188 1 year (the seventh year of Guangxu in Qing dynasty) was born in Huashan county, Hunan province (now Changsha city). His father, Zhang Jin, used to be a Chinese doctor in the village. Zhang studied in a private school and was very diligent.
/kloc-when he was 0/3 years old, he bought a collection of Liu Zongyuan in Changsha and began to study Liu Wen. 16 years old, working as a scout in a relative's house. 190 1 year, he left home and went to Wuchang, where he was sent to study in Wuhu Academy, where he met Huang Xing. After that, he taught in a private school in Zhu Qiqian. 1March, 902, entered Nanjing Lushi School to study military affairs. Joined the Shanghai Patriotic Association the following year. In May, he was the chief editor of Shanghai Su Bao, because the newspaper published anti-Qing articles by Zhang Taiyan and others continuously. It was seized in July. In August, together with Chen Duxiu, Zhang Ji and others, he founded the National Daily and established the Mainland Book Translation and Printing Bureau. In the winter of the same year, he and Huang Xing organized the Huaxing Association to engage in anti-Qing activities. 1903 in April, the anti-Russian movement took place and students from various schools in Shanghai went on strike. Despite the dissuasion of Yu Mingzhen, the general manager of the school, Zhang led more than 30 Lushi students to Shanghai to attend a military-civilian education meeting organized by Cai Yuanpei and others to teach military science. Soon, he was hired as the chief editor of Shanghai Su Bao, and often made fierce revolutionary remarks, so he met Zhang Taiyan, Zhang Ji and Zou Rong, who were congenial and became brothers. Among the four brothers, Zhang Taiyan, Zhang Ji and Zou Rong all have books encouraging revolution. So Zhang compiled Thirty-three Years' Dream of Falling Flowers by Junichiro Miyazaki of Japan into a book The Great Revolutionist, and linked Sun's nickname "Zhongshan Bridge" with his surname. So in September of 1903, it was published under the pseudonym of Huang, and it was learned that Sun Yat-sen was valued in China. 1At the beginning of July, 903, the Qing government detained Su Bao and arrested seven people including Zhang Taiyan and Zou Rong. Zhang was lucky enough to get rid of the bias of Yu Mingzhen, Jiangsu alternate road and general manager of Lushi College who undertook the case, and did not pursue it. On August 7th, he founded the National Daily with Chen Duxiu, Zhang Ji and others, and continued to vigorously advocate the revolution. 1June 903,165438+1October, he and Huang Xing went from Shanghai to Changsha to prepare for the establishment of Huaxing Club. 1in February, 904, he and Yang Shouren established the Patriotic Association in Shanghai and served as the vice president. Yang Shouren is the president. 1In August, 904, Huaxing Society decided to hold an uprising in Changsha on1October 6. Zhang is setting up a secret office to help secretly. Because the machine is not secret, it failed without starting. On June+10, 5438, Huang Xing went to Shanghai to hold a meeting with Yang Shouren, Chen Tianhua, Zhang, Yang Du and others, and prepared to raise the banner of righteousness in Hubei and Nanjing. Later, more than ten people, including Zhang, were arrested for the destruction of the Huaxing Society, and the re-uprising plan failed to be realized. Zhang and others were rescued by Cai E, detained for more than 40 days and released on bail pending trial. People who were released from prison were afraid that the official would go further and rushed to Japan.
Study abroad period
1905 went into exile in Japan and studied English in Tokyo regular schools. Looking back on the past, Zhang thought that he was "weak in talent", which brought trouble to his colleagues and made him feel guilty. 1In August, 905, the League was established in Tokyo, Japan, but it did not join the League and later did not join other political parties. From 65438 to 0908, he went to the University of Edinburgh in England to study law, politics and logic.
