In order to ensure that people in high-rise buildings can escape quickly and safely in case of fire (go downstairs to safety zone), a series of safety measures have been taken in vertical traffic facilities such as buildings and elevators. The so-called fire lobby here refers to the sequential space (staff studio-corridor-fire lobby-building, elevator-fire lobby-safety corridor) set up in architectural design to fulfill such safety measures.
The requirements for setting smoke-proof stairwells are specified in the specification:
1. Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings (GB 50016-2006);
"5.3. 12: For underground shops and underground buildings (rooms) with song and dance entertainment places, when the local underground floor is ≥3 floors, or the height difference between the basement floor and the outdoor entrance floor is > 10m, smoke-proof stairwells should be set up."
"7.4. 1 The stairwell for evacuation shall meet the following requirements: the stairwell shall have natural lighting and ventilation, and shall be set by the external wall;
7.4.2 In addition to the provisions in Article 7.4. 1 of this specification, the closed stairwell shall also meet the following requirements:
When natural lighting and ventilation are not available, they should be set according to the requirements of smoke-proof stairwells; "
2. Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings (GB 50045-95 (2005 Edition));
"6.2 Evacuate stairwells and stairs.
6.2. 1 Smoke-proof stairwells shall be provided for Class I buildings and Class II buildings with a building height exceeding 32m, except for modular and verandah houses. The setting of smoke-proof stairwells shall meet the following requirements:
6.2. 1. 1 The stairwell entrance shall be provided with a front room, balcony or concave gallery.
6.2. 1.2 The front room area is not less than 6.00m2 for public buildings and 4.50m2 for residential buildings.
6.2. 1.3 The doors of the front room and stairwell shall be Class B fire doors, and open in the evacuation direction. "
"6.2.2 The podium and the second-class buildings with a building height of no more than 32m shall be provided with enclosed stairwells except for the unit-type and corridor-type houses. The setting of closed stairwells shall meet the following requirements:
6.2.2. 1 Stairwell should rely on the external wall, and should be directly natural lighting and natural ventilation. When direct natural lighting and natural ventilation are not possible, it should be set according to the provisions of smoke-proof stairwells.
6.2.2.2 stairwell should be equipped with Class B fire doors, which should be opened in the evacuation direction. "
"6.2.3.11The unit houses at and below the floor may not have a closed stairwell, but the door leading to the stairwell should be a Class B fire door, and the stairwell should be close to the external wall, and should be directly provided with natural lighting and ventilation.
6.2.3.212 and 18 apartment buildings should be provided with closed staircases.
6.2.3.319 and above units shall be provided with smoke-proof stairs.
6. 2. 4 1 1 The corridor-style residence below the floor should be provided with closed stairwells; Corridor houses with more than eleven floors should have smoke-proof stairs. "
In the Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings (GB 50045-95 (2005 Edition)), Class I and II buildings are divided as follows:
"3.0. 1 High-rise buildings should be classified according to their nature of use, fire risk, evacuation and fighting difficulty. And shall comply with the provisions of Table 3.0. 1. "
The provisions of Table 3.0. 1 are as follows:
"A class of houses includes 19 floors and above senior houses and ordinary houses.
A class of public buildings include:
1. Hospital;
2. High-end hotels;
3. Commercial buildings, exhibition buildings, comprehensive buildings, telecommunication buildings and financial buildings with a building area exceeding 1000m2, with a building height exceeding 50m or 24m.
4. Commercial and residential buildings with a building height exceeding 50m or 24m and a floor area exceeding 1500m2;
5. Central and provincial radio and television buildings (including cities with separate plans);
6. Bureau-level and provincial-level (including cities with separate plans) power dispatching buildings;
7 provincial (including cities under separate state planning) postal building and disaster prevention command and dispatch building;
Libraries and stacks with more than 86.5438+00,000 volumes;
9 important office buildings, scientific research buildings and archives buildings;
10. Teaching buildings and ordinary hotels, office buildings, scientific research buildings and archives with a building height of more than 50m.
The second type of houses includes ordinary houses with floors from 10 to 18.
Two types of public buildings include:
1. Commercial buildings, exhibition buildings, comprehensive buildings, telecommunication buildings, financial and trade buildings, commercial and residential buildings, libraries and stacks except Class I buildings;
2. Post building, disaster prevention command and dispatch building, radio and television building and electric power dispatching building below the provincial level;
3. Teaching buildings and ordinary hotels, office buildings, scientific research buildings and archives rooms with a building height of not more than 50m. "
The requirements for setting the fire elevator are as follows:
Code for fire protection design of high-rise civil buildings GB 50045-95 (2005 edition);
"6.3. 1: The following high-rise buildings should be equipped with fire elevators:
* 6.3. 1. 1: a class of public buildings.
* 6.3. 1.2: tower residence
* 6.3.1.3:/kloc-apartments with 0/2 floors or above and apartments with balconies.
* 6.3. 1.4: Other Class II public buildings with a height exceeding 32m. "
To sum up, the front room is the sequence space that smoke-proof stairwells and fire elevators must be set up.
1. For general multi-storey buildings (residential buildings with 9 floors or less, public buildings with a height of * * * ≤24m), "The number of underground floors of underground shops and underground buildings (rooms) with song and dance entertainment places is ≥3, or the height difference between the basement floor and the outdoor entrance floor >; 10m should be provided with smoke-proof stairwells "and" If there is no natural lighting and ventilation, a closed stairwell should be provided according to the requirements of smoke-proof stairwells ",and the smoke-proof stairwell should be provided with a front room.
2. High-rise buildings (/kloc-residential buildings with 0/0 floors and above, and the height of public buildings > > 24m):
"Class I buildings and Class II buildings with a building height exceeding 32 meters, except modular and verandah houses and tower houses" means.
19-storey and above unit residence, 12-storey and above arcade residence, 10-storey and above tower residence, Class I public buildings and Class II public buildings with a height exceeding 32m require the installation of smoke-proof stairwells and forerooms.
When natural lighting and ventilation cannot be directly provided in the stairwell of podium, class II public building with a height of ≤32m, 10- 18-storey modular residence,11storey verandah residence, it should be set according to the provisions of smoke-proof stairwell, and a front room is required.
Another kind of public buildings, tower houses, unit houses and arcade houses with 12 floors or above, and other second-class public buildings with a height of more than 32m, need to be equipped with fire elevators and forerooms.
To sum up, for high-rise buildings, the front rooms to be set are: "12-storey and above unit houses, 12-storey and above verandah houses, 10-storey and above tower houses, first-class public buildings and second-class public buildings with a height exceeding 32m"; "When the stairwell of the podium, the second-class public building with a height of ≤32m, the 10- 12-storey apartment, and the11storey verandah apartment cannot be directly lighted and naturally ventilated".