Shang Yang escaped from Wei and entered Qin. Qin Xiaogong appointed him as Prime Minister and gave him a piece of commercial land, that is, when the so-called Shang Jun Shang Jun governed the State of Qin, the laws and regulations were implemented as soon as they arrived, and they were impartial. When punishing, don't avoid powerful people; Don't be partial to your cronies when rewarding merit.
The prince broke the law by tattooing the teacher's face and cutting off his nose. A year later, no one picked up what others left on the road, and no one dared (arbitrarily) to seek improper property. Weapons and equipment have been greatly enhanced, and other countries are afraid. But he was unfriendly to the people and showed little kindness. He just used tough means to make people obey him.
2. Original text:
Gong Sunyang died in Wei and entered Qin. Filial piety thought that it was a phase, and it was named Shangjun. Shang Jun ruled the Qin Dynasty, and the laws and regulations were implemented impartially and selflessly. The punishment was outspoken and powerful, and the reward was not private, and the law was like a prince. After the new year, the road will not be picked up, the people will not take it in vain, and the soldiers will be strong and the princes will be afraid. However, I am deeply grateful and I am particularly convinced.
Extended data:
First, the story background
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the feudal system collapsed and centralization of authority was established. During this period, the use of iron farm tools and the gradual popularization of Niu Geng led to the original state-owned land ownership being gradually replaced by private land ownership, and two opposing classes of landlords and peasants appeared.
With the growth of economic strength, the emerging military landlord class demanded corresponding political rights, which caused changes in social order. Therefore, there are demands for political reform, the development of feudal economy and the establishment of landlord class rule. Countries have set off political reform movements, such as the Li Kui Reform of Wei State and the Wuqi Reform of Chu State.
In the early Warring States, the collapse of the well-field system and the emergence of private ownership of land, the tax reform of Qin was later than that of the other six countries, and the social and economic development was also behind the six countries of Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao, Wei and Han. In order to strengthen the strength of Qin State and be in a favorable position in the hegemony of vassal States, Qin Xiaogong introduced talents and made efforts to reform the country.
Second, the source appreciation:
The book Warring States Policy reflects the social outlook of the Warring States Period. At that time, the intellectual spirit was not only a historical work, but also a very good historical prose. As a historical material reflecting the history of the Warring States, it objectively recorded some major historical events at that time and was a vivid portrayal of the history of the Warring States.
It recorded in detail the speeches and deeds of strategists at that time, showed their mental outlook and ideological talents, and also recorded the lifestyles of some brave people.
The literary achievements of Warring States Policy are also outstanding. In the history of China literature, it marks a new period in the development of China's ancient prose, with outstanding literariness, especially in the depiction of characters.
The use of language and characters, fables and stories have very distinctive artistic characteristics. Lu, a beginner in the Qing Dynasty, called the Warring States policy "the strangeness of its articles is enough to entertain people's eyes and ears, and the cleverness of its changes is enough to make bad people's hearts".
Baidu Encyclopedia-Shang Yang Governing Qin Dynasty
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Baidu Encyclopedia-Shang Yang Reform
2. Shang Yang governs Thailand and Shang Yang governs Qin.
Wei Yang (2) died in Wei and entered Qin. Filial piety thinks that it is the phase, the seal is the honor, the title is the monarch, the Qin dynasty is ruled, and the law is enforced, impartial and selfless, and the punishment is outspoken and powerful, and the reward is not private, and the law is like a prince. Four years later, the road is not connected, the people do not take it in vain, the soldiers are strong, and the ministers are afraid. However, I am deeply grateful and I am particularly convinced.
Word annotation
① Selected from The Warring States Policy. ② Wei Yang: Shang Yang, surnamed Gongsun, was a patriot during the Warring States Period, so he was called Wei Yang. Because Qin once named him Shang (now Shang County, Shaanxi Province), he was called Shang Yang in the history books. (3) q0ng (y@): ancient torture. Tattooing sinners' faces; Here, cut off your nose. ④ Period (j9) year: anniversary. ⑤ Ge Bing: the floorboard of weapons and armor. Leather, nails made of leather. 6 unforgettable, ungrateful: unkind and ungrateful.
Poetry translation
Wei Yang fled from the state of Wei to the state of Qin, and Qin Xiaogong worshipped him as a relative and gave him the commercial land. History says that when Shang Jun ... Shang Jun governed the state of Qin, the laws and regulations were most effectively implemented and impartial. Powerful people are still punished for breaking the law; Reward according to merit, not favoring cronies. Even the prince broke the law. Although it is not easy to punish him, we should stab the teacher in the face and cut off his nose as an example. A year later, no one picked up things left by others on the road, and no one dared to seek improper property. In this way, the state of Qin was so powerful that the governors were afraid. Shang Yang, on the other hand, was mean and unkind, and he just used powerful methods to subdue people.
