Early behavior
Liang Qichao was born in Chakeng Village, Xiongzi Township, Xinhui County, Guangdong Province on February 23rd, 1983. He received a traditional education at home when he was a child. He is very clever. "At the age of eight, he learned to write a thousand words." 1884 Chinese scholar. 1889 was awarded the title of "Lingnan Wizards". 1890, I took the exam in Beijing, but I missed it. After returning to Guangdong via Shanghai, I bought Ying Huan Zhi Lue. Only then did I know that there were five continents in the world. In August of the same year, I accepted Mr. Kang Youwei from Nanhai as my teacher. 189 1 year, entered the 10,000-acre thatched cottage founded by Kang Youwei, claiming that "I have learned all my life, and since then".
1895 After the signing of treaty of shimonoseki, Kang Youwei and other provinces joined forces to launch a "bus petition". Later, he wrote an article in the World Gazette to promote political reform and help Kang Youwei establish a "strong society". From 65438 to 0896, leave Beijing and arrive in Shanghai. He and Huang Zunxian jointly organized Time, wrote books such as Reform and General Significance, and published them in Time continuously, which had great influence. 1897, at the invitation of Chen Baozhen, Governor of Hunan Province, he went to Changsha as the chief teacher of the current affairs school to publicize the wisdom of Hunan people and the extension of civil rights. 1898 After the "Reform Movement of 1898" began, Emperor Guangxu summoned Liang Qichao on July 3, ordered him to submit the General Discussion of the Reform Movement of 1898, and awarded him the titles of six ministers to handle the affairs of Shi Jing University Hall and Translation Bureau. 1898 September 2 1 day, the 1898 coup, Liang Qichao died in Japan.
Overseas exile
Liang Qichao (Donghua News? Donghua News,1901April17)189810/October 16 Liang Qichao arrived in Tokyo, Japan; Shortly after Kang Heliang arrived, Sun Yat-sen and others tried to establish contact with them, but Kang Youwei refused. 12 On February 23rd, Qing Yi Bao founded by Liang Qichao was published in Yokohama. That winter, Liang Qichao wrote the coup of 1898, which was published in Qingyi Daily.
1March, 899, Kang Youwei left Japan for Canada; Later, Sun Yat-sen and others contacted Liang Qichao many times to discuss the cooperation between the two sides. 65438+February 3 1, Liang Qichao left Japan and arrived in Honolulu. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/900, the Qing government ordered all provinces to take health care of themselves; Liang Qichao was busy with the royalist society and the Qin uprising; During this period, he had a "Hawaiian love" with his English translator, Ms. He. In April and May, the Boxer Rebellion developed rapidly in Beijing and Tianjin. Britain, France, Germany, Austria, Italy, Japan, Russia and the United States decided to send troops jointly. In June, the Qing government declared war on other countries. On July 20th, Kang Youwei established the Society for Saving Emperor Guangxu in Canada (referred to as the royalist society). In July and August, Tang planned to launch a self-defense uprising, and Liang Qichao quickly returned to China from Honolulu. Liang Qichao went to Singapore to meet Kang Youwei after the failure of the self-defense uprising, and then went to Australia at the invitation of the Australian royalist association. Liang Qichao returned to Japan in the spring of 190 1; Biography of Mr. Nanhai Kang; Open Guang Zhi Bookstore; 65438+February 2 1 day, Qingyi newspaper stopped publishing. 190 1 in June, he published the article "Suggestions on Formulating a Constitution" and advocated constitutional monarchy. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/902 (the first day of the first month), Xinmin Cong Bao founded by Liang Qichao was published in Yokohama. From February to July, Liang published Xinmin Shuo in Xinmin Cong Bao. He founded "New Novel" and published "New China Future".
1903, Liang Qichao went to the United States at the invitation of the American royalists, and successively arrived in Vancouver, new york, Boston, Washington, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, St. Louis, Chicago, Seattle, San Francisco and Los Angeles, and then returned to Yokohama, Japan via Vancouver. The trip lasted for eight months. During his stay in Washington, he also called on US Foreign Secretary john hay and US President theodore roosevelt. After returning to China, he wrote Travel Notes of the New World and published it in Xinmin Cong Bao. That year, The Icehouse Collection was first published. 1904, the Qing government granted amnesty to party member during the Reform Movement of 1898, but Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao still did not.
