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catalogue

Artist profile

Biography of Feng Zikai

Feng Zikai's works

Preface to Kai Zi's Comics

Full text of Feng Zikai's "For My Children"

Artist profile

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Brief introduction of Mr. Feng Zikai

Feng Zikai, a native of Tongxiang, Zhejiang Province, was born in 1898.

19 14 years in Zhejiang first normal school, employed by

Li Shutong, a famous teacher. 192 1 year to study in Japan.

Western painting and music. Engaged in art and music after returning to China. one

1924 began to publish cartoons and became the institute of progressive literature.

Member of the research committee.

Feng Zikai was one of the enlighteners of the New Culture Movement in China.

As early as 1920s, he published Introduction to Art,

Introduction to Music, Tour of Western Famous Paintings, etc.

Work. He published 180 books in his life.

After liberation, he served as vice chairman and chairman of Shanghai Artists Association.

Vice President of Shanghai Foreign Culture Association, President of Shanghai Painting Academy.

During the ten years of turmoil, he was persecuted and fell ill.

He died on 1975 at the age of 78.

Feng Zikai (1898.1.9-1975.9.15) was originally named Feng Run, also known as Feng Ren, who was born in Shimen Town, Tongxiang, Zhejiang. China, a modern painter, essayist, art and music educator and translator, is a master of literature and art with many accomplishments. After liberation, he served as executive director of China Artists Association, chairman of Shanghai Branch of Artists Association, president of Shanghai China Painting Academy and vice president of Shanghai Foreign Culture Association. It is praised by international friends as "the most artistic art in modern China". Feng Zikai's unique cartoon works have great influence and are deeply loved by people. His works are profound and intriguing.

I like art since I was a child. I entered the Provincial First Normal School on 19 14 to study painting and music, from Li Shutong. 19 18 autumn, Li Shutong became a monk in the Hupao Temple in Hangzhou, which had a great influence on his thoughts. 19 17 Organize a children's painting party with classmates. 19 19 After graduating from normal school, she and several classmates founded Shanghai Normal College in Shanghai and served as drawing teachers. 192 1 year visited Japan for a short time to learn painting, music and foreign languages. 1922 returned to China to teach art and music in chunhui middle school, Shangyu, Zhejiang, and became friends with Zhu Ziqing and Zhu Guangqian. Engaged in art and music teaching after returning to China. He used to be the editor of Ming Kai Bookstore in Shanghai, and the art professor of Shanghai University, Fudan University and Zhejiang University. At the same time, painting, literary creation and literary compilation are carried out. 1924, founded Lida College with friends. During the Anti-Japanese War, he moved around the southwest and taught in some colleges and universities. In the April issue of our July, a literary publication, his painting "After people leave, a crescent moon is like water" was published for the first time. Later, his paintings were published in Literature Weekly with the title of Comics. From then on, China began to have the name "Comics". Rieter Society was founded in 1925, and its members include Mao Dun, Chen Wangdao, Ye Shengtao, Zheng Zhenduo and Hu Yuzhi. 1926, teaching at Shanghai Art Institute. 1929 was hired as an editor by Ming Kai Bookstore. 193 1 year, his first collection of essays, The Essays of Yuanyuantang, was published by Ming Kai Bookstore. After the July 7th Incident, he led his family to flee. 1937 was compiled into the history of Japanese aggression against China and published. 1939 Lecturer and Associate Professor of Zhejiang University. 65438-0942: Professor and Director of Educational Affairs of Chongqing Institute of National Arts. He ended his teaching career from 1943, specializing in painting and writing. Popular books for primary and middle school students and ordinary music lovers, such as Music Common Sense, Introduction to Music, Top Ten Musicians in Modern Times and Children's Music, have been translated and published one after another, which has done a lot of useful work for the popularization of modern music knowledge. 1946 Return to Shanghai. Published "Selected Comics of Kai Zi" album. After 1952, he served as librarian of Shanghai Literature and History Museum, vice chairman of China Artists Association Shanghai Branch, executive director of China Artists Association, vice chairman of Shanghai Foreign Culture Association, vice chairman of Shanghai Federation of Literary and Art Circles and member of CPPCC. After People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded, he served as the president of Shanghai China Painting Academy, the chairman of China Artists Association Shanghai Branch and the vice chairman of Shanghai Federation of Literary and Art Circles. I am good at calligraphy and painting, as well as prose creation and literary translation.

