At the beginning of teaching Zhejiang University with the ambition of "saving the country through education" and "saving the country through industry", Li Zongheng made the ambition of making Zhejiang University a world-class university. 1April, 928, in his proposal to the school authorities to establish an experimental institute of chemical research and materials, he suggested that "a large number of studious and thoughtful people in the school should study science deeply and compete with western universities in a short time." He also asked teachers to be "unique, unique and ambitious." For students, as soon as they enter school, they should set up an ambition to make achievements in science and career. This is the educational thought of "three goals" advocated by him.
Li Shouheng first aimed at the advanced level of chemistry education in the United States, and drew up the grand goal of the first chemistry department in China reaching the world-class level. It has been 39 years since MIT 1888 set up chemical engineering courses, and China's chemical engineering higher education began in April 1927. At that time, the chemical industry and petroleum industry in the United States had made great progress, and chemistry education developed rapidly accordingly. During June1922-June 1937, the Chemical Education Committee of the American Society of Chemical Engineers conducted a rigorous audit of 82 universities with chemical engineering education in the United States, of which 28 universities were qualified, all of which were famous American universities. At that time, China's chemical industry was extremely weak and had no experience in chemical education. Therefore, Li Shouheng put forward: "To reach the level of chemistry education in the United States, it is not without the feeling of walking on thin ice." However, he remembered the old adage that it is difficult to start a business, and with the idea of "taking the law as the best, only getting the best", he asked the chemical engineering department of Zhejiang University to have high standards, strict requirements, a high starting point and characteristics from the beginning, not to surpass them in all aspects, at least to keep pace with them and be able to support each other.
At the beginning of the establishment of the Department of Chemical Engineering of Zhejiang University, Li Zongheng joined all the teachers and offered all the required courses. By 1930, the curriculum of chemical engineering department of Zhejiang University is basically the same as that of similar universities in the United States. Li Shousheng and other professors with excellent academic performance, lofty aspirations and rigorous scholarship come to teach in the department; At the same time, we have trained teachers with both ability and political integrity from our own graduates, thus forming a strong faculty in the Department of Chemical Engineering, with famous professors such as Su, Wu, Feng Xinde and Hou. Li Zongheng actively devotes himself to the construction of teaching equipment and books. 1930 chemical engineering department has successively established laboratories for inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, industrial analysis and industrial chemistry, and then the instruments and equipment have been gradually enriched and improved. The Department of Chemical Engineering of Zhejiang University is well-known at home and abroad for its complete literature and complete laboratory facilities for chemical engineering principles.
In view of the fact that there were few chemical plants at that time, the scale was small, the product variety was monotonous, the development was not as good as that of grain, metallurgy, ordnance and light industry, and the basic resources of fuel power came from coal, etc., Li Shouheng adjusted the curriculum and teaching time and formed its own characteristics. For example, students from the Department of Chemical Engineering in the United States pay special attention to physical metallurgy, while students from the Department of Chemical Engineering in Zhejiang University pay equal attention to both chemical metallurgy and physical metallurgy. Another example is math class. The United States only takes calculus and differential equations, differential equations are taught by the Department of Mathematics, and physics only takes general physics and physical experiments. Li Shouheng believes that "this is the defect of basic training." Zhejiang University focuses on new methods of graphic differentiation and digital differentiation, as well as graphic integration and graphic differential equations, and is taught by mathematicians trained in chemical engineering. Therefore, although the class hours are less than those in the United States, students learn as much math knowledge as American students. Another example is economics. In the United States, only economics and factory management courses are offered, while the Department of Chemical Engineering of Zhejiang University has added the course of engineering economics, so that students can "have foresight and correct criticism of the world economy." In the engineering discipline, the mechanical engineering and experiments of the mechanical department and the electrotechnics and experiments of the electrical department are all included in the mechanical aspect. Zhejiang University graduates are all over the country, including chemical industry, nuclear industry, metallurgy, machinery, electronics, food, light industry and even aerospace. They can meet the needs of their work and have made outstanding achievements, thanks to the engineering education with China characteristics founded by Li Shouheng.