3. Wei Yang's reform in classical Chinese translation Original text: Wei Yang died in Qin, filial piety thought it was a phase, sealed it to the business, called Shang Jun, ruled Qin, enforced the law, was impartial and selfless, and the punishment was straightforward and powerful, rewarding the impersonal, and the law was like a prince. After the new year, the road will not be picked up, the people will not take it in vain, and the soldiers will be strong and the princes will be afraid. However, I am deeply grateful and I am particularly convinced. After eight years of filial piety, you can't afford to get sick. He wanted to preach to Shang Jun, but he refused to resign. ..... When I returned, I got off the bus, but the Qin people didn't pity me.
Translation:
Wei Yang fled from Wei to Qin, made him prime minister, and gave him a place to do business, the so-called "Shang Jun". Shang Jun ruled the State of Qin, with strong laws and regulations and impartiality. Punish, do not avoid dignitaries as their agents; Clear rewards and punishments, no favoritism, special cronies, enforcement of the law as for the prince, according to the law. The teacher and Fu broke the law and were sentenced to "Fu" and "Mo". After a week, no one picked up the things lost on the road, and no one took the wrong property. The national strength is greatly increased, and the princes are all afraid. But the punishment is severe, lacking mercy, and only weak by coercion.
Eighteen years after Filial Piety implemented Shang Jun's new law, she was seriously ill and bedridden. He intended to transfer his position to Shang Jun, but Shang Jun's polite refusal was unaffected.
After Xiao Gong's death, Hui Wang succeeded to the throne, and soon after Shang Jun came to power, he asked to abdicate and return home. Someone lobbied Hui Wang to say, "Too much power of ministers will endanger the country, while too close relationship with ministers will endanger themselves. Now even women and children in China say that the law is the law of the Shang king, not the law of the king. In this way, the monarch becomes the master and the king becomes the minister. Besides, Shang Jun is the king's enemy. I hope the king will find a way to deal with him. "
Shang Jun was afraid of being punished and wanted to return to Wei. Qin people forbade him to leave the country, saying, "The laws in Shang Jun are very strict." Therefore, he can't leave the country, so he has no choice but to return. King Hui executed Shang Yang with the capital punishment of cherries, but the Qin people did not sympathize.
4. I hope that the classical Chinese translation of Shang Yang's political reform will help you: Wei Yang was originally used for filial piety, and I was afraid that the world would talk about myself if I wanted to reform.
People will not believe it if it is forbidden. Is to set up a tree at the south gate of the country to raise ten gold for those who can move to the north gate. People blame it and dare not migrate.
He replied, "Fifty gold for those who can move!" There is a person who moves to it and needs to pay 50 gold, making it clear that he will not cheat. Order of death
-Excerpt from the translation of Historical Records Volume 68 Biography of Shang Jun Xiao Gong appointed Wei Yang, hoping to implement the policy of reforming and strengthening the country, lest the world criticize him. The law has been completed, but it has not been published. (Shang Yang) I was afraid that the people wouldn't trust me, so I set up a 30-foot-long wooden pole at the south gate of Guodu Market, and offered ten gold to anyone who could move to the north gate.
People were surprised at this, and no one dared to touch the wooden pole. Then he announced the order: "Whoever can move there will be given 50 ounces of gold."
A man moved a wooden pole to the north gate and immediately gave him fifty gold coins to show that there was no fraud. Finally, the law was promulgated.
5. Wei Yang fled from Wei to Qin, made him prime minister, and gave him a place to do business, the so-called "Shang Jun". Shang Jun ruled the State of Qin, with strong laws and regulations and impartiality. Punish, do not avoid dignitaries as their agents; Clear rewards and punishments, no favoritism, special cronies, enforcement of the law as for the prince, according to the law. The teacher and Fu broke the law and were sentenced to "Fu" and "Mo". After a week, no one picked up the things lost on the road, and no one took the wrong property. The national strength is greatly increased, and the princes are all afraid. But the punishment is severe, lacking mercy, and only weak by coercion.
Eighteen years after Filial Piety implemented Shang Jun's new law, she was seriously ill and bedridden. He intended to transfer his position to Shang Jun, but Shang Jun's polite refusal was unaffected.
After Xiao Gong's death, Hui Wang succeeded to the throne, and soon after Shang Jun came to power, he asked to abdicate and return home. Someone lobbied Hui Wang to say, "Too much power of ministers will endanger the country, while too close relationship with ministers will endanger themselves. Now even women and children in China say that the law is the law of the Shang king, not the law of the king. In this way, the monarch becomes the master and the king becomes the minister. Besides, Shang Jun is the king's enemy. I hope the king will find a way to deal with him. "
Shang Jun was afraid of being punished and wanted to return to Wei. Qin people forbade him to leave the country, saying, "The laws in Shang Jun are very strict." Therefore, he can't leave the country, so he has no choice but to return. King Hui executed Shang Yang with the capital punishment of cherries, but the Qin people did not sympathize.