Feng Zikai is a famous cartoonist and essayist in modern China. His paintings and articles have maintained a consistent style in the vicissitudes of decades: graceful and quiet, and his cartoons are even more popular. Mr. Feng's works are widely circulated, and many of them are scattered. Even more than 50 albums published in the album have mostly disappeared from the market, which brings great regret to readers. Among Mr. Feng Zikai's works, comics are probably the most famous. It is often a few strokes that outline an artistic conception, such as "after people leave, a crescent moon is like water", several cups and a roller blind, which is a very good mood. Many of Mr. Feng's cartoons are about children, such as "A Bao is shirtless", "You peel the melon for me, I will fan it for you" and "Meet". Reading teacher Feng's children's cartoons made us so-called adults feel ashamed. When can our world be less fraudulent, less persistent, more natural and more indifferent?

Feng Zikai's prose also has a great influence in the history of China's new literature. His main works include Yuan Yuantang's Essays, Yuan Yuantang's Rewriting, Twenty Essays, Sweet Memories, Artistic Interest, Frank Collection, etc. Except for some artistic comments, most of these works describe his own personal experience and daily contact with people, showing a strong interest in life.

Biography of Feng Zikai

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Fenghua Zhan (son)

My father was born in Shimen Bay (now Shimen Town, Tongxiang County), Chongde County, Zhejiang Province on 1898 (the 24th year of Guangxu)10/9. Ancestors opened a small dyehouse in Shimen Town. My grandfather's name is Feng Huang, who is good at poetry and prose. 1902 was "recommended" in the provincial examination. The father is the seventh child and the eldest son of his grandfather; Most of my father's brothers and sisters died young. When my father was eight years old, my grandfather died of lung disease. My father entered a private school at the age of nine and Xixi Primary School in Shimenwan at the age of twelve. 19 14 When he was sixteen years old, he went to Hangzhou Zhejiang First Normal School to study. Mr. Li Shutong, a teacher of Zhejiang First Normal University, taught him painting and music, discovered his talents and encouraged him to develop in painting. Mr. Li is not only good at painting and music, but also good at drama, literature and calligraphy, which has a great influence on his father's life.

19 19 After my father graduated from Zhejiang First Normal University, he taught in Shanghai Normal University. 192 1 I went to study in Japan at the beginning of the year. Participate in foreign painting research and music research in Tokyo. Come back from Japan at the end of the year.

1922, my father taught in chunhui middle school, Baima Lake, Shangyu, Zhejiang. At this time, I began to make cartoons. Several paintings were published in We magazine. 1924, my father resigned from his post in chunhui middle school and went to Shanghai to establish Lida College. 1925, my father's cartoons were published continuously in Literature Weekly edited by Zheng Zhenduo, and were called "Zikai cartoons". 19251February, Zikai cartoon was published by Literature Weekly, containing 60 paintings. This is my father's first collection of paintings and China's first collection of comics.

From 1926 to 1937, a series of paintings were published, such as Kai Zi's paintings, cartoons by nursing students, children's cartoons, the voice of the city, Yun Ni and human images. Among them, in addition to the paintings depicting the artistic conception of poetry, children's life and students' life, there are a large number of paintings that expose the darkness of the old society and the suffering of working people. During the same period, my father published a large number of music books and art theory books, such as Essays from Yuanyuantang, Continued Writing from Yuanyuantang, Carriage Club, Music into Books, Fifty Famous Songs of China, Top Ten Musicians in Modern Times, Twelve Lectures of Western Painting School, Artistic Interest, and Artistic Random Talk.

War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out in 1937. 1 1 month, my father led the whole family to escape. Starting from my hometown, I passed through Jiangxi and arrived in Changsha, Hunan. Later moved to Guilin, Guangxi. 1939 In the spring, my father was hired by Zhejiang University to teach at Zhejiang University in Yishan, Guangxi. Later, he moved to Zunyi, Guizhou with Zhejiang University. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/942, my father arrived in Chongqing, Sichuan, and taught at the National Art College. Resigned a year later and wrote at home for a living.

