[Introduction]-Stereo composition
This is a series of teaching series for design majors in the Department of Fine Arts. Writers are the backbone of design teaching in some art departments. They not only have rich teaching experience and rigorous academic attitude, but also have a strong sense of mission and responsibility. Before writing, Chongqing University Press organized many discussions, which made everyone have a good understanding and formed the following characteristics of this series: According to the development trend of art design education in 2 1 century, the overall framework of this series of teaching materials was determined. On the basis of judging the mature similar teaching references and textbooks, we should foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, and take the basic knowledge and skills that must be mastered in undergraduate education of various courses as the writing core; At the same time, considering the characteristics of art education, teachers have room to teach according to their own practical experience and theoretical tendency. As a teaching material for art design majors, it pays attention to the guidance and transformation from art to design when compiling, highlighting the characteristics of art design; Pay attention to the relationship between teachers in textbooks, that is, to reflect the characteristics of teaching and the factors of learning.
[Content]-Three-dimensional composition
1 solid form as basic modeling 1. 1 introduction 1.2 solid form elements 1.3 solid form range 2 solid form research 2. 1 solid form 2.2 logic 3. 1 rule 3.2 composition logic 4.
summary
1, the origin of stereoscopic composition:
However, the word "composition" in "constructivism" is very different from the "composition" we want to talk about.
The origin of "constitutionalism" comes from the constructivist movement of the former Soviet Union in the early 20th century.
"Bauhaus" Designer The famous design school in the 20th century has only been 13 years since its establishment and forced closure, but it has trained a number of leading talents in various design fields. Brand-new design theory and design education thought are the root of Bauhaus becoming a modern design place.
Bauhaus's art educator put forward the educational idea of "combining art with technology".
Since 1980s, composition education has been introduced into China and has become the basic course of all art colleges in China. Japanese universities not only take composition education as a basic course, but also become a major, and have made outstanding achievements in the field of composition.
2. The concept, characteristics and functions of three-dimensional structure:
Three-dimensional composition is a subject that studies how to combine three-dimensional modeling elements into three-dimensional forms that give personality beauty according to certain principles in three-dimensional space.
The whole process of three-dimensional composition is a process from division to combination or from combination to division. Any shape can be transformed into points, lines and surfaces, and points, lines and surfaces can be combined into any shape.
The exploration of three-dimensional composition includes the psychological efficiency of material shape, color and quality, the strength of material and the physical efficiency of processing technology.
Three-dimensional composition is a process of studying and discussing the relationship between real space and form. The scope of space determines the world where human activities and existence exist, but space is limited by the form of occupying space. Artists should express their ideas in space and naturally create forms in space.
There are essential differences between shape and shape in three-dimensional composition. A certain shape in an object is only the outline of one of the countless faces of the body, and the body is a synthesis of countless shapes.
3. Three-dimensional structure and computer aided design;
Design is an activity, which includes three-dimensional composition and many other factors to make it a complete shape. The field of design is very wide, which can be divided into commercial design, industrial design, environmental design and so on. These art categories can be subdivided into advertising design, book design, packaging design, display design, clothing design, dyeing and weaving design, indoor and outdoor design, animation design and other professional categories. All the above majors, without exception, now take computer technology as an important means of tool design, which is undoubtedly of epoch-making significance.
Auto CAD is a general graphic design software, which is mainly used in two-dimensional and three-dimensional coordinate space, and can accurately design various geometric shapes. At present, the latest version is: Auto CAD 2004.
3DS MAX。 It is the most widely used 3D animation software at present, and is equipped with rich material library, various light sources and environmental effects, so designers can design three-dimensional dynamic image effects. The latest version is 3DS MAX6.0.
Maya is a classic three-dimensional animation software, which provides a set of special effects solutions for the field of three-dimensional animation and can realistically simulate real-life scenes. It marks that 3D software has entered a new stage, and the latest version is Maya 5.
Intrinsic characteristics
1, the characteristics of the point;
Point type is the initial element in a form and the smallest performance limitation in the form world. It floats in the air, with length, width and direction of motion. It is defined by the mutual correspondence and comparison of various elements. For example, with the shrinking and expanding of points and blocks, the transformation between them will have different psychological feelings for different modeling languages in the form. For example, the corner type has a strong sense of impact, while the curved point type has a soft sense of floating. Its manifestations are infinite, square, round, angular or any other shape, and it can be solid or hollow.
2, the characteristics of the line:
Lines exist in the trajectory of points, the boundaries of surfaces, the boundaries between surfaces or the broken, cut and cut parts of surfaces, which have rich forms and forms and can form a strong sense of movement.