Li Zongheng actively promoted the scientific management system and cultivated a good style of study during his tenure as Dean of Engineering College of Zhejiang University and presiding over the education work of Zhejiang University. From 65438 to 0936, Li Shouheng was the chairman of the Constitutional Committee of Zhejiang University. He has accumulated many years of teaching and administrative experience in colleges and universities. Under the leadership of President Zhu, he presided over the formulation of rules and regulations such as enrollment, student status management, registration statistics, credit system, graduate students, organization and representation of school affairs meetings, recruitment and appointment of faculty, part-time and part-time courses, scientific research and workshop practice, laboratory management, teaching equipment and book purchase management, fund planning and management, school organization system, tutorial system, school rules and regulations. It has formed a management system that restricts and cooperates with various general rules and specific implementation rules from teaching and scientific research to administration, materials, finance, school spirit and school rules. Moreover, most of these rules and regulations were revised and formulated on the way to western learning. In addition to formulating and implementing various teaching and administrative rules and regulations, Li Shouheng also stressed that schools must have strict discipline and cultivate good school spirit to train students. Advocate students to have a solid study style of studying hard and laying a good foundation; Teachers should study teaching methods and have a good teaching atmosphere of "using principles and methods"; The teacher hopes that everyone will participate in scientific research and form a strong scientific research atmosphere. Under the leadership of President Zhu Kezhen, Zhejiang University rose during the Anti-Japanese War and became a famous institution of higher learning with the same reputation as Tsinghua and Jiaotong University. Lie conservation plays an important role in it.
1952, adjustment of state departments. Faced with the situation that newly-built engineering colleges and countries are in urgent need of scientific and technological talents, in order to solve the shortage of teachers, Li Shouheng organized some professional teachers to undertake teaching and scientific research tasks to relevant industrial and mining enterprises for further study, and invited experts and engineering technicians with practical experience from enterprises to take part-time classes in schools; Require all teachers to teach and educate people; We should enrich the teaching content with scientific research results; All majors should do curriculum design and graduation design. He also took the lead in formulating the "Implementation Measures for Teachers' Overwork" and the "Regulations on Teaching Methods Committee"; Participate in the formulation of the school 12 development plan; Organize teachers and students to March into science; Unify the teaching plan of the whole school; Organize new teaching, scientific research, production and management systems. He is good at summing up fresh experience, and has long pointed out clearly that the Soviet model for running pure engineering schools has great limitations, and the combination of science and engineering is the development direction of colleges and universities. He realistically proposed to rebuild the three departments of mathematics, physics and chemistry, and to add new majors such as industrial enterprises, chemical machinery and casting. From 1952 to 1957, during Li Shouheng's tenure as provost and vice president, the education quality and scientific research level of Zhejiang University have been greatly improved, and it enjoys a good reputation at home and abroad. In the early 1960s, Li Shousheng was ordered to establish Zhejiang Institute of Chemical Technology. At that time, it was in the period of national economic difficulties, and it was even more difficult for the school to be built in the mountainous area of western Zhejiang. In order to ensure the quality of teaching, he proposed to strengthen the basic teaching, transfer the most experienced teachers to the basic course teaching, take the lead in teaching, hold teacher training courses and be the head teacher in person, improve the level of teachers through teaching, helping and teaching, and finally make the teaching quality basically meet the requirements stipulated by the Ministry. Li Shousheng, who is over 60 years old, has made great contributions to the establishment of Zhejiang Institute of Chemical Technology under extremely difficult conditions.