6. Wei Yang died and Wei entered Qin. 1. Wei Yang fled from the state of Wei to the state of Qin, made him prime minister, sealed his commercial land, and called him Shangjun.
Shang Jun ruled the state of Qin. His laws and regulations were very complete, and he was honest and selfless. He punished the offenders for not avoiding the strong race, and rewarded those who made meritorious deeds for not favoring relatives and trusted ministers. Law and discipline involved the prince, and even the prince's teacher was punished. One year after the implementation of Shang Jun's Law, no one picked up the things lost on the road, and ordinary people dared not take wealth indiscriminately. This country is very powerful, so the governors are afraid of Qin.
However, Shang Jun's law enforcement was too strict, and he only forced his ministers and people to obey by coercive means. After eight years of ruling the country according to the laws of Shang Jun, Qin Xiaogong was seriously ill and wanted to pass the throne to Shang Jun, but Shang Jun politely refused to accept it.
Later, Xiao Gong died and his son Hui Wang succeeded to the throne. Shortly after taking office, I was afraid of setting myself up and wanted to go back to Wei. Someone said to King Hui: "Too high a minister's reputation will harm the country, and too close to his aides will harm the king himself.
Nowadays, even the women and children of Qin are talking about the decrees, but no one is talking about your decrees. This is the Shang Dynasty's rebellion against ministers, and your majesty has become a human minister.
Shang Jun is the king's enemy! I hope the king will take measures against him. "Shang Jun did not return to Wei, but returned to Qin. King Hui of Qin tortured him, but Qin people did not pity him.
Second, the original text: The Warring States Policy of the Western Han Dynasty Liu Xiang Wei Yang died in Wei and entered Qin. Xiaozong thought it was a phase, sealed it as a business, called it Shangjun, and Shang Jun ruled Qin, with strict laws and regulations, impartiality, punishing evil and promoting good, rewarding impersonal people, and acting like a prince.
After the new year, the road will not be picked up, the people will not take it in vain, and the soldiers will be strong and the princes will be afraid. However, I am deeply grateful and I am particularly convinced.
Eight years of filial piety can't afford to get sick. I want to be a rich Shang Jun, but I won't accept it. After the death of filial piety, after Hui Wang took office, he was in power for a period of time, and Shang Jun came back.
Some people say that Hui Wang said, "If a minister is overweight, the country will be in danger, and those who are too close to him will be in danger. Today, women and babies in the Qin Dynasty are talking about Shang Jun's law and Mo Yan's law.
It's Shang Wang who opposes the Lord, and Wang Gengchen. Besides, the husband is a gentleman in business, and the king bears a grudge against him. I hope the king can figure it out.
When he returned, he smashed the car, but the Qin people did not pity him. Extended information 1. Liu Xiang (about 77-6 years ago), also known as Liu Gengsheng, has a proper word.
Confucian classics, bibliographers and writers in the Western Han Dynasty. Pei county (now Jiangsu) people.
Grandson of King Jiao Liu IV of Chu Yuan. When Xuan Di proclaimed himself emperor in the Han Dynasty, he advised doctors.
Zong Zheng was appointed Emperor of the Han Dynasty. Against eunuch Gong Hong, Shi Xian went to prison, waiting to be released.
Later, he was imprisoned for anti-Gong and anti-Xian. After Emperor Cheng of Han acceded to the throne, he was appointed as Dr. Guanglu and renamed "Xiang", and officials went to the school to comfort him.
I was ordered to lead the school secretary and write the earliest open book catalogue "Bielu" in China. Treating the biography of Liang in the Spring and Autumn Period.
Second, a brief introduction to Qin Xiaogong (3865438 BC+65438 BC+February 6th BC-338 BC), who won the surname Zhao, whose Yuejueshu was Qin Pingwang, and whose Historical Records recorded the famous Quliang. The son of Qin Xiangong, the monarch of Qin State in the Warring States Period, reigned from 3665438 BC to 338 BC.
Qin Xiaogong made great use of Wei Yang (that is, Shang Yang) to carry out political reform, rewarded the agricultural war, moved the capital to Xianyang (now northeast of Xianyang, Shaanxi), set up county-level administration, and opened up a new road. While strengthening centralization, we will continuously improve agricultural production. Externally, Qin signed a treaty with Chu and North Korea, and joined forces with Qi and Zhao to attack Anyi, the capital of Wei (now northwest of Xia County, Shanxi Province), extending its territory to the east of Luoshui. Since then, the national strength has become stronger and stronger, which laid the foundation for Qin to unify China.
