The children of our four families go to primary schools in Beijing Xicheng, Haidian, Chaoyang and Shunyi respectively. In the first month of school, we also worried about it for a month.
Every little thing that happens at school has become a big thing in our eyes. Every time we get together, we will talk about what happened when our children were in the first grade.
Our children all grew up in a "superior" reading atmosphere, but none of the four children deliberately practiced literacy before going to school. These children naturally know some Chinese characters out of their interest in life and reading. Of course, the literacy is not impressive, ranging from one hundred to two hundred, or even less than 20 Chinese characters.
Last week, I talked about: children's literacy is too small, will it be difficult to go to primary school?
Turning to the Chinese textbook of the first grade of primary school, the first few lessons are really simple, and the literacy and difficulty are not great. One of the lessons is hieroglyphics, which can easily make children interested in Chinese characters. Later, the amount of reading gradually increased, but most of the first-grade children were completely qualified.
Then open the math textbook for the first grade of primary school. Mathematics concepts are taught from the simplest, and most of the topics are presented with pictures, which are not difficult for children to understand.
But there are also a few topics that require children to have a certain amount of text accumulation, such as this topic:
To understand this problem, we must know the names of several children on the picture, and then we need to know how to write Chinese characters like "Qian" and "Hou".
For this kind of topic presented in the form of text narration, math teachers usually consider children's literacy, help children read the topic and guide them to answer.
After reading the Chinese and math textbooks for the first grade of primary school, we can easily judge that even if the children's literacy is small, it should not be difficult to keep up with the classroom content, review and preview in time, and adapt to the learning life of primary school.
But think about it from another angle, if children have a certain amount of literacy, will it be more handy to do math problems? After all, we don't want dyslexia to prevent children from reading math problems.
Now teachers at school encourage children to read more books. Some first-grade children have started reading by themselves, while those who have not accumulated literacy can only sigh at the high-quality children's books.
Is there any way to let children without literacy accumulation enter the world of reading as soon as possible?
The following are the "literacy strategies" summarized by our four parents. According to the following methods, children can not only greatly improve their literacy and reading ability, but also have a strong interest in Chinese character culture and even Chinese civilization.
first step
Listening to stories is preparing for reading.
Generally speaking, the first grade is the beginning of children's formal literacy. However, children's interest and enthusiasm for literacy will not all follow this point in time.
Some children like reading when they are 4 years old, such as Coco, the daughter of colleague Shu. Coco also grew up in an environment that attached great importance to reading. At the age of 5, I began to read picture books independently and read a full set of magic school bus picture books.
Maruko can recite it almost word for word, because he has heard and seen different Ksenya Goryachova Camilla many times. Later, she read Melanie's story herself and naturally learned to read. At the age of five, Maruko's literacy reached 2000 words.
The sensitive period of children's literacy is sooner or later, and there is no right or wrong. When children want to study, parents can't stop them.
Some children can only know a few words when they are 6 years old, which is just as well. If appropriate methods and resources are used, children can quickly usher in an outbreak of literacy.
Yue Yue, a friend's child, can't read in kindergarten. When her parents tell her stories, they seldom refer to them. Yue Yue's father likes reading to his children very much, and Yue Yue also likes listening to his father's stories.
In kindergarten classes, picture book stories can't keep up with Yue Yue's demand for more exciting and complicated stories. Yue Yue's father began to read her classic children's literature. They spent two weeks reading Pinocchio, and then eagerly read The Secret Garden's Charlotte's Web. Five or six-year-old children, although they have little literacy, have enough understanding ability to support them to listen to such complicated stories.
While many children were reading picture books, Yue Yue and her father read many chapters together. These books are mainly written, which means they are not easy to read.
When Yue Yue was in primary school, his literacy was very small, and he only knew about 50 words.
However, due to the accumulation of listening to stories, Yue Yue started reading very fast. When she read the words on the paper that have appeared in her mind countless times, she felt a strong sense of surprise, and even a feeling of "we finally met."
Before she can read, she will point to the moon at night and say, "The moon is very high." . When she just learned the words "bright", "moon" and "high", she was very surprised when she pointed out the word "bright moon hanging high" in the book. Because "the moon hangs high" has long been a part of her vocabulary, she can read the last word "hanging" with the help of words such as "Ming", "Moon" and "Gao". This is the snowball effect of literacy.