1April, 909, he married Wu Ruonan, a Communist Youth League member, in London. After marriage, he entered the University of Edinburgh to study political economy, focusing on logic. During his stay in Britain, he often wrote articles for domestic newspapers, introducing the political theories of various factions in Western Europe, especially the theory of constitutionalism, which had a great influence on China's political circles at that time. 19 1 1 After the victory of Wuchang Uprising, Zhang returned from England with his family and gave heartfelt affirmation and support to Sun Yat-sen and the Revolution of 1911. At the invitation of Sun Yat-sen, Britain returned to China to preside over People's Daily, the organ newspaper of the League. 1965438+arrived in Nanjing in the spring of 2002. At the invitation of Huang Xing and Yu Youren, he served as editor-in-chief of Shanghai People's Daily and consultant of Jiangsu Dudufu. In July, Zhang published the Political Party Organization Case in the Democratic Daily, advocating the dissolution of all the new political parties (including the League) in China at that time, and then divided them into two factions according to their political views, and they ran for election to win the majority of supporters to govern the country. This is the famous "theory of destroying the party building". This theory has been attacked by all sides, and there is great controversy within the alliance. In September of the same year, Zhang broke away from the Democratic Daily and Wang Wusheng to set up the Independent Weekly, continued to discuss current politics, and raised the question of whether the political system of the Republic of China should be French or American. 1965438+In March 2003, Yuan Shikai assassinated Jiao Ren of Song Dynasty and blamed it on Huang Xing. Zhang saw Yuan's ulterior motives, fled to Shanghai, got to know Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing, joined the ranks against Yuan, and drafted the Declaration of the Second Revolution. In July, Sun Yat-sen appointed him as the Secretary-General of Yuan Jun. After the failure of the "Second Revolution", Zhang felt desperate for the Japanese.
term of office
1965438+Established Jiayin magazine in Tokyo and Chen Duxiu in May 2004, advocating * * * against Yuan Shikai. In the first issue, Zhang published the Constitution, reiterating the proposition of the two-party system, arguing that the ruling party should maintain progress through the encouragement of the opposition party. Later, he published a series of articles about the political system, such as Federalism in Theory, claiming that federalism can achieve the purpose of revolution with the help of public opinion, citing the theory of western languages, and combining with the political reality of China, with strict grammar and sufficient theory, which was valued by people at that time. In July, he served as secretary of the European Affairs Research Association. 19 15 In the winter, Yuan Shikai publicly proclaimed himself emperor and began to protect the national army. In May, Zhaoqing Military Academy was established, and Zhang became the secretary-general of the Military Academy and concurrently served as the secretary-general of the Guangdong-Guangxi Commander-in-Chief. Yuan died in June and Li became president. Zhang stayed in Beijing as a member of parliament and was hired as a professor at Peking University Institute of Ethics at the invitation of Cai Yuanpei. 1965438+In May 2006, Zhaoqing Military Affairs Office was established as the Secretary-General and concurrently served as the Secretary-General of the Guangdong-Guangxi DuDu Command; In June, Li succeeded the president and went to Beijing to discuss the aftermath with Li. 191711Chen Duxiu was invited to be a professor at Peking University College of Literature to teach logic. And was elected to the House of Representatives. Zhang also recommended Li Dazhao and Yang Changji to teach in Peking University, and recommended Li Dazhao as the director of the Institute and the president of Peking University.
