1904 was born on June 27th in a poor primary school teacher's family in Bian Xi Village, Nanxiang Township, Anfu County, Jiangxi Province. 19 17 In the summer, boxer indemnity founded Beijing Tsinghua School to recruit students in Jiangxi, and Peng Wenying and his fellow countryman friend Wang Zaoshi ranked first and second respectively in the provincial examination of more than 2,000 people. The two of them and another fellow countryman, Luo Longji, were later called "Three Masters of Anfu" or "Three Talents of Anfu" by Chinese people. All three have excellent academic performance and progressive thinking. He has studied in the United States, and Luo, Wang and Peng have successively obtained doctoral and master's degrees. After returning home, the three men took an active part in various patriotic political activities and became active in China's political arena. 1957 during the anti-rightist movement, all three people were labeled as "ultra-rightists".

1932 After returning to China, Peng Wenying successively served as a professor at Shanghai Law School and Guanghua University, and actively participated in the anti-Japanese national salvation and patriotic and democratic movements. 1936, the "Seven Gentlemen" incident happened. Peng Wenying stepped forward, accompanied Soong Ching Ling and other organizations to rescue and went to Suzhou Prison with Soong Ching Ling, and volunteered to accompany the Seven Gentlemen to prison.

1947 10 After NLD was declared as an illegal organization by the government authorities, Peng Wenying was fearless in times of crisis and resolutely became the chairman of the underground branch of NLD. 1949 On the eve of the change of flag, several leaders of the underground party were listed in hit list, and Tang ordered the killing of Shi Lianghe. He was chased in Jiang Shen Hospital, hiding behind the roof and making up to escape. However, their homes and belongings were robbed and their youngest son was driven out of the house.

Since 1930s, Peng Wenying has actively followed China, opposed the attack on "Soviet area" and advocated democratic socialism. 1939 was killed in Nanchang for criticizing the government's "passive anti-Japanese war and active anti-* *". Later, Zhou Enlai made a special trip to the Frontline Daily, where Peng Wenying was the editor-in-chief and Wang Zaoshi was the president, to express his condolences. He held Peng Wenying's hand and said, "Mr. Peng, I thank you on behalf of the party."

One day in the early 1930s, Peng Wenying went to Shanghai to visit a friend. While we were talking, an unexpected visitor with an extraordinary appearance came to visit. I saw someone in the room and refused to enter. Only talk to friends in the aisle. My friend hurried into the bedroom and rummaged through the closet for something. Peng exchanged glances with the guests in the corridor, but he dared not say hello without a friend's introduction. After a few minutes, my friend hurried into the room and told Peng that this friend was in urgent need and his wife took his money and keys to the street. Is Peng rich? Peng Wenying immediately gave all his money to his friends, and both of them gave the money to the guests in the aisle. The friend sent the guest away, and then told him that it was the wanted man Zhou Enlai. On the same day, an underground worker was arrested and he had to pay bribes to avoid sending him to the garrison headquarters. According to Peng's memory, the money was not much, which was equivalent to more than 100 yuan. This matter has long been forgotten.

Shortly after the liberation of Shanghai, he went to Shanghai to inspect the work, and Chen Yi, director of the Martial Control Committee, held a forum, and Peng was invited to attend. Zhou recognized him at a glance. As soon as the meeting was over, Zhou rushed to Peng and called him "Mr. Peng" Zheng Peng was surprised, and Zhou recalled to him the past in the early 1930s. When Chen Yi came, Zhou told Chen that Teacher Peng had helped us when we were in trouble, and told Chen Yi to "remember this friend". After Chen Yi was transferred to Beijing, Peng went to Beijing for a meeting and was invited to Chen Yi's house for a potluck. Peng Wenying did not use the past events as political capital. As a member of the NLD Central Committee, the head of Shanghai, the Standing Committee of Shanghai CPPCC and the East China Military and Political Committee, he actively participated in the discussion of state affairs and was a rare friend and helper of China. It was with this open mind that he took part in the "rectification movement for the Party" and got into trouble.

The anti-rightist movement in Shanghai was led by Ke Qingshi, the first secretary of the Shanghai Municipal Committee. On June 9, 1957, Mao Zedong personally named the party and government cadres in Shanghai: "You have Wang Zaoshi, Lu Yi, Renbing Chen, Peng Wenying and Wu Yin in Shanghai, so many Rightists come out to make trouble."

On July 1957, Zhang Chunqiao, then secretary of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee, published an article "Questioning Peng Wenying" in Jiefang Daily, and organized People's Daily and Xinhua News Agency to besiege Peng Wenying. At the same time, at the Shanghai People's Congress, NLD Municipal Committee and other places also criticized Peng Wenying. Distorted his well-intentioned opinions into the programmatic activities of organized anti-party and anti-socialist groups. Peng Wenying is honest and outspoken by nature. He made a speech for two and a half hours at the meeting of Shanghai People's Congress criticizing the Rightists. On the one hand, he declared his support for the Party and socialism; on the other hand, he continued to express his views on eleven issues, including the socialist economic system, socialist democracy, the leadership of the Party, the role of democratic parties, and the cadre policy. Some people at the meeting called him a "wolf in sheep's clothing" and a "die-hard". In all the "inspections" ordered of him, he always denied that there was a "mistake". Someone hinted to him in the above instructions that even if he bowed his head and admitted his mistake, he could be "lenient." Peng Wenying did not accept this feeling, and continued to stick to his own ideas and "fight". Swear, "I began to support the * * * production party after five encirclement and suppression campaigns ... I have not done anything against the party for decades. On the contrary, I am doing things for the party and the people. " "I can guarantee with my life, personality and children that I am not a rightist and have never opposed * * *, the people and socialism."