The words "tolerance is great" and "suddenly enlightened" have long been in her vocabulary. When she read them in the book, she was surprised and said, "So these words have grown like this!" " .
Although she started reading words very late, because Yue Yue has accumulated many stories, she is now interested in knowing more words and reading those words and sentences that have been memorized.
Some children start reading without accumulating reading. Although they can read the sound of the word, they can't understand its meaning and usage. Just like some children can read every word of the topic, but they can't understand its meaning. That's because his reading comprehension foundation is too weak.
Listening to stories has always been preparing for reading. It is an important form of children's reading and the main way to build intelligence.
Second step
In life, literacy can occur naturally.
Six months before my children entered school, I began to consciously expose them to Chinese characters.
When entering the park gate, two signs were erected at the gate, one on the right said "entrance" and the other on the left said "exit". I asked Xinbao to lead the way and let her decide where to go in and out. After several times, she has confidently read out the "entrance" and "exit".
When I took the subway, I asked her to decide which direction was the way home. When waiting for the bus at the subway station, there are often a few minutes of free time, which is also the time when children love to interact with adults. I took this opportunity to let her observe the signs of the subway station. Find some simple words to read with her.
The environment we live in is an environment wrapped in Chinese characters. Our space is a three-dimensional encyclopedia.
Walking with children in this big book, stop and go, you can refer to it at any time, and you can have surprises and discoveries at any time.
In the great book of living environment, literacy can happen naturally.
Third step
Parent-child reading is the warmest time.
It is also the most delicate time to read.
When Xin Bao was less than one year old, my husband and wife began to tell her stories.
After opening the door for parents and children to read, we found that there were too many things to read. We often need to rob our children of their time, and even cause family conflicts because telling stories for too long delays their sleep.
Every time we read a book, we like to look at the cover. Many book titles contain a lot of information, which is intriguing and interesting to read.
Xinbao's earliest Chinese character enlightenment and even English reading began with reading the cover.
When reading picture books to children, I seldom point them out word by word. But if there are a few big characters in the picture book, I will take my child to read it, and she will be happy to read it along.
Sentences made up of some simple words that appear in story books can also be read again with children.
I also find that children like beautiful sentences very much. If you read a thrilling sentence in the process of reading a story, you can read it several times with your child.
Children will be happy to enjoy the artistic beauty of words.
In the process of enjoying reading with parents, it is also a time for children to have a strong interest in Chinese characters, words and beautiful sentences. This moment is the most subtle opportunity to take children to explore the beauty of Chinese characters and Chinese language.
Fourth step
Before you can read, explore the source of Chinese characters.
When I was a child, I seldom thought about a question: what are Chinese characters?
How did Chinese characters, even words, come into being? Speaking of it, I'm afraid it's a long story, but it will be a story that a child loves to hear.
How did ancient people record things?
The local picture book Memory Things may help children answer this question. This book shows in a humorous way how human beings have recorded the history of things for thousands of years. Knot notes, carved on the rock wall, and then recorded in words such as Oracle Bone Inscriptions.
Through a set of symbols left by hunters, learn Chinese characters from cats and deduce the earliest recording method of original images, and gradually simplify them into Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bronze inscriptions and seal script, so that children can understand how Chinese characters came into being and how they evolved into today's appearance.
Aoqingshu, an animation company with original strength in China, has created learning cats to teach Chinese characters. Wu Hanqing, founder of Qingqing Tree, graduated from Chinese Department of Peking University. This educational domestic animation systematically explains the origin and evolution of Chinese characters, how Chinese characters are simplified step by step, and decrypts the hidden story behind each Chinese character for children.
When parents accompany their children to watch learning cats, they can also watch them with relish to make up for the part of Chinese character knowledge system they lacked in the past.
▲ As a knowledge-based domestic animation, although the visual effect of "Learning Cats to Teach Chinese Characters" is not perfect, its knowledge structure is rigorous, which is very conducive to children's systematic understanding and understanding of Chinese characters.
▲ From the original image, to Oracle Bone Inscriptions, to the bronze inscription, to the seal script ... This is the historical evolution of Chinese characters.
In previous lives, people who knew Chinese characters, looking at today's simplified characters, would know the profound meaning behind each Chinese character and its historical changes.