1965438+In May 2008, he served as Secretary General of the Guardian Military Government. The following year, he held a North-South Peace Conference in Shanghai and was elected as the representative of the South. 1920, during the work-study program in France, Mao Zedong and Cai Hesen paid a visit to Zhang with Yang Changji's calligraphy, requesting financial assistance. Zhang immediately gave the other party a huge sum of 20 thousand yuan, one for subsidizing students going to France and the other for revolutionary activities in Hunan. 192 1 In the spring of, I went to Europe to inspect politics and visited British scholars Wells, Bernard Shaw and Panty in London. After listening to other people's lectures, Zhang realized that agricultural countries are different from industrial countries. Returning to China the following year, he became the president of Beijing National Agricultural College. 1922, people set up a youth league in Europe and entrusted Zhang to transport a printing machine from France to Germany, which is correct. After the birth of the * * * Party in China, Mr. Zhang saw the future of China and the hope of the Chinese nation in * * * party member, and his political inclination changed profoundly, becoming a friend of the * * * Party in China. Leave Beijing for Shanghai in June. On June+10, 5438, Cao Kun was elected president by bribery, and then the editor-in-chief of Shanghai News Zhang wrote an article denouncing the members who accepted bribes. 1924, Duan came to power. Zhang advocated destroying the contract law and the Congress, so Duan invited Zhang to go north. Zhang, 44, joined the Beiyang Warlords Group. Duan suggested that he should serve as president and prime minister in the name of "temporary ruling" and appoint Zhang as chief justice. 1925 In April, Zhang was appointed Minister of Education. After Zhang took office, he declared that he wanted to rectify the style of study, announced the unified examination for universities, and merged eight universities in Beijing, which caused opposition from progressives and young students in education. On April 9, the whole school students gathered to petition for the removal of Zhang. Zhang Sui resigned and went to Shanghai. After Duan's persuasion, he resumed the post of Chief Justice. In July, Jiayin Weekly was published to oppose the New Culture Movement. At the end of July, Zhang was appointed as the chief of education and asked him to continue to "rectify" the style of study. Despite the people's opposition, Zhang replaced a group of university presidents who opposed him. /kloc-in August, 2000, he sent armed police to escort Yang Yinyu, president of Beijing Normal University, to take office in the school, and then ordered the dissolution of the "Women Normal University" to suppress the patriotic student movement. Zhang Yin's Jiayin magazine was used as a speech position to rectify the style of study. A tiger was painted on the cover of Jiayin, which was then called "the chief tiger". 1926, during the "March 18th" tragedy, Zhang was appointed as the Secretary-General of Duan government. After being expelled by the national army, Zhang left Tianjin and continued to publish Jiayin Weekly in the Japanese concession. Zhang borrowed a magazine to emphasize his opposition to the New Literature Movement and the New Culture Movement, to vernacular Chinese and to Europeanization, which attracted a lot of criticism, but he still went his own way. Lu Xun's article called Duan and Zhang "Reservoir Dogs", which made them notorious. 1927 In April, Comrade Li Dazhao was arrested by warlords in Beijing, and he ran around to rescue him.
1928 After the National Revolutionary Army regained Beijing, it was wanted because it was a senior official in charge of the government, so it went to Europe. 1930 was hired by Zhang Xueliang to return to China as a professor at the College of Literature of Northeastern University in Shenyang, and served as dean the following year. After the "September 18th Incident", Zhang returned to Shanghai as a guest of Du, and soon officially listed as a lawyer. 1932 10, Chen Duxiu and others were arrested by the Kuomintang government in Shanghai. He volunteered to defend Chen and asked the court to acquit Chen. His "complaint" focused on the theory that the government should tolerate different political parties, which shocked the court and was published in Chinese and foreign newspapers. 1934 Dean of Shanghai Law School. Before 1934, Zhang served as President of Beijing Mingde University, President of Beijing Agricultural University and Dean of Shanghai University of Political Science and Law. Cen Chunxuan and other southwest warlords pushed out Sun Yat-sen and manipulated the military government of South Protector, with Cen as president and Zhang as secretary-general. 1April, 937, he was appointed as a member of the government affairs committee and chairman of the legal affairs committee of Jicha. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he stayed in the Shanghai Concession. In March of the following year, the Nanjing "Reform" puppet government was established. The traitor Liang Hongzhi lured Zhang into the partnership, but Zhang refused. Soon, Du sent someone to pick him up, and Zhang was transferred from Hong Kong to Chongqing, and the National Government made him a "senator". 1938 from June to present, he has been a member of the first, second, third and fourth sessions of the National Political Consultative Conference. 