1905165438+1On October 26th, People's Daily, the organ newspaper of the League, was founded in Tokyo and had a debate with Liang Qichao's Xinmin Cong Bao. Since then, the debate between the revolutionary party and the royalist party has become increasingly fierce. 1906, Liang Qichao drafted the Report on Examining Constitutionalism in Various Countries on behalf of the five ministers who went abroad for inspection by the Qing government, and the Qing government announced that it was prepared to imitate constitutionalism, which Liang Qichao supported. 1907 10 In Tokyo, Liang Qichao established a "political news agency" in the hope of pushing the Qing government to implement a constitutional monarchy, but it was later dissolved because of the ban of the Qing government. From 65438 to 0908, Emperor Guangxu and Empress Dowager Cixi died one after another. Liang Qichao had a hard life and took reading and writing as his career. 19 1 1 year, the Qing government instructed Yuan Shikai to form a cabinet and appointed Liang Qichao as the Deputy Minister of Justice. 19 12, 65438+1 October1Sun Yat-sen announced the establishment of the Republic of China in Nanjing; Liang Qichao ended his exile and left Japan for home on September 28th.
Returning to China after the Revolution of 1911.
After returning to China, Liang Qichao served as the leader of the Democratic Party, and the post-Democratic Party, the * * * and the United Party merged into the Progressive Party, and he was elected as a director. 19 13, Xiong Xiling, a progressive party, formed a "talent cabinet" with Liang Qichao as the chief justice. 19 14 "talent cabinet" was dissolved in only five months. Liang Qichao resigned as Chief Justice and became Chairman of Currency Board. 19 15 years, Yuan Shikai's ambition to claim the title of emperor became increasingly exposed, and Liang Qichao published "The so-called national movement problem" for fierce attack. Later, Liang Qichao and Cai E planned to use force against Yuan. 19 15 At the end of the year, a war to defend the country broke out in Yunnan. 19 16, Liang Qichao went to Guangdong and Guangxi via Vietnam to participate in the anti-Yuan struggle. Liang Qichao's anti-Yuan action made him completely break away from his mentor Kang Youwei. 1965438+In June 2006, Yuan Shikai died of shame and indignation under the opposition of all the people in China. 1965438+in July 2007, Duan's cabinet was established, with Liang Qichao as the chief financial officer; In September, Sun Yat-sen launched a war to protect the law; 1 1 In June, Duan's cabinet stepped down, Liang Qichao resigned, and he retired from politics.
19 18 At the end of the year, Liang Qichao went to Europe to learn about the western society after World War I, and his thoughts changed. 1920 Liang Qichao began to concentrate on cultural education and academic research activities after returning to China. That year, An Introduction to Academic Studies in Qing Dynasty was published. 192 1 year, Liang Qichao gave a lecture on the cultural history of China at Nankai University in Tianjin and seven lectures in Beijing and Tianjin. 1922 Liang Qichao went to various places to give lectures; From 10, he taught the history of pre-Qin political thought for one semester at Nanjing National Southeast University (1928 was renamed Central University, and 1949 was renamed Nanjing University). In the same year, China Historical Research Law was published. 1923, Liang Qichao gave lectures in Tsinghua University (1928 renamed Tsinghua University). 1924 the academic history of China in the past 300 years was published. 1925 was hired as the tutor of Ren Qinghua China Research Institute and the librarian of Shi Jing University. From 65438 to 0926, Liang Qichao was admitted to hospital due to illness and found that there was something wrong with his kidney. 1929 65438+1October19 Liang Qichao died in Peking Union Medical College Hospital at the age of 57.
domestic
Liang Qichao's ancestral home is Chakeng Village, Xiongzi Township, Xinhui County, Guangdong Province. Liang's ancestors were refugees who fled from the Central Plains to the south. Before Liang Qichao's great-grandfather, the Liang family farmed for generations. Liang Qichao's grandfather Jing Quan is a scholar. Grandma's name is Li. Liang Qichao's father, Lian Jian, is also a scholar who teaches in the village. Liang Qichao's mother is Zhao.