During the Anti-Japanese War, my father published a collection of paintings in the southwest provinces, including cartoons "The True Story of Ah Q", "Tree Album", "Guest Window Comics" and "Poetry in a Picture". 194 1 was painted in Zunyi as The Complete Works of Kai Zi Comics, and 19451February was published by Ming Kai Bookstore in Shanghai. The complete works are divided into six volumes with 424 paintings. 1945 After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression ended, my father returned to Hangzhou the following year. 1946 to 1948, when he lived in Hangzhou, he published such albums as "Rebirth Pictures" and "Selected Comics of Kai Zi".

My father has lived in Shanghai since People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded. He is a member of Shanghai Municipal People's Congress and China People's Political Consultative Conference, and a member of China People's Political Consultative Conference. Executive Director of China Artists Association, Chairman of Shanghai Artists Association, Vice Chairman of Shanghai Writers Association and Vice Chairman of Shanghai Federation of Literary Artists. 1960 Dean of Shanghai China Painting Academy. I spend most of my time writing at home.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, my father mainly engaged in the translation of Russian and Japanese literary works. There are Hunter's Notes, Selected Works of Natsume, Tale of Genji, etc. As for the collection of paintings, there are Painting Luxun's Novels, Selected Comics of Kai Zi (1955), Selected Children in Indonesian English by Feng Zikai (1956) and Colorful Collection of Feng Zikai's Paintings (1963).

My father's life is rich in works, including 150 kinds of * * *. He has made great contributions to painting, literature, music, calligraphy, art theory and translation. He has great influence at home and abroad.

Ten years of catastrophe, my father was brutally persecuted by Lin Biao and the Gang of Four, and his body and mind were destroyed. At the beginning of 1970, he was seriously ill and was ill for half a year. After his recovery, he persisted in painting and engaged in translation despite the persecution of Lin Biao and the Gang of Four. However, due to long-term suffering, he suffered from lung cancer. 1September 1975 15, my father died in a haze.

1On June 28th, 979, a grand ceremony was held in the lobby of Shanghai Longhua Cemetery. Leading comrades in Shanghai pointed out in their eulogy at the ceremony of placing ashes: Father hated the reactionary rule in the old society and expressed his sense of justice and fighting spirit with artistic creation; After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he made selfless contributions to the cause of socialist literature and art, and enthusiastically eulogized China's * * * production party and socialism. Read out the decision of the Shanghai Municipal Committee to completely rehabilitate his father.

Feng Zikai's works

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His works include: essays on Yuanyuantang, Feng Zikai's calligraphy, etc.

Bibliography of works:

Zikai Comics 1926, Enlightened.

Kai Zi Ji Hua 1927, Kaiming.

Western Art History 1928, Enlightenment

Yuan Yuantang's Essays (Prose Collection) 193 1, Wu; Appendix, 1957, Humanities

Collected Works of Kai Zi 1933, Shanghai Hua Kai Publishing House.

Twenty essays 1934, Tianma

Artistic interest (prose collection) 1934, Wu

Painting and Literature (Essay) 1934, Enlightened.

Introduction to Modern Art (Paper) 1934, China.

Cheshe (Prose Collection) 1935, good friend.

Art Conghua (essay) 1935, good friend.

Selected Works of Feng Zikai (Prose Collection) 1936, Shanghai Antique Bookstore.

Random Talk on Art 1936, Ren Jian Bookstore.

Rewrite and realize in Yuanyuantang (Prose Collection) 1937.

The true story of cartoon A Q 1939 is enlightening.

Zi Kai's Recent Prose Collection +094 1, Chengdu Puyi Library.

Foundation of artistic accomplishment (essay) 194 1, Guilin Cultural Supply Agency.

Painting in Poetry 1943, Guilin Wenguang Bookstore.

Teacher's Diary (Diary Prose Collection) 1944, Chongqing Chongde Bookstore.

Art and Life (Essay) 1944.438+0, Guilin You Min Bookstore.

New Paintings of Ancient Poetry (One of the Complete Works of Kai Zi's Comics) 1945, Wu.

"Children's Pictures" (the second complete works of Kai Zi comics) l945, enlightened.

Student's photo (the third of the complete works of Kai Zi comics) 1945, enlightened.

Folk Pictures (The Fourth Complete Works of Kai Zi Comics) 1945, Enlightened.