Lines can be divided into straight lines (flat lines, multiple straight lines, oblique lines, broken lines, etc. ) and curves (isolated lines, spirals, parabolas, hyperbolas and free lines).
First, straight line
vertical line
oblique
Curve b
Geometric curves can express a full, elastic, rigorous, rational and clear sense of modernity, as well as a sense of mechanical indifference. Free curve is a natural, graceful and jumping linear shape, which can express a rich, round, soft and humanized feeling, as well as a strong sense of activity and flow, such as the free curve formed by lightning in nature.
3. Surface features:
As one of the foundations of space, surface has a strong sense of direction, and different surface combinations can form ever-changing spatial forms.
Surfaces can be divided into two forms in space: plane and surface. Plane has regular plane and irregular plane, and surface has regular surface and irregular surface.
The circle is always closed, with full, positive and unified effect, and can express the feeling of mobility, movement, harmony and femininity.
The basic forms of irregular surfaces refer to some irregular free forms.
4, the characteristics of the block:
The basic feature of building blocks is to occupy three-dimensional space. Blocks can be closed by surfaces or moved by surfaces. Large and thick blocks can produce a deep and stable feeling, while small and thin blocks can produce a light and floating feeling. Blocks can be divided into geometric plane, geometric curved surface, free body and free surface.
Geometric plane includes polyhedral solid composed of regular triangular pyramid, regular cube and cuboid, which has the characteristics of simplicity, elegance, solemnity and stability.
Composition of wire rod
Composition of hard wire rod
(1) Continuous synthesis
Metal wire or other linear materials with certain hardness are selected, and the scope of construction is not limited. Continuous metal wire can be used to construct freely, which can produce continuous space effect. Representation objects can be abstract or concrete. It should be pointed out that:
(2) Barrier structure
Hard wire materials are piled up layer by layer, and there is no fixed connection point between them. The three-dimensional structure that can be changed at will is called barrier product structure. The shape of the material is maintained by the friction between the contact surfaces. It is easy to bear downward pressure, and it is easy to collapse under lateral stress.
(3) Line layer structure
The three-dimensional form with different rhythms and rhythms, which is formed by the orderly arrangement of hard lines in a certain direction, is a line layer structure. Line layer has two forms:
(4) Frame structure
Metal wires with the same thickness are bonded, welded and riveted to form the basic shape of the frame, and then combined in space based on this frame, which is the frame structure.
The basic shape of the frame can be cube, triangular column, cone, polygonal column, curve, circle and other basic shapes.
The frame structure is made up of the same three-dimensional wireframes arranged in a certain order or staggered. Its composition situation can produce rich rhythm and rhythm.
In addition to repeating the situation, this framework can also have various combinations such as displacement change, structural change and interspersed change.
Second, the composition of the cord
There are two types of flexible cords. One is a line cut from a plate with certain toughness (such as cardboard, copper plate, etc.). ), because of its own weight, it can form a three-dimensional structure with certain support; The other is soft fiber (such as wool and cotton thread).
Generally speaking, the three-dimensional structure composed of flexible wires is relatively light and has a strong sense of tension. The typical cable-like structure in nature is spider web.
Soft wires constitute ordinary hard wires as the matrix of wire drawing, that is, the frame. The hard wires that make up the frame are called wires. The basic form of frame can be cube, triangular column, cone, polygonal column, curve, circle and so on. The construction method is to fix both ends of the flexible cord on a frame with a certain structure. The spacing of connection points on the frame can be equidistant or gradual, and the directions of lines can be vertically connected or obliquely staggered to form a network. Frame modeling controls the whole and plays a role in guiding the atmosphere.
(A) line group structure
(2) Linear organization structure
(3) Self-suspension structure
(4) Composition of knitting
third dimension
sense of reality
1. Definition of texture:
2. Texture organization form
1) texture and morphology
2) Texture and light perception
3. The role of texture
2 sense of space
4) Physical space and psychological space
5) Representation of spatial depth
A. perspective gradient
B. Shadow method
C. Using false visual means
6) Spatial characteristics
3. Sense of quantity
1) the concept of quantity sense
2) Create a sense of growth
3) Create a sense of speed
4) Create a sense of unity
5) the formation of tension
4 wrong vision
1. Misviewing of Plane Graphics
Stereo space illusion
3. Motion illusion
5 colors:
1, the true color of the object
2. Use artificially processed colors
Use eye-catching primary colors
Structure of each part of (1) color block discrimination table
(2) Distinguish the primary and secondary relationship between the main form and the additional form by color.
(3) Enhance the stability of the body with color sense.
(4) Pay attention to the dual effects of color and texture of materials, and the materials used in different forms are shiny and dull.