Liang Qichao had two wives in his life: Li Huixian and Wang Guiquan. 1889 (15th year of Guangxu), Liang Qichao, who was only 17 years old, was admitted to juren and engaged to Li Huixian, the cousin of Li Duanfen, the examiner. 189 1 year (the 17th year of Guangxu), Liang Qichao 19 years old went to Beijing and married Li Huixian, who was four years older than him. After marriage, the relationship between husband and wife has been very good. When Li Huixian married Liang Qichao, she brought two maids. Among them, he is smart and diligent, and won the love of Liang and his wife. 1903, she became Liang Qichao's side room. 1September 3, 924, Li Huixian died, and Liang Qichao wrote a beautifully written "Sacrifice to Mrs. Liang". 1968 during the "cultural revolution", Wang Guiquan was separated from his children and died in a dark hut.
Liang Qichao has nine children: Si Shun, Si Sheng, Si Yong, No.4 Middle School, No.4 Zhuang, No.4 Da, No.4 Yi, No.4 Ning and Li Si. Among them, Sizheng and Sizhuang were born, and Siyong, Sizhong, Sizhong, Siyi and Sining were born to Mrs. Wang. Many of them later became outstanding talents.
Liang (Lingxian) (1893- 1966), the eldest daughter.
Liang Sicheng (190 1 year-1972), the eldest son, is a famous architect. 1948 was elected as the first academician of academia Sinica (humanities group) in March. His wife is Lin.
The second son, the famous archaeologist Liang Siyong (1904- 1954) and 1948 were elected as the first academicians of academia sinica (humanities group) in March.
The third son, Liang Sizhong (1907- 1932), was an officer in the artillery school of the 19th Route Army of the Kuomintang, and died young due to illness.
The second daughter Liang Sizhuang (1908- 1986) is a famous librarian.
The fourth son Liang Sida (19 12-) has been engaged in economic research for a long time.
Liang Siyi (19 14- 1988), three daughters, engaged in social activities.
Liang Sining (19 16-), four women, defected to the New Fourth Army to participate in the China Revolution. Now retired, living in Jinan, Shandong.
Liang's fifth son (1924-) is a famous rocket control system expert. 1993 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
publish
Collation of Liang Qichao and Wu Song's Collection of Drinking Rooms, Kunming Yunnan Education Press, 200 1. 6、ISBN 754 15 19480。
Liang Qichao's Collection of Drinking Rooms (all twelve volumes) ISBN 7-101-00475-x/k.
Former residence, memorial hall and cemetery
Jiangmen, Guangdong and Tianjin have preserved Liang Qichao's former residence and Liang Qichao's memorial hall.
Liang Qichao's former residence in Jiangmen, Guangdong Province is located in Chakeng Management District, Xinhui Town, Jiangmen, and is the birthplace of Liang Qichao. The former residence was built in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty. It is a blue brick bungalow with an area of 1.55 square meters. The former residence was designated as a provincial key cultural relics protection unit by Guangdong Province on 1989. 200 1 The former residence was expanded into "Liang Qichao Memorial Hall". The memorial hall was designed by Mo. Its main body is a two-story building that combines Chinese and western styles. The front part is designed with European-style white arches, and the back part is an antique building with Lingnan style, with a building area of 1.600 square meters. There is also a bronze statue of Liang Qichao in the center of the former residence compound, which was designed by Lin Dunhou and his son. There is an exhibition of Liang Qichao's life story in the memorial hall.
The former residence of Liang Qichao in Tianjin is located at No.44, minzu road, Hebei District, Tianjin, adjacent to Liang Qichao's study-"Ice Room" located at No.46, Hebei Road. These two houses were built by Liang Qichao in the early years of the Republic of China. The former residence was built in 19 14. It is an Italian two-story brick-wood building with a building area of 1 12 1 m2. The ice drinking room was built in 1924. It is a light gray two-story building designed by Italian architect baronio, with a building area of 949.50 square meters. In 2003, Tianjin Municipal Government expanded the former residence and ice drinking room into Liang Qichao Memorial Hall. The memorial hall takes the former residence as the exhibition room to show Liang Qichao's life story. As a restoration exhibition, the study "ice drinking room" reproduces Liang Qichao's working and living environment before his death.
Liang Qichao's tomb is located in the ginkgo, pine and cypress area in the northeast of the East Ring of Beijing Botanical Garden. The total area of the cemetery is 1.8 hectares, which is divided into two parts: the cemetery and the attached forest land. The cemetery was designed by Liang Sicheng, son of architect Liang Qichao. On February 24th, 1978, Liang Qichao's children, Liang Sida, Liang Siyi and Liang handed over all the cemeteries to Beijing Botanical Garden for free.