1, Lao Tzu
Laozi was born in Guxian County of Chu (formerly known as Chen) in 57 1 year BC (the first year, the second year of Lu Xianggong and the fifth year of Song Dynasty). According to Historical Records and Lao Zi Han Fei Biography, Li Er is a native of Qurenli, Guxian and Chu.
In 55 1 year BC (twenty-one years, Duke Xiang of Lu twenty-two years), Lao Zi entered the Zhou royal family and served as the treasurer (the official in charge of books collection). Before I was recommended to work in Zhoushi, I studied with Manager Chang (Shang Rong).
In 5 16 BC (Thursday, the 26th year of Lu), Lao Zi was taken to Chu State because he was in charge of the Scriptures, and he was relieved of his post as a historian and returned to his hometown to live. After going to Qin, the exact age is unknown.
About 485 BC (thirty-five years, ten years), I saw the decline of the Zhou Dynasty, so I left my hometown and prepared to travel around Hanguguan. Yin, the great officer guarding Hangu Pass, appreciated Lao Zi and was very happy to hear that he had come to Hangu Pass.
However, when he knew that Laozi was going to travel abroad and felt sorry, he tried to keep Laozi. Therefore, Yin said to Lao Zi, "If you want to go through the customs, go through the customs, but keep your money."
Hearing this, Lao Tzu stayed in Hangu for a few days. A few days later, he gave Yin a book of about 5,000 words, and then rode away on a big blue cow. It is said that this work was later passed down as Tao Te Ching.
According to legend, Laozi lived a long life, and he died in the State of Qin in about 47 1 year BC at the age of1year.
2. Confucius
Confucius was born in 55 1 year BC and died in 479 BC, at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, at the age of 73.
Confucius wanted to do something since he was in his twenties, so he was very concerned about world affairs, often thinking about various issues of governing the country and often expressing some opinions. It was in that year that Confucius began to be a Commissioner and manage the warehouse.
In the thirtieth year of Lu (5 12 BC), Confucius was forty years old. After decades of tempering, Confucius had a clear understanding of various problems in life, so he called himself 40 years old.
In the 13th year of Lu Aigong (482 BC), Confucius was 70 years old, saying that he could do whatever he wanted at this time without overstepping the bounds. This year, Yan Hui, Confucius' favorite disciple, died before him. Confucius was very sad and felt that the students who followed him from Chen to Cai had not been taught at this time.
On February 11th, the 16th year of Lu Aigong (1 1 year BC), Confucius died at the age of seventy-three, and was buried at the bank of Surabaya in the north of Lucheng.
Many disciples kept the tomb for three years, but Zi Gong kept it for Confucius for six years. Hundreds of disciples and Lu people came home from the ancient tomb and named them. Confucius' former residence was turned into a temple and was enshrined by people.
3. Zhuangzi
Zhuangzi was born about 369 BC. Zhuangzi served as an official of lacquer garden in Song Dynasty, and was a contemporary of Liang and Liang. He learned to acquire high wealth with Zhuangzi's talent, but Zhuangzi had no intention of being an official, and only became a small official in charge of the paint garden in a very short time.
With regard to the year of Zhuangzi's death, Ma Xulun studied all kinds of relevant historical records in detail, and combined with the chronology of the warring States emperors, obtained a general range: from the early years of Huiwen in Zhao Haoqi (298 BC) to the twenty-ninth year of Zhou Nanwang (286 BC).
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1, Lao Tzu
Laozi's thought has a far-reaching influence on the development of China's philosophy, and its ideological core is simple dialectics. Politically, Laozi advocates the rule of inaction and the teaching of words. Politically, Lao Tzu pays attention to the truth that extremes meet.
In terms of self-cultivation, Laozi is the ancestor of Taoist double cultivation, paying attention to modest and upright practice and not competing with others. Laozi's masterpiece Tao Te Ching (also known as Laozi) is one of the most widely circulated works in the world.
2. Confucius
Confucius initiated the wind of private schools and advocated benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith. According to legend, Confucius once asked Laozi for gifts, with 3,000 disciples, including 72 sages. He led some disciples around the world for thirteen years, and revised the six classics of Poetry, Calligraphy, Rites and Music, Book of Changes and Spring and Autumn Annals in his later years.
After the death of Confucius, his disciples and their re-disciples recorded the words and deeds, quotations and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples, and compiled the Confucian classic The Analects.
3. Zhuangzi
Zhuangzi's imagination is extremely rich, his language is freely used and flexible, and he can make some subtle and unspeakable philosophies fascinating. The representative work is Zhuangzi, among which the famous articles are Free Travel and On Wuqi.
His works are called "literary philosophy, philosophical literature". According to legend, Zhuangzi tried to live in seclusion in Nanhua Mountain, so Tianbao, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, named him a South China real person and called his book Zhuangzi the South China True Classic.
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