brief introduction

The Royal Palace in England. Built in the city of Westminster, it is located in the west of St. James' Park in London, named after 1703 Duke Buckingham. It was originally called Buckingham Palace, which means "other people's home". 176 1 was bought by King George III of England as the queen's residence, which was then called Ban Diez Ray. 1825, George IV was rebuilt as a palace. The king of England has lived here since 1837. Queen Victoria was the first monarch to live here. Buckingham Palace has more than 600 halls, including banquet hall, ceremony hall, concert hall, gallery, library and royal philatelic room, and has a large collection of paintings and furniture. There is also a royal garden covering an area of about 40 acres, in front of which there is a monument to Queen Victoria.

history

Buckingham Palace is located between St James's Palace and Victoria Railway Station. It was built by the Duke of Buckingham in 1703, so it is called "Buckingham Palace". This is/kloc-a luxurious architectural style in the early stage of the 0/9th century, and its huge scale is even more noticeable than its gorgeous appearance. 1702, the Duke of Buckingham began to build his first house, which was sold to George III 60 years later and became the residence of the royal family. 176 1 year, which was expanded by George III. The transformation from Buckingham Palace to Buckingham Palace was completed by George IV and his respected architect john nash.

After Queen Victoria ascended the throne in 1837, she officially became the palace, and Buckingham Palace has since become the residence of the British royal family. 1847 runs through the left and right wings, and the main entrance road, the marble archway, is moved to this address. From 65438 to 0863, it became the bedroom of the British monarch, integrating office and home functions.

architectural style

The palace is a four-story cube gray building with a royal badge hanging from the solemn front door. It is the center of imperial power, surrounded by railings. There are many statues in the square in front of the palace, and the Victoria Memorial Hall expanded by Edward VII. The golden statue of the goddess of victory stands on a high marble platform, shining as if it were about to fall from the sky. The golden angel on the statue of Queen Victoria represents the royal family's hope to create Victorian glory again. There are more than 600 halls and rooms in the palace, such as ceremony hall, concert hall, banquet hall and gallery. In addition, the vast imperial garden is full of beautiful flowers. If the flag of the emperor is flying directly above the palace, it means that the queen is still in the palace. If not, it means that the queen is out. Today, the Queen summons the Prime Minister and ministers, receives and entertains visiting foreign heads of state or government, and accepts credentials from foreign envoys, and other important state affairs are held in the palace. In addition, the head of state who came to Britain for a state visit also lived in the palace. The palace is guarded by a royal guard in full dress. At present, the owner of Buckingham Palace is Elizabeth II, born in 1926, the eldest daughter of George III.

The whole Buckingham Palace is surrounded by iron railings. There is a square outside the iron railing of the main building of Buckingham Palace. In the center of the square stands a Victoria gilded statue monument, surrounded by four groups of stone carvings. On the west side of the palace are the main rooms in the palace, the largest of which is the Royal Ballroom, which was built in 1850 and was specially built for Queen Victoria. There is a huge crystal chandelier hanging in the hall. The blue living room is considered to be the most elegant room in the palace. There is a "command table" made for Napoleon I. After Nash failed, Louis Stanislas Xavier presented this table to the then British Regent George IV. The white living room is decorated with white and gold, with exquisite furniture and luxurious carpets, mostly works of art by British and French craftsmen. There is a crystal chandelier hanging in the audience room, and the top of the surrounding wall is painted with the scene of15th century wars of the roses. The middle throne was used by the Queen and her husband, the Duke of Edinburgh, when they were crowned in 1953. The four seats used by Queen Victoria and George IV when they were crowned were also kept indoors. The roof of the palace music room is round and decorated with ivory and gold. Queen Victoria and Prince Albert once held a music evening here.

The Palace Garden covers an area of about 18 hectares and was designed by George IV. There are lakes, grasslands, paths and all kinds of flowers and trees in the park. Every summer, the Queen holds a garden reception in the garden, inviting representatives from all walks of life, celebrities and diplomats from various countries in London to attend.

Buckingham Palace is currently open to the public in three places:

The first is the changing ceremony;

The Royal Guard of Buckingham Palace will hold a changing ceremony from April to September from 1 1:30 to 12:00, and it will be held every two days in other months at 1 1:30, with various processions and gunfire. It is open to the public in August and September every year, and ordinary people can enter the palace at this time. Buckingham Palace is open to tourists, such as the throne room, concert hall and national restaurant. It is often hard to get a ticket, so it is best to make an appointment by phone first.

2. The Queen's Art Museum is located in the south of the palace;

The museum collects royal art treasures and has been open to the public since 1962.

Third, the royal stables (jiù).