1945 After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, President Mao Zedong went to Chongqing to negotiate with the Kuomintang on postwar issues. After the signing of the "Double Ten" agreement, Mao was stranded in Chongqing because of something. He held talks with Chiang Kai-shek in Chongqing and asked Zhang for his opinion on the current situation. Zhang wrote the word "go" in his hand, whispered "36 plans, go first", and advised Mao to get out of danger quickly. 1946 went back to Shanghai to continue to be a lawyer; In the same year, 1 1 was elected as a representative of the Constitutional National Assembly. 1948 After the constitution was enacted, he was elected as a member of the Legislative Yuan. In the later period of the Liberation War, as a representative of the "Shanghai Peace Delegation" and an informal representative of the Nanjing government peace negotiation delegation, he ran for the cooperation of the country. Chiang Kai-shek stepped down. Acting President Li Zongren wanted to explore the possibility of peace talks with China, but invited Zhang, Jiang Yong and Yan Huiqing. After Zhang returned to Shanghai, he made a special trip to Nanjing to call on Cheng Qian, director of Changsha Suiqing Office and chairman of Hunan Provincial Government. He introduced the interview to Cheng, conveyed Mao's expectation for peace, and played a certain role in eliminating Cheng's doubts about "punishing war criminals". On March 25th, Li Zongren decided to formally set up a delegation, and sent representatives from Zhang Zhizhong and Zhang Wei to Beiping for peace talks with China on April 1 day. On April 22nd, the peace talks broke down, and Zhang, Shao and Zhang stayed in Beiping. Later, he went to Hong Kong. In June of the same year, Cheng Qian sent a delegation to Hong Kong to meet Zhang. Cheng wrote a letter to Cheng Qian, conveying the expectation of Cheng's peaceful uprising and Zhong's enthusiastic attitude towards General Chen Mingren, and persuading Cheng and Chen to revolt.
During the founding of New China
1April, 949, Li Zongren was appointed by the acting president to come to Peiping with Shao Lizi, Zhang Zhizhong, Liu Fei, etc. to hold peace talks with China's * * * production party. Because the Kuomintang government refused to sign the agreement drafted by the representatives of both sides, it stayed in Beiping. Then go to Hong Kong; In June, Cheng Qian wrote to persuade Cheng and Chen (Chen Mingren) to rebel. In September, at the invitation of China Producers' Party, he attended the first plenary session of China People's Political Consultative Conference held in founding ceremony. Settled in Beijing from then on. After the founding of New China, he served as a member of the Political and Legal Committee of the State Council, and was elected as a member of the first Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and a member of the Standing Committee of the second and third National Committees. Elected as the representative of the first, second and third National People's Congress and the member of the third the NPC Standing Committee. 1951July was appointed as the deputy curator of central research institute of culture and history. 1955, 1958 and 1960 were ordered to contact Taiwan Province province three times to discuss the issue of cross-strait reunification. 1957, during the rectification movement in China, Zhang made a remark that "things will rot, and then worms will grow" and was ordered to review. Only with Mao Zedong's intervention can he be released. 1959 10, as a curator. He spent most of his later years studying literature and history, and taught Liu Wen in the Department of Chinese Teaching and Research of China Renmin University. So, according to his own research experience, he collected a book called Liu. 196 1 year, the country was poor and the people were in difficulties. In the name of "paying back the money and returning the profits", Mao gave Zhang 2000 yuan every year on the second day of the first month to solve their difficulties, which lasted for ten years. 1963, Mao's seventieth birthday, set up a family banquet for Zhang, Cheng Qian, and to Zhongnanhai, each with a son. 1965, the debate on the authenticity of Preface to Lanting Collection was passed. Because of refuting Guo Moruo's article, Zhang Xiangmao recommended Gao Wen. During the "Cultural Revolution", when the rebel directed at the "Liu Deng Command", he was full of worries about the future of the country, regardless of his personal safety, and frankly wrote to the chairman, intending to turn the tide. At the beginning of the "Cultural Revolution", Zhang was criticized for his property problems. Zhang wrote to Mao, who asked to take over the seal and go to 30 1 hospital for protection. Zhang was very concerned about his fate. He wrote to Mao and Liu to mediate and asked Mao to offer a humble apology for his Lin Xiangru story, so as to unite Mao, but his death was broken by the cruel reality. From then on, I concentrated on sorting out Liu and published it in 197 1 with Mao's support, which was a rare special case in the Cultural Revolution. What I look forward to most in my later years is the peaceful reunification of the two sides of the Taiwan Strait. Therefore, regardless of my age of 92, I went to Hong Kong to resume contact with Taiwan Province Province, and finally died in Hong Kong, making my final contribution to the great cause of peaceful reunification between the two sides of the strait. 1973, Zhang came uninvited for the fourth time. He wanted to talk with Taiwan Province Province about the cause of cross-strait reunification, but he died before he finished his work. At the age of 92. When the memorial service was held in Beijing, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Deng Xiaoping, Ye Jianying and Li Xiannian attended the ceremony.