Urban Phase (The Fifth Complete Works of Kai Zi Comics) 1945, Enlightened.

The wartime phase (the sixth volume of the complete works of Yu Kai cartoons) 1945, enlightened.

Frank Collection (Prose Collection) 1946, Ye Wan Bookstore.

Adventures of Small Notes (Fairy Tales) 1947, Ye Wan Bookstore.

Selected cartoons of Zikai 1955 438+0438+0, People's Fine Arts Publishing House.

The Complete Works of Kai Zi Comics 1962 438+0 1, Lingnan Publishing House.

Wen Xue Institution 1979 The Collection of Yuan Yuan Tang edited by Ming Chuan.

Selected Works of Feng Zikai's Prose 1982, Shanghai Literature and Art.

Yuan Yuantang's Essay 1983, Zhejiang Literature and Art.

Translation bibliography:

Symbol of Depression (Theory Collection) Japanese Chef Shirakawa, 1925, Business.

Introduction to Art, written by Japanese Tian Peng, 1928, Enlightenment.

First Love (novel) Turgenev, Russia, 193 1, enlightened.

Steven, author of Suicide Club (novel), UK, 1932, Kaiming.

Notes on the Hunter of Turgenev, Russia, 1953, Wen Sheng.

The Tale of Genji (novel) by the Department of Murasaki, Japan, 1987, People's Literature Publishing House.

Preface to Kai Zi's Comics

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When I painted these pictures, I was a young man of twenty-seven or eight with two or three children. I love my children as much as all young fathers do. I really love them: they laugh and I feel happier than myself; They cried, and I was sadder than myself. They eat, I think it's better than myself. When they fell, I felt more painful than myself. I am passionate about my children. This love is the initial motivation for making these paintings.

My children are born intensively and there are few helpers at home, so I have to help take care of them outside of teaching, just like "a mother's father" in a cartoon at that time.

I often hold my children, feed them, wrap them in diapers, sing them to sleep and draw pictures to make them laugh. Sometimes I will ride with children who are building blocks, or sit on a stool and "take the train". I am very close to them and often live with them. This "closeness" is also the origin of these paintings. Because of "love" and "closeness", I deeply understand children's psychology and see a children's world completely different from the adult world. Children are full of feelings, but lack of reason; Children are full of desires, but they can't control them. Therefore, the children's world is very broad and free, where you can put forward all your wishes and requirements at will: the roof of the house can be removed to see the plane; You can ask for flowers and butterflies in your bed for fun. The feet of the stool can wear shoes; Railways and railway stations can be built in the room; Brothers and sisters can be new officials and brides; The moon in the sky can call it down. Adults laugh at them for being "stupid", call their lives "child's play", and often call them "naughty" and forbid them to be "noisy". This is the subjective view of adults and the rude attitude of people who don't understand children's psychology. I can love them and get close to them, so I can deeply understand their psychology. I am sure that their behavior is sincere and worthy of attention, so I am excited and serious about making these paintings.

Moreover, I often "get involved" in children's lives; In other words, I often become a child by myself and observe children. I remember making such a picture: there are unusually high tables, chairs and beds in the room. An adult is trying to climb into a chair, but the seat of the chair is higher than his chest. He tried to climb up, and it was obviously not easy to climb into the chair. If he wants to climb into bed, it is obviously not easy to climb up, because the bed is as high as a chair; If he wants to drink tea with a cup on the table, it is obviously impossible, because the desktop is almost as high as his head, and the cup is placed in the middle of the table, which is much bigger than his hand. The title of this painting is "Put yourself in the child's shoes". This is the expression of my feelings at that time: I saw that most adults thought that their children were preparing for adults, and they were bent on becoming adults, ignoring their own life during this preparation period. Therefore, furniture and utensils are based on the size of adults and the convenience of adults' lives. It is inconvenient for children to live in adults' homes. Similarly, in spiritual life, adults' thoughts are the standard and adults' impressions are the standard, so children's spiritual life in adults' homes is very painful. In the past, I have seen: a boy of six or seven years old was put on a small robe and coat by his parents, and he was taught to walk like his father; The six or seven-year-old girl was taken to the barber shop by her parents to have her hair permed, her face powdered, her mouth painted with lipstick, and she was taught to imitate her mother. I once painted a picture for them called Little Adults. Now imagine the appearance of those two children, still feel terrible, this is simply a freak with abnormal development! I thought changing from a child to an adult was like changing from a caterpillar to a butterfly. The life of a caterpillar is very different from that of a butterfly. The above-mentioned adults put wings on the caterpillar and taught it to fly with the butterfly. I am a butterfly, put away my wings and crawl with the caterpillar. So I can understand the children's mood and life, and I am very excited to describe these paintings seriously.

