Tan Qixiang's version of Ming Dynasty territory
Recently, Bian Xiao found a historical map of China published by 1955 on the Internet. Bian Xiao looked up relevant information and found that this set of maps was drawn by Gu Jiegang, a famous historian. As a great master, Gu Jiegang's academic achievements are obvious to all. In his early years, he was a representative figure of "doubting the ancients", but in his later years, he began to correct some of his extreme remarks. Although he denied the existence of the Xia Dynasty in his early years, he painted it seriously in the Atlas of Chinese History. There is no painting in this picture of the Xia Dynasty, which shows that the scope of the Xia Dynasty is very unclear and proves that Gu Jiegang is very strict.
The map of Shang Dynasty, Zhou Guo under the control of Gu Jiegang, was also included in the scope of Shang Dynasty, because in name, Zhou Wenwang was once the Xibohou of Shang Dynasty. But in fact, Zhou and Shang are two independent countries, so many modern Shang maps are drawn westward to the Yellow River. In addition, the influence of Shang dynasty should be mainly confined to Henan, Shandong, Hebei and northern Anhui, and did not reach Jianghan and the south of Huaihe River.
The territory of the Western Zhou Dynasty is basically objective. However, Bian Xiao thinks that Chu can be marked with two colors respectively with the Western Zhou Dynasty, because Chu was king as early as the Western Zhou Dynasty, and all the dynasties of the Zhou Dynasty, such as King Zhao of Zhou, Zhou Muwang and Zhou Xuanwang, often fought with Chu, and the two were antagonistic, not subordinate. The Central Plains history books regard Chu as a enfeoffment country, that is, they consider the issue from the perspective of the Central Plains. In addition, Jiangsu in the southeast is not the land of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and Xu is also an early king. There were countries in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and they were also in a parallel relationship with Zhou.
In Tan Qixiang's version of the map of the Qin Dynasty, Xiang County was "fixed" in Guangxi. In fact, according to the Records of Hanshu, Xiang County was divided into Jiaotuo, Xianglin and Rinan counties in the Han Dynasty, all of which are in today's Vietnam. But Tan Qixiang "abandoned" Vietnam for international friendship. In addition, the Qin Dynasty did not rule the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. At that time, there were regional regimes in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, such as Yelang and Dianguo, which were collectively referred to as "Southwest Yi", but it was obviously not objective to draw the Tan version of the map to Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. Gu Jiegang did not have such a situation. He marked the positions of Jizi North Korea and Sanhan.
Qin map
Regarding the map of Han Dynasty, Gu Jiegang's version is different from Tan Qixiang's version in several aspects. First, the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Donghu and other ethnic groups have not clearly marked their boundaries. I think Gu Jiegang's is more reasonable, because nomadic people have no clear boundaries at all and can graze wherever they go. The second is that Wusunguo was not included in the territory of the Western Han Dynasty. The Western Han Dynasty and Wusunguo were intermarriage alliances, not subordination. From this perspective, Ban Gu makes more sense. Third, Ban Gu's painting at the southernmost tip of the Western Han Dynasty arrived in southern Vietnam.
Map of Han dynasty
Wei and Jin dynasties There is no history of the Western Regions on Gu's map, but there is one on Tan's map. Did Wei and Jin control the Western Regions? According to documents, from the end of the Han Dynasty to the Western Jin Dynasty, a captain of Wuji was set up in Loulan, the western region. Bian Xiao believed that the captain was a stronghold of the Western Region in Wei and Jin Dynasties, but at that time there were more than 30 countries in the Western Region, all under the control of Wei and Jin Dynasties. This is a problem. It was not until the Sixteen Kingdoms Period that the Western Regions were regained control by the Central Plains.
Wei-Jin map
From the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Sui Dynasty, there is little difference between the two versions of the map, so I won't discuss it here.
Map of southern and northern dynasties
Map of sui dynasty
The maps of Tang Dynasty and Bangu are divided into dark areas and bright areas. The dark area is the administrative area, and the bright area is the area ruled by Jimmy. On the map of Bangu, the power of the Tang Dynasty extends westward to the Caspian Sea. Tan Qixiang's version of the map is in color and arrived in the Aral Sea area. Bian Xiao believes that the map of the Tang Dynasty should be divided into several colors and marked according to the intensity of rule. In addition, Bian Xiao believes that the sphere of influence of the Tang Dynasty does not include Tubo and Northeast China on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
Map of Tang dynasty
The maps of the Song Dynasty are not very different. The main difference is that Bangu did not draw the northern boundary of nomadic people.
Northern Song Dynasty
Southern Song Dynasty
On the map of the Yuan Dynasty, the northern boundary of the ancient version was just north of Lake Baikal, while Tan Qixiang's version painted the coast of the Arctic Ocean. The Tan version of the map was influenced by the deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations at that time, and it was not objective without a cap.
the Yuan Dynasty
The map of the Ming Dynasty is mainly located in the mainland, and there are light-colored slaves in the northeast, but only to the east of Songhua River. Tan's prints are about Tubo, Hami and the whole Northeast, even the Northeast. Obviously, Tan version of the map has a strong sense of "map opening". However, Tan Ban chose to draw the map of 1433 because Noor was still here this year, but the chief secretary Jiao Zhi was gone, which also took into account the feelings of the Vietnamese people.
There is not much difference between the two sides about the map of the Qing Dynasty. It's just an ancient map of the Qing Dynasty, which paints Mongolia, Xinjiang, Tibet and Qinghai in light colors, indicating that this is Jimmy's ruling area. However, in any case, the actual ruling area and ruling area of the Qing Dynasty are much larger than that of the Ming Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty laid the foundation for the territory of modern China.