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The Historical Evolution of Nanjing Museum
1933 the preparatory office of the central museum in president, China was established at the initiative of Mr Cai Yuanpei, a modern democratic revolutionary, educator and then president of academia sinica. Mr. Cai personally served as the chairman of the first board of directors and acquired 65,438+02.9 hectares of land in Zhongshan Gate Mid-level Garden. Originally, three museums were planned: Humanities, Craft and Nature. However, due to the current situation, only the Humanities Museum, which is the main hall of Nanjing Museum, was built. The building is an imitation of the palace building in Liao Dynasty, designed by the famous architect Xu Jingzhi in the Republic of China and modified by the architect Liang Sicheng.

At that time, through acquisition, allocation and excavation, about 200,000 to 300,000 pieces of national first-class treasures were collected, including the map of emperors in past dynasties, the map of the Tang Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty, and the map of emperors' wealth. Rare national treasures such as Mao in bronzes and stepmother Wu Ding.

Nanjing Museum was the only modern comprehensive large-scale museum in China at that time, which was modeled after the first-class museums in Europe and America. It was directly under the leadership of the then Ministry of Education, and the Beiping History Museum was once a branch of the Central Museum.

1July, 934, Fu resigned due to the busy work of Academia Sinica, and the Ministry of Education hired him to succeed him. After Li Ji took office, he set out to build the main building of the museum, and established the Architectural Committee of the Central Museum, with Weng as the chairman and Fu Rulin, Ding Wenjiang, Liang Sicheng and others as members.

At the first meeting on July 26th, 1934 elected Zhang Daofan, Fu Sinian and Ding Wenjiang as standing members and appointed Liang sicheng as special members. The meeting also discussed the issue of land acquisition on campus. On August 4th, the preparatory office formally sent a letter to the Nanjing Municipal Government, intending to expropriate the old flag land in the north of Zhongshan Gate Road as the site of the hospital. In April, 1935, the municipal government officially approved, and Mid-Levels Garden 100 mu of flag land was designated as the hospital site, and then it increased by 93 mu. The land price, young crops and demolition expenses are more than 50,000 yuan, which are subsidized by Academia Sinica and distributed by 1935 respectively. The construction fee is subsidized by the board of directors who manages Sino-British Geng Fund by 6.5438+0.5 million yuan. At that time, it was planned to build: natural museum 14 10 flat abbot, humanities museum 1320 flat abbot, craft museum 2000 flat abbot, public 270 flat abbot and * * 5000 flat abbot. The construction project is divided into three stages. The first phase includes the administrative office building and the humanities museum, which is temporarily shared by the three museums.

1935 the second meeting adopted the regulations on inviting architectural design on April 6, 2006, and invited three architects, including Li Zongkan, Li Jinpei, Jingzhi Xu and Yang Tingbao, to submit their design works for the election. The judging committee consists of Chairman Hang, famous architect and special committee member Liang Sicheng, who manages Sino-British Geng Fund. After examination, all the patterns do not conform to the provisions of the articles of association, and it is decided to choose the more suitable and most valuable pattern from all the drawings. By secret ballot, the judges unanimously selected the design scheme designed by Jingzhi Xu, the architect of Xingye Architectural Office, and reported it to the Ministry of Education for the record. Jingzhi Xu was hired by the Architectural Committee of the Institute as the architect of the Institute. Together with Liang Sicheng, a member of the special committee, he revised the original drawings, surveyed the site of the Institute, and guided and supervised the construction work. At the beginning of June of the same year, 65438+ 10, more than a dozen architectural designs participating in the election were also exhibited in the museum preparation office.

On September 6th 1935, in the 13 campaign design scheme, the architectural design scheme proposed by Jingzhi Xu, an architect of Xingye Architectural Office, was selected, and Jingzhi Xu was appointed as the architect of the preparatory office. The clubhouse originally designed by Xu Jingzhi was a style building, and later it was transformed into a Liao style building together with Liang Sicheng. The interior of the showroom is a western-style building.

