of Shanghai Baptist Church were mainly Yan Matai and his wife. In the third year of Xianfeng (1853), Yan Matai was unable to carry out missionary work, and compiled a dictionary of Shanghai dialect for later missionaries to learn Shanghai dialect.
In the 12th year of Tongzhi (1873), Yan Matai was appointed as the vice consul of the United States in Shanghai. In the 12th year of Guangxu (1886), Wan Yingyuan and Mei Lin came to China. In the 14th year of Guangxu (1888), Yan Matai died and his translation of the New Testament in Shanghai dialect was published. In the autumn of the 26th year of Guangxu (1990), Wan Yingyuan applied to the mission to set up a chapel at the bottom of Sichuan North Road (now Sichuan North Road) and named it Huai 'en Hall, which was the second Baptist Church in Shanghai. In 14 (1925), a new church, Shihuai Hall, was built in Zhabei Baptist Village, mainly for teachers and students of Qiang Ming Middle School and Moyan Girls' Middle School to worship. At that time, more than 60,000 Cantonese people were doing business in Shanghai because they couldn't hear the word because of the language barrier. In the 9th year of the Republic of China (1920), Shanghai Guangdong Baptist Church was established in Luo Lu (now Xinxiang Road) in Baibao, and preached in Cantonese. In the 23rd year of the Republic of China (1934), Zhao Jinqing bought land in Fahua Town to build Huaiben Hall. In the 36th year of the Republic of China (1947), Yan Matai came to Shanghai 100. During the preparatory period of Fuxi Road (now Yan 'an Middle Road), he was personable.
/kloc-at the end of 0/9, the American delegation from the North Baptist Church came to Shanghai. In the 29th year of Guangxu (1893), the Zhenshentang was established in Xiaodongmen. Most of its followers are businessmen from Ningbo, Zhoushan and Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, who come to Shanghai to do business. Soon, they bought a house in Tanggu Road, Hongkou, and named it Zhenshentang. In the 9th year of the Republic of China (1920), some believers of the True God Church were separated from it, and Shanghai North Baptist Church was established by Shen Ai Church on Sichuan North Road. In the Republic of China 14 (1925), Shanghai North Baptist Church purchased land on Baoshan Road and built its own new church. However, it was robbed twice in a row and has been used as a place of worship by the preparatory office of the YMCA ever since.
In the seventh year of Guangxu (188 1), the southern Baptist Church established churches such as Kunshan and Suzhou in the form of going to the countryside to preach, and then opened Wuxi parish, and then expanded to Zhenjiang and Yangzhou. During the 90 years from 1847 to 1937, the number of Baptists increased from 1 main station (Shanghai) to Suzhou (built in 1883) and Zhenjiang (built in 18965438+).
1925, the Baptist Church established a parliament composed of priests, deacons, secretaries, treasurers and ministers. Deacons are divided into annual deacons and lifelong deacons.
North and South Baptists jointly established a university in Shanghai, covering an area of 165 mu. In the 31st year of Guangxu (1906 65438+ 10), Shinto Baptist College was first established, and Wan Yingyuan was the first dean of Shinto College. Xuantongyuannian (1February, 909 10) 1 October 20th, Baptist University officially opened, and was named Hujiang University in 19 15. Qiang Ming Middle School and Mo Yan Girls' Middle School, which were run by Baptists in the early years, moved to Zhabei Baptist Village on 1920. In addition, she also set up a German-style girls' middle school in the Old North Gate, and set up a 1 German-style girls' middle school for Guangdong students, with the post-high school in Maoming North Road.
North and South Baptists also co-organized the Chinese Baptist Bookstore. 1932, Shanghai Zhenguang Mansion was completed, with 8 floors, Baptist Press and other offices, publishing Zhenguang monthly and other church books.
Qingdao area
In 1858, Pastor Hua was sent to Yantai, and in 1860, Pastor Hai Yaxi was sent to Dengzhou (now Penglai) to preach. With this as the center, the activities of the Association cover Huangxian, Zhaoyuan, Pingdu, Yexian, Jimo, Laiyang, Shouguang, Jinan, Jining and other places. During this period, missionaries Muladi and others came to China one after another to help Lin preach.
189 1 year, Hai Yaxi established the "North China Baptist Church" in Shaling Village, Pingdu County. American pastor Cui Yu 19 16 came to Qingdao to open a parish and set up a Baptist chapel on Jining Road on 1923. After Cui's death, Newton, Tao Zhefei and Lou Han successively came to Qingdao to preach. By 1936, there were 84 churches in North China, including 33 in Pingdu District and 5 in Qingdao District. Qingdao District has five places: Qingdao, Shouguang, Houzhen, Dongjiaying and Anjiazhuang. The American missionary Tao Zhe was not responsible, and the missionaries were Gao Dezheng, Wei Xiangyuan and Sergeant Zhang. During 1937, the Japanese army invaded China on a large scale. Due to the inconvenient transportation, many villages have lost contact, and only Qingdao and Jinan are still gathering. 194 1 year, American missionaries in China were detained by the Japanese, and the work of Southern Baptist Church stopped.