Schooling career
Zhang Jin, the father of Zhang (188 1- 1973) who studied in the UK, was Li Zheng in the village and later studied Chinese medicine. Zhang studied in a private school and was very diligent. 190 1 year, I left home and went to Wuchang, where I studied in lianghu academy, where I met Huang xing. In March of the following year, he was admitted to Nanjing Lushi School. 1903 in April, the anti-Russian movement took place and students from various schools in Shanghai went on strike. Despite the dissuasion of Yu Mingzhen, the general manager of the school, Zhang led more than 30 Lushi students to Shanghai to attend a military-civilian education meeting organized by Cai Yuanpei and others to teach military science. /kloc-in the spring of 0/905, I entered the formal English school in Tokyo, Japan. Less than half a year after arriving in Japan, Zhang looked back and thought that he was "short of talents and poor in strength", which brought trouble to his colleagues and made him feel guilty. 1907, went to study in Britain. 1April, 909, he married Wu Ruonan, a Communist Youth League member, in London. After marriage, he entered the University of Edinburgh to study political economy, focusing on logic. During his stay in Britain, he often wrote articles for domestic newspapers, introducing the political theories of various factions in Western Europe, especially the theory of constitutionalism, which had a great influence on China's political circles at that time.
Harmonious nation-building
The theory of building a country in harmony is a sign of Zhang's mature thought, and it is also the basic clue of his thoughts and remarks in the period of1919. This can also be said to be an important ideological summary of the Revolution of 1911. 1962 Zhang, who is over 80 years old, said: "Today's commentators often exaggerate when talking about the Revolution of 1911. It is estimated that the word success is almost unknown. " This kind of calm reflection began as early as the early years of the Republic of China.
Zhang Zai 19 1 1 learned of the Wuchang Uprising and returned to China as soon as possible with his family. Because he thought that the League could not meet the standards of western political parties, he advocated "building a new party by scrapping" and implementing the cabinet system of political parties, which was opposed by members of the League and was denounced as a "royalist party". Zhang resigned in a fit of pique and went north at the invitation of Yuan Shikai. Yuan gave a huge house and entrusted it to the president of Peking University. Song He was stabbed and Zhang fled Beijing. On the orders of Sun Yat-sen, he joined forces with Cen Chunxuan to fight against Yuan Jun, and was appointed as Secretary-General of Yuan Jun .. After the Japanese defeat, he was ordered to establish Jiayin, advocating innovation and opposing autocracy, but opposing violent and radical means. Criticizing the revolutionary party has the disadvantages of "good and bad", emphasizing the main tone and spirit. Because his speech was not tolerated by the Kuomintang, he hung up his hat and left; Instead, he immediately established an independent weekly newspaper and continued to perform the duties of public opinion supervision. Song Jiao Ren, an important leader of the Kuomintang, was assassinated. Knowing that there was no hope, he resolutely went to Nanjing with Huang Xing to fight against Yuan Shikai. After his failure, he fled to Japan, which gave him an excellent opportunity to sum up and reflect calmly. When he participated in the activities of the European Affairs Research Association, an important political faction of the Kuomintang, he put forward and systematically discussed the theory of "building a country with peace" in Jiayin magazine, which he founded and edited. This theoretical criticism mainly points to Yuan Shikai's autocratic rule, but it also seriously criticizes the radicalism mistakes represented by Sun Wen, and advocates the establishment of a pluralistic and interactive social operation mechanism based on reconciliation and tolerance. Zhang did not stop at the phenomenon level. He pointed out that Chinese and foreign history has repeatedly proved that going to extremes and refusing reconciliation will inevitably bring disastrous consequences. In the early years of the Republic of China, there were many people who critically observed the development of the political situation in China, but few people could repeatedly think about it in the light of the overall situation of world history. In view of this reality, Zhang believes that both ideology and system should be guided by the theory of governing the country with harmony as the most important, and make corresponding changes. He clearly saw that it is impossible to really establish such an atmosphere and social operation mechanism by empty talk and welcoming differences. The key is to cultivate resistance and solve problems from the institutional level.