In order to strengthen the leadership of the preparatory office of the Central Museum, the first Council of the Central Museum was established in April 1936 and held its first meeting. The Ministry of Education, together with the Academia Sinica, hired three directors, namely Cai Yuanpei, Wang Shijie, Hu Shi, Bing Zhi, Zhu, Weng, and so on 13, and elected Cai Yuanpei as the director and Fu Sinian as the secretary-general. Drafting and adopting the Rules of Procedure of the Council of the National Central Museum and the Provisional General Rules for the Organization of the Museum of the National Central Museum, and determining that the duties of the Council are to recommend the dean, be responsible for reviewing the budget and final accounts, supervise the preservation of the collection, and set up various academic research special committees. In the same year 165438+ 10/2, a grand groundbreaking ceremony was held. Cai Yuanpei went to Nanjing to preside over the groundbreaking ceremony and the second meeting of the Council. 1940 after the death of Mr. Cai Yuanpei, Wang Shijie served as the chairman.

On June 6th, 1936, the first phase of the National Central Museum started construction. In the same year165438+1October 12, the foundation laying ceremony of the construction project was held. 1August, 937, due to the change of the current situation, the first phase of the construction project was forced to stop work after 75% was completed. 1947, the first phase of the project continued according to the original design and was completed in early 1948.

During the Anti-Japanese War, the preparatory office of the Central Museum and its cultural relics moved out of Nanjing at the end of 1937, and the cultural relics moved to the southwest in three ways. After several twists and turns, I finally settled in Lizhuang, Yibin at the end of 1940. Together with the Institute of History and Language of Academia Sinica, Tongji University, China Architecture Society, Jinling Women's University, Peking University and other famous research and education institutions, it became the name of Lizhuang Anti-Japanese Cultural Center. From May 1946 to March 1947, all the cultural relics were transported back to Nanjing.

During the Japanese occupation of Nanjing, there was an air defense headquarters in the museum, and the completed part was greatly transformed, with many damages and serious losses. 1From August, 946 to February, 65438+, the construction committee of Zhongshan Inner Courtyard held three consecutive meetings to discuss and pass the restoration project plan. Before the restoration plan was determined, Fu Sinian, on behalf of the Construction Committee, solved the problem of the original contractor Jiang Yuji through negotiation, and was able to bid for resumption of work. After public bidding, Lu Yuanji, with the lowest quotation and good reputation, won the bid.

1946, 1946 After signing the contract in February, construction started immediately, and it was still carried out according to the original design pattern. The main projects include the exhibition room, lecture hall and library of the humanities museum, the office of the board of directors and dean, the repository and research room of the humanities museum. Electrical, health and fire protection supporting projects are also carried out in the form of bidding.

1April, 948, the first phase of the project and its ancillary works were completed and passed the acceptance. From May 29th to June 8th, the Central Museum and the Preparatory Office of the Palace Museum held a joint exhibition in the newly-built museum exhibition room, displaying bronzes of Shang and Zhou Dynasties, cultural relics of Han Dynasty, national cultural relics and statues of emperors of past dynasties. Visitors were blocked by Chiang Kai-shek and Yu Youren.

1949 After the founding of New China, Nanjing Museum entered a new historical stage, still called "National Central Museum", directly led by the Central Ministry of Culture.

On March 9th, 1950 was officially renamed as "National Nanjing Museum" with the approval of the Ministry of Culture. It is still a comprehensive national museum of history and art, led by the Cultural Relics Bureau of the Ministry of Culture, with funds allocated by the central government and tasks directly arranged by the Ministry of Culture, such as the excavation of the Second Mausoleum in the Southern Tang Dynasty and the investigation of tombs in the Six Dynasties. In the early 1950s, the people's government allocated funds to repair and build the museum. At this point, the first phase of the museum's construction project was finally completed. The main building of the museum perfectly embodies the spirit and requirements of the design mode. The image is simple and solemn, and the momentum is majestic and tall. Because the eaves are curved on both sides, they gradually tilt upward, which makes them slightly light and not dull and heavy. It has become an eye-catching and memorable scenery in the east of Nanjing.