Buckingham Palace

Speaking of palaces, I must have heard of the name-Buckingham Palace. This is a mysterious palace with a long reputation. Yes, now let's covet its elegance together.

Buckingham Palace is a magnificent building, located at the west end of St James's office in London, England. It is named after the building of Duke Buckingham 1705. It was purchased by George III at 1726. It used to be the royal memorial hall, art exhibition hall, office and treasury, and 1825 was converted into a palace building. 1837, Ms. Victoria officially became the palace after she ascended the throne, and it is still the royal residence of Queen Elizabeth. The Queen summoned the Prime Minister and ministers, and received and entertained foreign guests and other important activities, all of which were held here.

Buckingham Palace is decorated with stones 193 1. From the outside, its splendor has attracted the attention of many tourists. However, the most attractive thing is its interior. This palace is very big. It has more than 600 halls and rooms, and houses many oil paintings and exquisite mahogany furniture. In the lobby of the Art Museum, there are more than 65,438+000 portraits and busts of British emperors, creating a strong distortion of England in the 65,438+08 and 65,438+09 centuries. In the square in front of the palace, there are golden statues of the goddess of victory and the statue of Queen Victoria, in addition to a 40-acre royal garden.

Speaking of the first generation of Duke Buckingham, let's talk about the Three Musketeers written by the French writer Dumas, because the first generation of Duke Buckingham is an important figure among the Three Musketeers. He is both the British Prime Minister and the lover of the Queen of France and Princess Anna of Austria. After the death of his last descendant 1703, the last queen of Stuart dynasty awarded the title of Duke of Buckingham to Count Murgrave. A few years before that, he got Arlington's residence and renamed it Buckingham Palace at this time. Later, George IV, the most extravagant monarch in British history, transformed a country apartment of the Duke of Buckingham into a real palace, and spent 432,000 pounds to make it magnificent. The newly-built palace is basically the side of Buckingham Palace facing the garden. It was not until 1845, under the rule of Queen Victoria, that today's royal apartment was built: the palaces on both sides of its north wing and south wing were expanded into a square palace. There is a large balcony on the east facade, which is the traditional appearance of royal family members. The last renovation cost is the least: 6.5438+0.5 million. During the 150 years after purchasing this place, the palace has been built several times. The British monarch finally owned the supreme palace.

Elizabeth II is undoubtedly the queen who has lived here the longest. From 1936 to 1947, she and her sister live on the third floor of the square building, which is the right side of the main entrance. Five years later, she came back here as a queen, and lived with her husband and their four children on the second floor of the North Wing, which was the private suite where her parents used to live.

Standing in front of the iron fence outside Xiamen Palace, facing the fence, straight through the northwest corner, this is the best angle to watch the North Wing Palace, and it is also the private suite of the Queen of England, which is her "home". The Queen's private suite is divided into two parts: one is her daily work area, including her reception hall and office, and only this part of the window is arched. The other part includes her private dining room, bedroom, bathroom and wardrobe. The design of this palace can be described as complicated, and there is a sinkhole!

In the past ten years, Buckingham Palace, the oldest and most luxurious part, has attracted tourists from all over the world to participate in this summer.

palace of westminster

brief introduction

Strolling along the Thames in London, England, you will be attracted by a long and magnificent building. This is the Palace of Westminster, also known as the Houses of Parliament, where both houses of the British Parliament are located. Located on the west bank of the Thames, Westminster Palace was built in 750 AD (Tudor era) and covers an area of 8 acres. It is the largest Gothic building in the world. It used to be the royal palace in England. From 1 1 to1in the 6th century, all the kings of England lived here. Now most of its area has been occupied by the parliament building, but it is still customarily called the Palace of Westminster. There were two fires in 1834 and 194 1, and most of the original buildings were destroyed. After reconstruction, it became a model of the world parliament building. In the 1980s, the British government spent more than one million pounds and hundreds of thousands of taels of gold to overhaul the bell tower and other places, making it look brand-new. The Palace of Westminster 1987 is listed as a world cultural heritage.

The Palace of Westminster is a masterpiece of British romantic architecture, the first masterpiece of Gothic revival in large public buildings, and the symbol of the prosperity of the whole romantic architecture at that time. The harmonious integration of the overall modeling fully embodies the rich feelings of romantic architectural style. Its plane is along the north-south direction of the Thames, and its population is located on the west side. Especially along the Thames, its facade is stable and changeable, with contrast in coordination, forming a unified and rich image, which is a typical performance of Victorian Gothic, revealing the complex psychology and rich emotions of romantic architecture. On the one hand, its interior is famous for the decoration and furnishings designed by Parkin, on the other hand, it is also famous for collecting a large number of murals, paintings, sculptures and other artistic works, and is known as the "behind-the-scenes art museum" with high level of works. As the largest Gothic building in the world, the grandeur of the Palace of Westminster is unparalleled. Seen from Westminster Bridge or the other side of the Thames, its uncanny workmanship is amazing.