Return to tradition
In the 1920s, great changes took place in Zhang's thoughts. Remarkably, he resolutely opposed the new culture movement. As early as September 19 19, the new culture movement reached its climax, and Zhang was deeply worried about breaking the old and establishing the new in the field of literature and morality. He said: "Today's people talk about new literature, they adopt the opinions of newspapers, they denounce all the old ones, and hope to draw a new era from literature with a new name. Stupid means that what you see is too narrow and absolutely impossible. " "In today's social morality, the old has been destroyed, the new has not been established, and there is quite a green view ... people's worries about the world. Don't cut here. " Therefore, he believes: "The new machine cannot be delayed, and the old virtue cannot be forgotten. Pay attention to this and gradually improve, old and new harmony. " The original emphasis on the reconciliation of horizontal tolerance turned to the vertical integration of the old and the new. Subsequently, the attitude against the new culture movement became more determined. After 192 1 year, Zhang's attitude has changed a lot. On the pretext of opposing the concept of linear development, he asserted that "the so-called civilization and barbarism are just cyclical cicadas". "There is no certain boundary between the old and the new. It's hard to determine what's new and what's old ... old and new alternate and go back and forth. If you think of something new before, it will be old today. If you think of the old first, it will be new second. " "So the evolution of ideas is also cyclical, and there is no difference between old and new." As a result, the new culture movement is much ado about nothing, which is harmful and useless. In his view, the vernacular Chinese is even more "vulgar words, the country does not die, and the words die first"! This is a disaster. The consequences are as follows: "reckless people openly don't know their right and wrong, sincere people are caught off guard, and their fathers have no Taoist sons and brothers have no Taoist brothers, which is one of the great fears of mutual indifference." What is more prominent is that he put forward a theory of "agricultural country", which almost completely denied his past social and political ideas. This is a very complete theory against modernization. The main point is: China has always been based on agriculture, and we must adhere to this tradition. Abandon all pursuits and systems related to the establishment of the country by industry and commerce. In the political field, contrary to the previous proposition, we don't want the president, congress, political parties and other systems related to industrial and commercial countries. He wrote many articles and delivered speeches, saying that since the early years of the Republic of China, the political situation has been chaotic and wars have continued. They all went the wrong way and moved the system that was not suitable for China's national conditions to China. "Our country is in trouble. For those who have been restless for twelve years since the Revolution of 1911, only the election failed and the adulterer stole the hair. If you don't choose something, there is no reason for chaos ... Few people benefit from the current system in the West ... If you have an Anglo-American parliament, you will have no value of self-preservation. " Elections, presidents, parliaments, political parties ... no. "In short, as an agricultural country, we can't adopt the system of an industrial country." 1923 10, Cao Kun bribed to elect the president. Zhang published an article in "Shanghai News" denouncing election bribery, and continuously wrote articles criticizing the representative system. 1924, Duan came to power. Zhang advocated destroying the contract law and the Congress, so Duan invited Zhang to go north. Duan suggested that he should serve as president and prime minister in the name of "temporary ruling" and appoint Zhang as chief justice. In April of the following year, Zhang was appointed Minister of Education. After Zhang took office, he declared that he wanted to rectify the style of study, announced the unified examination for universities, and merged eight universities in Beijing, which caused opposition from progressives and young students in education. 1April, 926, when the administrative government collapsed, Zhang left Tianjin and continued to publish Jiayin Weekly in the Japanese Concession. Zhang borrowed a magazine to emphasize his opposition to the New Literature Movement and the New Culture Movement, to vernacular Chinese and to Europeanization, which attracted a lot of criticism, but he still went his own way.