At that time, among the 550,000 Rightists, there were not many diehards in Peng Like Wenying. It is even rarer among upper-class patriots. His attitude of "refusing to plead guilty" angered some leaders in the party. This is the reason why he is labeled as a far right.

Peng Wenying was severely punished. Revoke all his posts inside and outside the league, keep his league membership, cancel his salary, cut off his source of livelihood, supervise his work, and expel his garden house at No.55 Nanchang Road. His family of eight moved into a cubicle of 15 square meters, and the second son could only sleep in a toilet of 6 square meters. His wife Deng Shiyan is a student of Liu Haisu Academy of Fine Arts. In July 1957, when Zhang Chunqiao published "Questioning Peng Wenying", he died suddenly in the hospital at the age of 44. At that time, Zheng Peng was criticized and refused to see him for the last time. Peng Zhiping, the second son, was forced to commit suicide at the age of 19.

In this dangerous situation, officials of the United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee and NLD representatives took the opportunity to "surrender". After seeing the tragic situation of him and his family, an official of the United Front Work Department advised that all the problems would be solved as long as you wrote dozens of words to check your mistakes. Wang Zaoshi took off his hat to persuade him. The second daughter, Wei Wei, once knelt in front of Peng Wenying and begged him, "For your children's sake, to live, just admit it." On the issue of principle, Peng Wenying's belief is extremely firm, insisting that "... I am your friend, you treat me as an enemy, I am not anti-party and anti-socialism, and I am not wrong!"

He is burdened with the heavy shackles of the extreme right and still does not give up his words and responsibilities in the desperate situation of family destruction. At the beginning of 1962, he told the truth to Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, and suggested that "the anti-rightist struggle should be ended nationwide, and all rightists' hats should be removed. "... unite and build socialism. "

1962 15 On the same day in February, Peng Wenying was poor and exhausted, and died of pericarditis and septicemia in Shanghai Guangci Hospital at the age of 58.

Words from the heart before death

Although Peng Wenying had a master's degree in political science, he was also interested in natural science because of the influence of the thought of "saving the country through science" at that time. In the days when he was criticized, his mind turned more to studying science and engaging in invention and creation.

He once studied the problem of brown rice and called on people to eat brown rice to increase vitamin B 1. To this end, he also invited Wang Zaoshi, an old friend who did ideological work for him, to borrow relevant reference books from Fudan University Library for him.

1in the second half of 958, when many "Rightists" in Shanghai were concentrated in the suburbs to work, Peng Wenying was also ordered to go. But he first declared: "I came to participate in labor training, not to be a rightist to engage in labor reform!" " "In the countryside, he actually studied how to improve farm tools.

1960 One day, Peng Wenying made a special trip to Shanghai Waterway Bureau, saying that he wanted to make "reasonable suggestions". He took out a picture with a long "train boat". He explained: "Using' trains and boats' for transportation can save fuel and improve transportation efficiency." The staff of the Waterway Bureau felt that his suggestion had some merits, especially his enthusiasm for national construction was commendable, so they asked his name and work unit. But Peng Wenying didn't want to tell them, so he dropped the "train diagram" and left silently.

In fact, Peng Wenying has no work unit at this time, but lives alone at home. However, he is always busy. In addition to the above inventions, he once designed an "insulated lunch box" to allow construction workers, geologists and farmers to have hot meals when working in the fields; Also designed a "hook brick", with hooks on the brick to save mortar and enhance fastness; We also designed "two-faced trousers", which can be worn on both sides, which not only saves cloth, but also prolongs the service life of 1 times. ...

Peng Wenying wants to use his invention to benefit the people and the country.

After his second son Peng Zhiping committed suicide, Peng Wenying became obviously senile. In June, 1962, 1 1, Peng Wenying's heart disease worsened. Wang Zaoshi heard the news and personally sent him to Guangci Hospital, and asked Zhang Yiming, vice president of the hospital, to take care of him. Friends Liu Haisu, Sun Dayu and others also went to the hospital to greet them after hearing the news.

At this point, Peng Wenying has no oil and lights. After treatment, his life only lasted for more than 30 days. 16 On February 5th, Peng Wenying died of pericarditis and septicemia at the age of 58.

When Peng Wenying vaguely felt that time was running out, he stayed up all night and wrote a million-word book to Chairman Mao and the CPC Central Committee at 1962. He spoke his last heartfelt words with full blood: "I suggest ending the nationwide anti-rightist struggle and taking off all rightist hats." Unite to build socialism! "

China people pay attention to "being buried in the grave", but Peng Wenying people rarely find peace under the grave. When the "Cultural Revolution" broke out, the graves of Peng Wenying, his wife and his beloved son were looted.

1989 12 16, Peng Wenying's 85th birthday commemoration forum was held in the auditorium of the United Front Work Department of Shanghai Municipal Committee. The leader of the United Front Work Department of Shanghai Municipal Committee said in his speech: "Comrade Peng Wenying has been away from us for 27 years. Throughout his life, although there are some twists and turns, he is patriotic and progressive on the whole, which is worth remembering and commemorating. " Ye, Vice Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, made a special trip to Shanghai to attend the meeting and delivered a speech with Tan, Secretary of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee. This commemorative symposium actually restored Peng Wenying's political reputation.