The roof of Westminster Palace is gilded, and the spire is towering and elegant. At the southern end of the palace, there is a huge and towering Victoria Tower, which is as high as 102 meters and has an all-stone structure. It is used to store parliamentary documents and files, and the White House gate under the tower is only used by the king of England. The northeast corner of the palace is the famous bell tower, which is 97 meters high and breaks the straight outline of the palace. Big Ben at the top of the bell tower is a device to report standard time to the world. The diameter of each side of this big clock is 6. The 7-meter disk is inlaid with 3 12 pieces of ivory glass, and the hour hand weighing tens of kilograms is 2. 7 meters, minute hand length 4. 27 meters, weighing 305 kilograms, the total weight is more than 2 1 ton. Made by Sir Benjamin, it was named "Big Ben". At first, every time the string was strung, a strong man had to pedal for eight hours in a row, and someone had to knock the time with a steel mallet. 19 13 converted to electric, 1923 began to broadcast the bell for BBC, and the exact time was 8 1 time every day. It is this big Ben that rings the bell of London station, which can be heard by radios all over the world.

Westminster Palace has 14 halls. In the center of the palace is an octagonal central hall, which forms the north-south and east-west axes. Above the main hall stands a 9 1 meter-high lighting tower, which constitutes the vertical center of the whole palace. From the central hall to the house of lords in Nantong, and then to the house of commons in the north. In the halls and corridors of the two houses, there are many large murals and sculptures with the theme of history and fairy tales. The display of the whole building embodies the palace style, magnificent and solemn. The upper and lower houses of parliament have two houses respectively. The conference hall of the House of Lords is decorated in red and fully furnished. The House of Commons has a green tone.

The service facilities in the palace, such as library, conference hall, dining room and office space, as well as relevant government management institutions are arranged around a series of courtyards.

Although the Palace of Westminster has been rebuilt several times, the "Westminster Hall", which is a part of the Palace of Westminster, is a real monument. It is the only remaining building of 1097. Westminster Hall is more than 60 meters long and 27 meters high. 5 meters, oak beam, originally built by a prince in William Ⅰ the Conqueror. The existing buildings have a history of more than 500 years. This hall is not open to the public. When Parliament meets regularly during the day, a British flag flies from the spire.

The exquisite and spectacular British Parliament is really breathtaking. However, when you walk into Westminster Abbey, a gothic building in Parliament, you will not only marvel at the architectural art here, but also be deeply impressed by the profound historical and cultural heritage here.

history

In 2 15, 18 barons formed an anti-kingship organization, which forced King John of England (landless king) to sign the Magna Carta of British Freedom, laying the foundation of British constitutional monarchy. A few years later, Baron Simon demont Ford, one of the founders of the opposition party, initiated and convened the first British Parliament in British history. However, despite its long history, Parliament has no fixed office space for a long time, and meetings can only be held in the old Westminster Auditorium or with the monks of Westminster Abbey. Only in 1547 did the British parliament have its own fixed office in St. Stephen's Chapel in the Old Palace of Westminster, which was the main palace of the British king before16th century.

In order to make it suitable for parliamentary meetings, the chapel was completely rebuilt, adding seats and corridors, and of course changing its original architectural style. In addition, you can only enter the church through Westminster Hall, the seat of the British Supreme Court. However, despite many inconveniences, the House of Commons held a meeting in St. Stephen's Church until the fire at 1834. After that, the House of Commons was in a state of no fixed office space.

After the fire, the temporary Council meeting continued in the less damaged part of Westminster Hall. Architect milk suggested rebuilding two temporary buildings on the ruins of the parliament building destroyed by the fire to hold the meeting. After that, architects began to work hard to make the best use of some buildings left after the fire. The former upper house building was restored for the use of the lower house of parliament, and the gallery became the place where the upper house held its own upper house meeting.

But in the summer of 1835, a special committee was set up and decided to rebuild the Palace of Westminster on the original site. It is rumored that the site selection at that time was largely based on security issues. Because in the case of the people's uprising at that time, the new parliament hall on the Thames would not anger the uprising people. It is suggested that the palace should adopt Gothic or Elizabethan architectural style, because these two architectural styles are the main architectural styles of British secular architecture at the end of 16.