Marry Wu Ruonan.
At the age of 24, Zhang met, at that time 19 years old. Born in 1887, 6-year-old Zhang Xiao is the daughter of Wu Baochu, one of the "four sons of the late Qing Dynasty", who was the first pioneer of women's movement to go to Europe after going to Japan. At that time,
As Sun Yat-sen's English secretary, four years later, they got married in London, England on 1909. The next year, at the age of 29, they had their eldest son, Zhang Ke. At the age of 30, he returned to China to work for the League (the fortunes changed greatly after Zhang's marriage), and then he went through many matters such as running a newspaper, going to Japan, opposing Yuan, teaching, and going to Europe before the age of 43. 1 April 19731died in Shanghai at the age of 87. During his lifetime, Premier Zhou honored him as the old man of the Revolution of 1911 and called him "Mr. Wu". Among Zhang's wives and concubines, only his ex-wife left children. These children have rules to follow, rules to use and rules to follow. Of the three sons, two male Zhang Yong (19 19-1939) was born in Scotland, England and died in Hongkong. He is a mathematician in modern China. Zhang Can, the eldest son, lived in 1983.
Xi Cui Zhen's mistress
19 19 years, during Zhang's stay in Shanghai, he met a brothel woman through Huang's introduction and secretly contacted Mrs. Wu. After 1924, 43-year-old Zhang lived with the public during his tenure as attorney general and education chief. Mrs. Wu is a new type of woman in the early days of the revolution, so naturally she can't tolerate concubinage. After the quarrel, she resolutely separated at 1929 (when she was 44 years old and Zhang was 48 years old) and went to Europe with her three sons (the second son was a classmate of Ji Xianlin, and both of them died during the Anti-Japanese War and didn't get married) until 1937. 1936, when Zhang was a lawyer in Shanghai, she took a lawsuit. A salesgirl who sells expensive Kangkeling fountain pens (it is said that a newspaper specifically reported her glamorous name, which was also considered a super girl at that time) and a gentleman who pursued her gave birth to a daughter. Unexpectedly, this gentleman is married and his father wants his son to break up with him. So, the salesgirl found Zhang to file a lawsuit. The lawsuit ended with 50,000 yuan for his son (this person is still inconclusive, and some people say it may be Chen's son). When adults break up, their daughters are a problem. It happened that Zhang's aunt had no children and adopted her. The child was eight months old, and later Zhang named it Zhang.
Princess yin dezhen
At 194 1, Zhang met a player recommended by Du, and 60-year-old Zhang accepted 26.
The third wife, Dezhen Yin, was a concubine of 18 years old and had no children. Later, she adopted a daughter, Zhang Mei? /kloc-returned to Shanghai in the autumn of 0/945, and Zhang bought another house to live with Mrs. Yin. Mrs Xi was left out in the cold. Zhang's memory is that he seldom saw his father and had no feelings for him. 1949, 68-year-old Zhang went to Beijing for peace talks. During this period, he and his wife Yin passed through Hong Kong (Yin stayed in Hong Kong from then on) and then transferred to attend the founding ceremony in New China. 1 1 In June, his wife, his eldest son and 14-year-old Zhang were sent to Beijing.