7. Translation of Classical Chinese {Wei Yang died in Wei Qin} Full-text translation and achievements of Shang Yang's political reform {original sentence}. Shang Yang is the translation of Wei Yang who died in Wei State and entered Qin State;
Wei Yang fled from Wei to Qin, made him prime minister, and gave him a piece of commercial land, called ... Shang Jun ruled Qin, and his laws and regulations were very complete, and he was honest and selfless. He punished the offenders for not avoiding the strong race, and rewarded those who made meritorious deeds for not favoring relatives and trusted ministers. Law and discipline involved the prince, and even the prince's teacher was punished.
One year after the implementation of Shang Jun's Law, no one picked up the things lost on the road, and ordinary people dared not take wealth indiscriminately. This country is very powerful, so the governors are afraid of Qin. However, Shang Jun's law enforcement was too strict, and he only forced his ministers and people to obey by coercive means.
After eight years of ruling the country according to the laws of Shang Jun, Qin Xiaogong was seriously ill and wanted to pass the throne to Shang Jun, but Shang Jun politely refused to accept it. Later, Xiao Gong died and his son Hui Wang succeeded to the throne. Shortly after taking office, I was afraid of setting myself up and wanted to go back to Wei.
Someone said to King Hui: "Too high a minister's reputation will harm the country, and too close to his aides will harm the king himself. Nowadays, even the women and children of Qin are talking about the decrees, but no one is talking about your decrees.
This is the Shang Dynasty's rebellion against ministers, and your majesty has become a human minister. Shang Jun is the king's enemy! I hope the king will take measures against him. "Shang Jun did not return to Wei, but returned to Qin. King Hui of Qin tortured him, but Qin people did not pity him.
Achievements of Shang Yang's political reform;
1. After Shang Yang's political reform, Qin changed the old relations of production economically, abandoned mines to open houses, and fundamentally established private ownership of land;
2. Politically, the old patriarchal clan system was impacted and disintegrated, the state mechanism was more perfect, and the centralized construction began.
3. Militarily, rewarding the meritorious military service achieved Qiang Bing's goal, greatly improved the combat effectiveness of the army, and developed into the most powerful country in the late Warring States period, which created favorable conditions for Qin's subsequent strategic development and laid the foundation for the reunification of the whole country.
Shang Yang (about 395-338 BC) was born in Dunqiu, Weiguo (now Liangzhuang Town, Neihuang County, Anyang City, Henan Province). Politicians, reformers, thinkers in the Warring States period, representatives of legalists, descendants of the king who defended the country.
Shang Yang assisted Qin Xiaogong and actively promoted political reform, making A Qin a rich and powerful country, which is known as Shang Yang's political reform in history. Politically, the household registration, bugle call, land system, administrative divisions, taxation, weights and measures, folk customs, etc. of Qin State were reformed and harsh laws were enacted. Economically, it advocates emphasizing agriculture and restraining business, and rewarding farming; Militarily, the land of Hexi was recovered and given to Shang in 15 city, which was called Shang Yang in history.
Extended data:
Shang Yang mentioned in the political reform debate that "saints can strengthen the country, but they are not legal; If you can benefit the people, don't obey their etiquette "has become the guiding principle of Qin's politics, making Qin ahead of the six Shandong countries." "
Secondly, Shang Yang did not avoid powerful people in law enforcement, and the punishment for doctors showed that he resolutely implemented this idea of Legalism. Finally, the legalist school also has a * * nature, that is, Shang Yang, like the legalist school, carried out political reforms with the attitude and spirit of "knowing the law" and let the people know the law.
The influence of Shang Yang's independent thought is mainly manifested in three aspects. First of all, Shang Yang advocated the economic policy of whole agriculture. To this end, he promulgated the "Order of Reclaiming Grass" and formulated 20 laws on reclaiming wasteland by emphasizing agriculture. On the one hand, it directly or indirectly develops agriculture, on the other hand, it suppresses industry and commerce. Secondly, Shang Yang advocated severe punishment and reward.
Shang Yang believes that human nature is profit-seeking and fear of sin. As long as the people are severely punished and rewarded, the people can govern well and the country can be stable. Therefore, on the one hand, Shang Yang made a strict criminal law to govern the people, on the other hand, he rewarded Li Xin. Third, Shang Yang advocated attaching importance to military affairs and militarism. Finally, Shang Yang advocated that the state should unify the people's thoughts and formulate a unified system to achieve the goal of reunification.
After his death, Shang Yang's thought gradually formed a school called Business School. After five stages of establishment, exploration, development, finalization and stamina, business studies gradually became the mainstream of thought that ruled the Qin State and even the Qin Dynasty, in line with the history of the Qin Dynasty.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Wei Yang dies, Wei enters Qin.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Shang Yang Reform