Step five
Transition from picture to text,
Ideographic writing may be the best way.
This year, amazing changes have taken place in the Chinese textbooks of the first grade of primary school. Children don't have to learn pinyin from scratch, but learn some Chinese characters first to make them interested in Chinese characters.
In the first volume of the first grade textbook of People's Education Press, the fourth lesson is devoted to exposing children to hieroglyphics.
▲ The content of the fourth lesson in the Chinese textbook of the first grade of primary school last semester.
From kindergarten to primary school, in addition to the change of living habits, there are also changes in thinking habits and reading habits-from picture reading to text reading.
Ideographic characters, because they are evolved from physical objects, can be identified by combining pictures and characters. In the early stage of literacy, exposure to hieroglyphics may be the easiest way for children to read.
The glyph structure of a few pictographs is relatively complex, but most of them are relatively simple and belong to relatively easy-to-recognize characters.
▲ Oracle Bone Inscriptions Flash Card, an elephant Chinese character, helps children to read by combining pictures and texts. Children's books are available at the mother market.
▲ The Kingdom of Chinese Characters for Children, edited by Lin Xili, explains the origin and historical evolution of Chinese characters through a large number of pictures, so that children can thoroughly understand these Chinese characters.
Ideographic characters make Chinese characters vivid and easy to understand. Based on pictographs, words that are easier to understand can be further derived, such as seeing, smelling, stinking, breathing, breathing and so on.
This will not only make children feel afraid of difficulties, but also stimulate their curiosity and make them more confident and motivated in literacy and reading.
Step 6
Apply what you have learned,
Start reading with simple books.
Literacy is like recognizing people. See much, will naturally be called by name.
After reading, we need to strengthen the effect of reading and apply the words we have initially understood to sentences, so that we can really learn and use them flexibly.
Children who have just started reading are easily frustrated because most children's books are not for beginners to read independently. At this time, try to pick up your childhood picture book.
▲ Those picture books that have been idle for many years and have not had time to give them away will come in handy at this time. Narrating familiar content in words is also a wonderful experience for children. The three-stage repetition structure allows newly recognized words to be practiced and learned now.
Parents have talked about these picture books many times at home, and children are very familiar with the contents. With a little guidance, the child can read it. In addition, picture books often have a three-paragraph repetitive structure, which is very beneficial for children to read repeated sentences.
A book friend told me that her children started reading independently through the cartoons of Tintin Adventures. Easy reading books represented by comics are humorous and interesting, which can easily arouse children's interest. They will have to make up their minds to read by themselves before they are satisfied.
There are also some introductory books specially designed for toddlers, such as Reading Every Day specially designed for first-grade children and Putonghua Reader for Beginners designed for toddlers.
▲ Suitable for children in the first grade of primary school to read in the morning and recite at night. Choose beautiful and interesting songs and poems to make children fall in love with reading.
▲ The Putonghua Reader for Enlightened Children is written for children entering school for the first time. Large fonts can easily make children interested in literacy.
With a little guidance from parents, children can quickly get used to these primary books, which will not only make them discouraged, but also make them enjoy the satisfaction of reading.
The book Interesting Chinese Characters written by Xiong Liang is very interesting. Let children play Chinese games through emoticons, emotional words and positive and negative words. Every Chinese character is accompanied by short, interesting and rich words, so that children can start reading this book unconsciously.
Step 7
Break through high-frequency words,
Let literacy snowball.
In English reading, there is a term called "line-of-sight words", which means high-frequency words that you should read immediately when you look at them. There are a lot of books specially designed for seeing words in English reading materials.
Although some words meet the spelling rules, children are required not to spell in English reading.
Mastering these words at high frequency can clear away more than 15% of reading obstacles when reading any book, and greatly improve reading efficiency.
No matter what language, the reason for reading is the same. There are also high-frequency words in Chinese reading, which are most commonly used in word formation.
For example, some function words and adverbs are not as easy to identify as pictographs, nor as easy to understand as knowing words, but they appear frequently in reading. It is best to master these words with certain tools, and parents need to be more patient and persuasive, so that children can think deeply and draw inferences.
If you master the most commonly used high-frequency words and phrases in these word-formation, you can master other new words in reading and truly realize the snowball effect of literacy-driven literacy.