After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, the North China Baptist Parliament was reorganized into North China Baptist Church, and Qingdao District was set as Qing (Island), that is, (Mo) and Shou (Guang) District. Its churches were expanded from five to 14: Qingdao Jining Road Baptist Church, Pingyin Road Baptist Church, Laoling Road Baptist Church, Zhongjiawa Baptist Church, Dongzhen Baptist Church and songshan road Baptist Church. American missionaries include Nick Lee, John Sun, Sun Yide (female), couple, Gao Hede couple, (female), Nie Dejia (female), Guo (female), Ke, Ke Oulin (female), An Yusen, Wei (female), Mo couple, etc.
1948 In March, Qingdao Baptist Federation was established at No.31Jining Road, with Pastor Wang Jifa as its president. Jurisdiction over Jining Road, Dongzhen Road, Taizhan Road, Pingyin Road, songshan road, Leling Road Baptist Church, Sifang Jianguo New Village, Laoshan Hippo City and Houjiazhuang Gospel Hall.
After the liberation of Qingdao, American Southern Baptist missionaries withdrew in July 1950, and only Zhang Baoling stayed, and left Qingdao in the summer of 195 1. At that time, there were 8 churches and 2 evangelical churches in Qingdao: Jining Road, Laoling Road, Fanxian Road, Furong Road, Taizhan Road, songshan road Baptist Church, Sichuan Road, Xing 'an Road Evangelical Church, jimo city Baptist Church and Shouguang Baptist Church.
195 1 February, the preparatory Committee for the "three-self" innovation of Baptist Church was established, with Reverend Li Ai 'ai as its chairman. 1956 September 18, the Baptist Church held a working meeting of the North China Baptist Church in Furong Road Baptist Church, Qingdao, reorganized the North China Baptist Church and established the "Shandong Baptist Preparatory Committee". Song Shouzong was elected as the chairman and Tong, Xie Paul and Fan as the vice-chairmen. 1958, Christianity held a joint meeting and Shandong Baptist Church was revoked.
North American Baptist Church, founded by American pastor skrine Berg on 1946, came to 69 Hengtai Road, Qingdao. 1948, American missionary Bao Dachuan made Fu Shun and Xu cooperate to establish the North American Baptist Church, with 57 followers and Xu as priests. After the liberation of Qingdao, American missionaries returned to China. 195 1, Xu applied to cancel the North American Baptist mission.
American Independent Baptist Church, 1937, missionary Luan Shiduo came to Qingdao from Tai 'an, first rented a house with pastor Liu Mei Village on Cangkou Avenue to preach, and then rented a house with Hu Lunsheng on Cangkou Baisong Road to preach. 1938, Luan Shiduo purchased Room 57 18, Beiyingzi Village, Cangkou, and established a church. 194 1 year 1 1 month, Luan Shiduo returned to the United States due to illness, and the church was run by believers, named "China Christian Self-reliance Baptist Church". 1947, believers raised funds to build five large churches at No.57 Zi Ying Village, 1958, and the congregation merged into Cangkou Avenue 137 (now Liu Si Middle Road 186).
1940, American pastor Paul established the Baptist Church at No.242 Shimeian Village, Cangkou. After the Pacific War broke out, Paul returned to China and the church was run by believers. 195 1 year to stop the party.
1947 In February, Wu Derui, an American missionary of our association, came to Qingdao and founded the Baptist Church at No.30 Shimen Road, Cangkou, with about 40 followers. Wu Derui 1949 returned to China, 195 1 Association cancelled.
Ruihua Baptist Church, 189 1, Swedish Christian Baptist Church sent pastor Wen to China to establish Ruihua Baptist Church. The following spring, the Wen family went to Jiaoxian as a missionary area with pastor John (Swedish). 1899 On April 30th, John baptized the first four Christians in the river outside the east gate of Jiaoxian County. At that time, the Christian Baptist Church was established and later joined the "North China Christian Baptist Church". 1902, the 12th Congress of North China Baptist Church was held in Jiaoxian County. 1920, Ruihua Baptist Church had four churches, which formed Ruihua Baptist Parliament. Its first parliament was held in Jiaoxian Baptist Church on 1920 12 10. 1922 The second parliament produced the "Shandong Ruihua Baptist Parliament", and 1940 held 20 meetings.
194 1 year, the church established 12 churches in Jiaoxian, Pingdu, Jimo, Jiaonan, Zhucheng, Rizhao and Gaomi, including 94 churches and missionary offices. There are 40 Swedish missionaries and some American and Norwegian missionaries, pastor China 10 (pastor China was founded in 1920), 92 missionaries, more than 6,700 followers, 39 primary and secondary schools, hospitals, clinics, orphanages and many other places.
After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, Swedish priests Li Enbo, Gohel, Hedkwei and Begley came to Qingdao in 1948 and lived at Hunan Road 13, where Ruihua Christian Baptist Church was also located.
After the liberation of Qingdao, foreign missionaries left Qingdao for home on 1950 ~ 195 1, and their missionary work ended.