The above are my trivial matters and occasional feelings when I made these paintings 30 years ago, which can also be said to be my creative motivation and experience. However, this is nothing more than a manifestation of "deep affection for the calf." What's good for readers? What is the reference value for readers? How can we help them find painting materials in their lives?

Undoubtedly, these paintings themselves are trivial and insignificant. Only one sentence can tell readers that I am "loving", "close", "understanding" and "putting myself in the other's shoes" for my painting object.

If a painter can use this attitude to deal with more lovely, more valuable and greater objects and create paintings, I think he may be able to find more painting materials and make more beautiful paintings in his own life, especially in the vibrant life of new China today. If this sentence is correct, then these paintings have finally helped readers indirectly. Let them publish it.

An interesting story about Feng Zikai's release.

Mr. Feng Zikai is a famous cartoonist in China. He has been dead for many years, leaving a rich artistic legacy to future generations. Feng Zikai's cartoon style is unique. He has a deep foundation in Chinese painting, and a few strokes can outline a vivid image. In particular, most of his materials are suffering in the world, and everyone is wronged by hard work, so his cartoons are deeply loved by people.

It is true that human nature means that Feng Zikai has a bodhisattva heart. Feng Zikai is a devout Buddhist, and he is a devout layman. All his life, he earnestly warned people to protect life and abstain from killing. He also made an anecdote because he was released.

Before War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, during his stay in Suzhou Garden Hall, Mr. Feng Zikai once took a chicken from Shimen Bay and wanted to set it free in Yun Qi, Hangzhou. But he also showed compassion for the chicken. He couldn't bear to tie it up and hang it upside down like ordinary people, so he opened his robe and put it inside and held it outside with his hands. Take a boat from Shimen Bay via Chongde and take a train to Chang 'an Town. It is suspicious to see this strange appearance because he is wrapped in a cloth robe with his hand. So, an undercover detective at Chang 'an Town Railway Station became suspicious and followed him all the time. The same car arrived in Hangzhou, and as soon as he left the station, undercover detectives caught him. Hou happened to be greeted outside the station, so he explained the story to the other party, and the detective knew that he had followed the wrong person. Feng Zikai held the hen to be released, which caused everyone present to laugh.

Why does Feng Zikai believe in Buddhism? He was influenced not only by Master Hongyi, but also by his father. His father Feng won a scholarship in the middle of 1920, but for some reason, he didn't go to Beijing to catch the final imperial examination. Seeing that the Qing Dynasty was in turmoil and had no hope of career, I had to set up a school at home to serve as an apprentice and make a living. Feng Huquan is affable and enthusiastic. Whenever there is a wedding or funeral, neighbors and relatives ask him to write a joint ownership book. He also writes letters or contracts for bookmarks, and never cares about the cost.

Feng once wrote a letter to the fisherman, knowing that the fisherman was poor and didn't accept payment. One day, the fisherman sent seven large and small water fish, all turtles. Fenghuquan has always believed in Buddhism and is good at charity. That night, he dreamed that seven women in skirts knelt down to him for help, shouting "Master help, Master help-"Feng suddenly woke up and felt that his dream was very strange and could not be solved. Well-behaved, there is nothing to be ashamed of, but dreams make him fidget all day. I suddenly realized that there was a soft skin around the water fish, commonly known as "skirt", so I believed that seven water fish asked him for help in their dreams and immediately released them all.

Feng Zikai, a young mentor, loves to let people go after becoming a monk. He painted six episodes of "By Nursing Students" and handed them down to the world. Every year on the eighth day of the fourth lunar month, it is said that Sakyamuni was born, and Buddhists used to release him on this day. On this day every year, Feng Zikai will buy snails, clams, fish and shrimp and lead the children to release them. Even on weekdays, he releases himself from time to time.