1July, 950, led by the Ministry of Culture of East China, belongs to the museums in East China, including five provinces and one city in Southeast China (Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan Province and Shanghai). The East China Cultural Relics Team has also been established, and the team headquarters is located in Nanjing Museum. During this period, the portrait tomb of Han Dynasty in Yinan, Shandong, the tomb of Caihou in Chunqiu, Shouxian, Anhui, the Neolithic site of Laoheshan in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, and Tan Shi in Minhou, Fujian.

1954 After the revocation of East China in September, Nanjing Museum, led by the Cultural Bureau of Jiangsu Provincial Government, is a national comprehensive museum of history and art and a national key museum.

On May 1956 and 17, President Zeng presided over the formulation of the Outline of the Twelve-year Vision Plan of Nanjing Museum (1956- 1967). According to the nature of Nanjing Museum as a museum of material and cultural history in southeast China at that time, it is proposed that one of the main tasks of Nanjing Museum is to collect and preserve archaeology in southeast China. Another task is to train cadres for the history museums in the whole country, especially in the five southeast provinces, and provide professional guidance for the provincial history museums in the five provinces and the history departments in geological museum.

1 959 March1day, Jiangsu Provincial Museum and Jiangsu Provincial Cultural Relics Management Committee moved to Nanjing Museum for office and were re-elected as the dean.

On March 9th, 1983, the 50th anniversary celebration of Nanjing Museum was grandly held, and the 50th anniversary exhibition of Nanjing Museum was opened. Hundreds of leaders of jiangsu provincial party committee and Nanjing Municipal Committee and related experts and scholars at home and abroad attended the celebration. The annual academic report will be held from 10 to 1 1. During the period, five ginkgo trees were planted on the west side of the courtyard gate as a memorial.

1984, the newly-built cultural relics protection science and technology experimental building was completed and put into use by Nanjing Museum.

1992165438+10, the new cultural relics storage warehouse designed by Jiangsu Institute of Classical Architecture and Landscape Design started construction, with a building area of 3,456 square meters. 1994165438+10.

1in March, 993, the foundation stone was laid for the expansion project on the occasion of the 60th anniversary celebration of Nanjing Museum.

On September 26th, 1999, as one of the six major cultural landmark projects in Jiangsu Province, the Art Exhibition Hall of Nanjing Museum was completed and opened. The building area of the museum is 16836 square meters, with a total investment of 654.38+37 million yuan. /kloc-0 started construction in June, 1995;/kloc-0 completed the main building in September, 1997;/kloc-0 completed the decoration and other equipment works in August, 1999. The People's Government of Jiangsu Province held an opening ceremony for this purpose.

In 2009, in order to meet the needs of development, the second phase reconstruction and expansion project of Nanjing Museum started, with a total construction area of 84,500 square meters and an exhibition area of 26,000 square meters. The reconstruction and expansion follow the principle of "combining the old with the new, combining the ground with the underground". The whole old museum has been upgraded by three meters by hanging and jacking technology, and the skyline with the purple mountain as the background and the history museum with the main hall as the main body have been retained. At the same time, the art museum is transformed, and the characteristic museum, the Republic of China museum, the digital museum and the non-legacy museum are built, forming a pattern of "one hospital and six museums". The architectural layout embodies the concept of "gold inlaid with jade, treasure in it", and forms a visual balance in front and back relationship, cornice height, material color, detail decoration and so on. The overall style has both traditional elements and modern flavor, and the two are coordinated and integrated.

201165438 On October 6th, 2003+/kloc-0, the Nanjing Museum reopened, the second phase expansion project was completed, and the old museum was upgraded by 3 meters as a whole. In order to ensure that this cultural relic was not damaged, the new museum was interconnected in the basement. Finally, the Nanjing Museum will present "one hospital and six museums", that is, on the basis of the original historical museums and art galleries, the Republic of China Museum, intangible exhibition halls and museums will be added.