Points.
(5) The color of the body interacts with the environment.
Generally, the number of tones in the color setting of the subject is required to be less to ensure the visual clarity of the form.
Surface three-dimensional composition
First, face language.
Most of the faces in three-dimensional structures are limited, independent of the surrounding space, and most of them have a certain thickness. Its shape shows a faint sense of extension, and its side image is similar to that of a line, but it is very similar to that of a block in terms of surface continuity. Therefore, the clever use of surface materials can produce multiple characteristics of lines, surfaces and blocks, giving the shape a faint feeling.
Second, the three-dimensional composition of "Er" type
1 layer and discharge.
1) surface type change. 2) arrangement. 3) Construction skills. 4) Change of direction. 5) position change.
Double plug structure
1) unit body insertion
Two pieces of paper are cut and combined.
2) Surface plug-in
3) Free-form insertion
4)
3. Extensible subject form
(1) geometric polyhedron
1, Plato polyhedron
2. Archimedes polyhedron
3. Variation of polyhedron
(2) Cylinder
1, column change 2, stigma change 3, ridge change 4, column change.
4 surface body flip composition
1 folding modeling
2 Cutting modeling
3. Cutting, folding and flipping modeling
1) Straight-cut folding
2) Surface cutting and turning
5 thin shell structure
6 Abstract:
7 exercise:
Using various materials for layered composition, unexpected possibilities are discovered and expressed in a rational way.
The three-dimensional composition of the block is the language of the block.
Block is the most basic form of three-dimensional modeling, and it is an entity with three-dimensional sense of space and quantity, which embodies the sense of closeness, weight, stability and strength. The basic composition of blocks is cutting and stacking, which are often combined in real creation. It pursues the rigidity and softness of form, the length, the speed and urgency of change, the contrast between reality and reality, etc., and creates the three-dimensional space you want.
Second, the massive three-dimensional structure.
Study on 1 monomer
1) Basic geometry:
2) Handling of the body
(1) deformation: a. distortion: b. expansion:
C. concave surface:, D. inclined surface:, E. coil:
(2) deformation should pay attention to two points:
A. overall dynamic potential: b. linearity and angle:
3) subtraction creation
A. splitting:, B. failure:, C. delamination:, D. cutting:, E. splitting movement:
4) Add Create
1) stack combination,
2) contact combination,
3) Through combination,
4) Embedded combination,
5) Combination of filling and packaging
2-block aggregation configuration
1) setting
(1) Paired (2) Majority (3) Infinite
2) Combination
Three summaries:
Four exercises:
Understand and master the characteristics and properties of various materials, adopt various means according to local conditions, and explore the aesthetic feeling of materials. You can do a series of natural and artificial material exercises, or do some experimental exercises, observe more and think more, and give yourself more room to play.
Materials:
Three-dimensional composition inevitably involves the selection and application of materials. There are two ways for general materials to participate. One is to make a design scheme first, and then find the corresponding materials according to the requirements of the scheme. The other is to start with materials, seek the content of performance according to the properties of materials and languages, and finally work out the modeling design scheme.
1. Natural materials (wood, stone, clay, etc. ).
Natural materials give people a simple, cordial, warm and comfortable feeling, with strong affinity.
1) wood
Mild and light, easy to process, processing techniques are sawing, planing, carving, bending, closing and so on.
2) Stone materials
Strong and durable, commonly used materials. There are Shoushan stone, Qingtian stone, marble, granite and so on.
Two: industrial materials
(metal, inorganic nonmetal, organic, composite and other types of functional materials).
Man-made composite materials are the products of many disciplines, new technologies and new processes.
1) paper material
Mild texture, low price, easy processing, expressive force and plasticity.
2) Metal materials
Durable, rich in variety, diverse in processing technology and rich in visual texture, it is widely used in three-dimensional composition.
3) Glass material
Transparent and smooth, hard and fragile, with strong heat resistance and corrosion resistance. The space made of glass has infinite visual sense and is an open and ideal material.
4) Plastics (general plastics, engineering plastics)
Three: comprehensive materials
The use of comprehensive materials can make full use of the contrast and harmonious relationship between materials and increase the effect of materials. But we must grasp the performance and characteristics of the selected materials, so that each material can show its own attributes and information, and convey the feelings and significance of the work.
Four: summary:
Five: Practice:
The use of comprehensive materials can make full use of the contrast and harmonious relationship between materials and increase the effect of materials. But we must grasp the performance and characteristics of the selected materials, so that each material can show its own attributes and information, and convey the feelings and significance of the work.
Art majors should have second-hand bookstores, so you can ask.