97 design schemes entered the competition, of which 9 1 was designed according to Gothic style. Finally, a young architect named Charles Berry stood out. At that time, he was already a designer of several famous buildings. Except for several halls for the meetings of the upper and lower houses of parliament, the grand ceremony hall should be planned in advance when the parliament opens every year, when the king and his wife will announce the opening of parliament here. In addition, there are rooms for voting, corridors connected with the central hall, libraries and restaurants, and many other auxiliary rooms. Charles Berry skillfully integrated all these numerous courtyards, rooms and corridors.

Aerial view of Westminster Palace and the British Parliament built in 1840 ~ 1870. In front of Westminster Abbey, St Stephen's Hall is in the middle, followed by Big Ben and the Thames.

1837, the terraces along the banks of the River Thames began to be built. Three years later, Charles Berry's wife laid the foundation stone for the new Westminster Palace. The Palace of Westminster, now called Parliament, is located in the center of London and is one of the largest buildings in the world. According to some people's point of view, it is one of the main places of interest in the British capital. As I Tyne described it: "Although the architecture here keeps repeating a theme and does not show obvious originality, its main achievement is that it is not a replica of Greek or southern architecture, but Gothic and adapts to the local climate and modern requirements." Magnificent buildings are reflected on the sparkling river, the melodious bell of the bell tower is heard in the distance, and many spires and crenels are looming in the dense fog of London.

Building structure

The Palace of Westminster, located on the Thames in London, England, is the largest Gothic building in the world. The House of Commons and Parliament, the highest legislative body in Britain, are located here, so the Palace of Westminster is also called Parliament House or Parliament House.

The Palace of Westminster faces the Thames in the east, extends along the Thames in the north-south direction, and the main entrance faces west, covering an area of about 32 hectares. The main building is three rows of 287-meter-long palace buildings, and the two ends and the middle are connected by seven horizontal buildings to form a whole. There are two towers in the southwest corner and northeast corner of the palace. The Victoria Tower in the southwest corner is 22 meters long and 22 meters wide. 9 meters, 102 meters high, all-stone structure, internal * * * points 1 1 floor, because it is not afraid of fire, it is used to store important parliamentary documents and archives. The square tower in the northeast corner is a 96-meter-high bell tower, which was built by Big Ben in 1856. The round clock in the upper part of the bell tower weighs 65438. 75 meters 4. It is 27 meters long and the pendulum weighs 305 kilograms. Every 65,438+0 hours, the clock gives out a clanging bell, and the reverberation is around the beam. The clock was made by Sir Benjamin Hall, so the clock tower was named Big Ben. The news programs broadcast by British radio and TV stations every day are preceded by the bell of Big Ben. Whenever parliament meets, the British flag will be raised in Victoria Tower during the day.

Westminster means "western church" in English, because it used to be the western suburb of London, in the west of St. Paul's Cathedral, and there was a church here from the beginning. In the middle of the 20th century, King Edward I of England of England built a palace and rebuilt a church here. After more than 400 years, Westminster Palace has been the main royal palace in Britain. Westminster Palace became the seat of the British Parliament on 1547. It was rebuilt several times after the fire. /kloc-the fire in 0/834 destroyed most of the original buildings, so the British government decided to build a parliament building that is unparalleled in the world. With the design scheme of famous architect Charles Barry, the project started at1840,65438+. During World War II, the Chamber of the House of Commons was bombed, and 1950 was rebuilt. This is the Palace of Westminster today.

Although the building of Westminster Palace is not old, there is a monument in the palace, and that is Westminster Hall. At that time, it was the banquet hall in the palace, which was built at the beginning of15th century. It was later used as a court to try first-degree political prisoners. State funeral ceremonies have been held here since this century, and the farewell ceremony of former British Prime Minister Churchill's body was held in this hall.

The Palace of Westminster has 14 halls and more than 600 rooms, where the Prime Minister and cabinet ministers have their own offices and reception rooms. A circular central hall separates the upper and lower houses: the upper house is in the south and the lower house is in the north. In the halls and corridors of the two houses, there are many large murals and stone statues with the theme of history and fairy tales.

The conference hall of the two houses is the most important place in this parliament building. Speaker of the house of lords. 5 meters, width 14 meters, decorated in red, beautifully furnished. There is a king's throne on the altar. In front of the altar is the speaker's chair, with four rows of long red leather chairs on both sides, which are seats for parliamentarians. The director of the lower house is 23m,14m, and the decoration is mainly green. There is a long table in the center of the hall. The speaker's seat is in the north of the long table, and the seats of members on both sides are a long row of hard chairs. There is also a reporter station and audience on the second floor.

The queen, members of the house of lords and members of the house of commons must enter the parliament building through different doors. Ordinary tourists should take the Stephen Gate on the front of the building.

The famous Treaty of Westminster in international law was signed here.