Carry forward the spirit of seeking truth from facts and cultivate outstanding talents
1938165438+10 Zhejiang University moved westward in October and temporarily stayed in Yishan, Guangxi. According to the school spirit and style of study formed by the development of Zhejiang University for more than ten years, Zhu Kezhen took "seeking truth" as the school motto of Zhejiang University. Li Shousheng carried forward the spirit of "seeking truth" of Zhejiang University in his long-term teaching practice. He advocated a series of excellent educational ideas and put them into practice, demanding teachers strictly and cultivating students. For students, he emphasizes strict requirements, lays a good foundation, and always pays attention to the "three basics" (basic theory, basic knowledge and basic skills) education from enrollment to graduation. He believes that every subject has its own theory and knowledge system, research methods and skills. In a knowledge system, all parts are interrelated and infiltrated. Therefore, when studying, we must be connected and integrated. He also emphasized the training of basic skills, that is, experimental techniques, testing techniques and operating techniques. He believes that compared with foreign countries, the gap is not in theory, but in skills. Only by learning skills well can we make better use of theory and knowledge. He asked both teachers and students to "thoroughly understand, firmly grasp, skillfully use, and draw inferences from others." He pays attention to cultivating students' independent thinking ability, working ability and self-study ability. He pays special attention to experimental teaching, combining teaching, scientific research and production closely, so that students can be competent in various engineering fields after graduation. In the early days of running a school, Li Zongheng managed to set up small chemical workshops in the Department of Chemical Engineering, such as soap making, tanning, grease and so on, for students to practice. As early as the early 1930s, Li Zongheng used his vacation to organize students to practice in Shanghai Tianyuan Electrochemical Plant and Nanjing Stone Coal Sulfuric Acid Plant of Yongli Chemical Company at that time, so as to cultivate students' practical working ability. At the beginning of the establishment of the Department of Chemical Engineering, Li Zongheng specially listed "magazine reporting" as a compulsory course to train students to read books and periodicals in order to learn the latest chemical knowledge. Li Shouheng also organized the establishment of academic journals to encourage teachers and students to conduct scientific research. Li Shouheng particularly emphasized the need for a good team of teachers. He believes that the teacher's influence on students often affects students' life, not only in learning, but also in thinking and style. He said, "It is very important to appoint excellent teachers to run a school well." He asked teachers: (1) to persevere, work hard and make excellent achievements in teaching and scientific research. (2) We should have the spirit of hard work, self-reliance, enterprising competition and unwilling to lag behind. (3) Have profound knowledge, unique opinions and lofty aspirations of your own school. (4) In teaching practice, we should try our best to bring forth the old and bring forth the new. Textbooks must be revised every year to reduce outdated or superficial content and supplement the latest scientific achievements. (5) Read the latest books and periodicals regularly and persistently to understand the latest level of scientific and technological development in the world. (6) Scientific research must be carried out, so that teaching and scientific research complement each other, and students pay equal attention to their hands and brains to improve teaching quality. (7) Teachers in universities of science and engineering should not only have a solid knowledge of natural science, but also have a certain knowledge of humanities, so as to integrate arts and sciences and educate students to have both "literature" and "martial arts" (natural science and technical knowledge). (8) Pay attention to teaching learning methods and cultivate students' self-study ability. Li Shousheng believes that teachers who are truly talented, unique, independent and have outstanding achievements should be given sincere support and encouragement. Li Shousheng is strict with himself, setting an example and taking the lead in cultivating a good school spirit and style of study. Under his leadership, the Department of Chemical Engineering of Zhejiang University quickly formed an excellent faculty. He especially insisted on high standards and strict requirements for young teachers, such as stipulating that young teachers must do a lot of exercises, and the director of the teaching and research section and the head of the department will arrange inspections. Mathematics teaching assistants usually have to complete at least 2000 exercises. After he was over 70 years old, he personally taught basic courses such as chemical engineering principles and showed them to young teachers.
During his long educational career, Li Shousheng has trained thousands of undergraduates and more than 40 graduate students all over the world. Many of them are the backbone of national construction, experts, scholars, professors and heads of leading departments at all levels, including academicians of China Academy of Sciences.
Attach importance to the combination of scientific research, teaching and research.
Li Zongheng is an active advocate and practitioner of the combination of chemical education and scientific research. As early as the second year 1928 of the establishment of the Department of Chemical Engineering of Zhejiang University, he suggested that the Department of Chemical Engineering should set up a school of chemical engineering, and put forward that "education cannot be without advanced research". "China University is not easy to learn, and there is nowhere to learn, so it can't support western universities. Therefore, if China wants to make great progress in science, the first thing is to set up research institutes in famous universities. " He proposed that the purpose of the institute is: "(1) to give university professors the opportunity to conduct advanced research; (2) Let students practice solving various scientific problems and understand the importance of advanced research; (3) Advocating and rewarding students to study science deeply; (4) As a scientific advisory body of society or industry. "As early as during his study in the United States, Li Zongheng was highly praised by his tutor Professor Parr because of his solid foundation in various disciplines and strong scientific research ability, and took the initiative to apply for a research assistant position for him. Li Shouheng was very interested in coal research, and continued to engage in coal chemistry and chemical research after returning to China. 1937 published the paper "Study on Applicability of Parr Pure calorific value of coal Classification to China Coal". This paper has been highly praised by academic circles at home and abroad, and has been cited by the monograph Coal Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (edited by HH Lowry).
194 1 year, Li Cunsheng established the Institute of Chemical Engineering in Zunyi. Under the extremely difficult conditions during the Anti-Japanese War, he painstakingly managed the research institute, led the teachers and students of the Department of Chemical Engineering to persist in scientific research, and achieved high academic level and application value. The paper "Pyrolysis of Wood Oil", which he collaborated with Li Pansheng, a student and young teacher, won the honorary nomination award 194 1 at the annual meeting of China Institution of Engineers. Li Zongheng and Zhao Shancheng conducted an experimental study on Zunyi clay activation, which provided a scientific basis for the development and utilization of clay resources. Li Zongheng also instructed graduates to carry out scientific research in combination with graduation project, such as Zhu to carry out research on Tuanxi manganese mine in Zunyi and obtain manganese dioxide, which made pioneering contributions to the application of strategic resources in this place and the great development of manganese mine enterprises today, and was praised by Professor Needham in Britain. He also instructed Deng Songjiu to study the washability of Guizhou coal, supported Su to improve the extraction process, and supported Hou to study dyes, all of which achieved important results.
Li Zongheng formed a series of guiding ideology in leading the teaching and scientific research work of the school:
1. Pay equal attention to teaching and scientific research. Li Shousheng believes that teaching and scientific research are complementary and should be complementary. Without scientific research, the quality of teaching cannot be improved. 2. Establish scientific research institutions. Li Shouheng believes that colleges and universities have accumulated a large number of studious people, which is an important force to promote national scientific and technological progress. The establishment of scientific research institutes in colleges and universities is not only a place for scientific research, but also a base for cultivating senior scientific and technological talents.
3. Conduct advanced research. Li Shouheng believes that advanced research is to grasp the latest subject of discipline development, dare to compete with western universities in scientific research, and surpass them, so that China can make great progress in science. 4. Universities should attach importance to the cultivation of students' scientific research ability. Li Shouheng believes that teaching and scientific research are like two arms of a human being, and both of them are indispensable to become excellent scholars. Senior students should pay more attention to cultivating and solving various problems in scientific research, understand the importance of advanced research, and encourage achievements.
Lie conservation
Scientific research should be combined with practice. The research topic should be a major issue in the development of science and technology and production practice, and the results should serve the production and construction, social progress and economic development. 6. There should be leaders to carry out scientific research step by step, and there should be no waiting thought. It is necessary to create conditions in scientific research practice and gradually develop from low to high and from easy to difficult. We should also overcome conservative thinking and take greater steps. To carry out scientific research, teachers need to actively participate and form an atmosphere.
7. Scientific research institutions are also scientific consulting institutions of society or industry and should serve decision-making. Scientific research should face the society and popularize the application of scientific research results.
8. Work hard and be self-reliant. Li Zongheng always believes that the success and achievement of the cause depends on hard work and self-reliance. We should create conditions for experiments and scientific research in practice. He founded a small chemical plant, combined with teaching practice and scientific experiments, produced soap, ink, cream and other products, accumulated funds to improve school conditions, and subsidized difficult students to work and study. He said, "this is good for society, schools and individuals, and can achieve the effect of killing three birds with one stone." Li Zongheng has always been concerned about the cause of chemical science and technology in Zhejiang Province and made every effort to promote its development. It has made important contributions to the establishment of Zhejiang Institute of Chemical Technology (Zhejiang Institute of Chemical Technology). Under his leadership, that is, from 1958 to 1965, this research institute has made many important scientific research achievements, such as precipitated calcium phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, polyvinyl chloride spinning and pesticides malathion, toxaphene, methyl 1605 and so on. Most of them won the National Science Conference Award and the Science and Technology Achievement Award of the Ministry of Chemical Industry, realizing industrial production inside and outside the province.
(Author: Ma Fulian Ma Ruichun)