He is a Mahayana Buddhist layman who lives at home and is a famous bodhisattva at home. He means a clean and pollution-free person. However, because of this division, his meaning has become very unified. Nevertheless, it can be seen that Wang Wei's name has an indissoluble bond with Buddhism. Before Wang Wei's death, people thought that he was a "contemporary poet, good at Zen and good at reason." After his death, he got the title of "Shi Fo". Wang Wei was born in a devout Buddhist family. According to Wang Wei's "Please Make Shizhuang a Temple", "Cui Shi, the first mother of Boling County, has been a teacher for more than 30 years, eating brown clothes and vegetables, practicing meditation, enjoying living in the mountains and seeking peace." Wang Wei was influenced by his mother since childhood. At the same time, according to Volume 25 of Notes of Wang Youcheng, there is an article "Taming, Daoguang Zen Master of Dajianfu Temple", which describes the relationship between the poet and a famous Daoguang Zen Master in the contemporary era: "After sitting on the ground for ten years, you must be taught, and it has nothing to do with me if you want to measure the space in detail. I just want to focus on where the Buddhist relics are." It can be seen that Wang Wei is indeed a Buddhist, living a monk-like life in his later years. According to the Book of the Old Tang Dynasty, "In the capital, I lived in Zhai for a long time, disheveled and lacking in literary talent. I ate with more than a dozen monks every day and took pleasure in metaphysics. I have nothing in the den except a teapot and a mortar, tied to the bed by a box. After retiring from the DPRK, I burned incense and sat alone, taking Zen as my career. " At this time, Wang Wei seems to be a monk. A famous poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, eunuch You Cheng, was originally from Qi (now Qixian County, Shanxi Province), moved to Yongji, Shanxi Province, believed in Buddhism, and lived in Lantian in his later years. He is a representative of the pastoral poetry school in Tang Dynasty. Wang Wei was very literary when he was a teenager. In the ninth year of Kaiyuan (72 1), he was the first scholar, and he was very happy. I joined the army in Jeju for some reason. After returning to Chang 'an. In the 22nd year of Kaiyuan, Zhang Jiuling was appointed as the secretariat. Wang Wei was demoted to the right. At that time, there was a poem, "Dedicating the Beginning to Prosper the People", which praised Zhang Jiuling's opposition to planting party member for personal gain and insulted Wang Wei.
The political proposition of the title reflected his mood of demanding at that time. Twenty-four years (736), Zhang Jiuling went on strike. The following year, Jingzhou was relegated to a long history. Li's appointment as the secretariat is a turning point in Xuanzong's politics from relatively clear to increasingly dark. Wang Wei was depressed about Zhang Jiuling's demotion, but he didn't quit the officialdom. In the 25th year of Kaiyuan, he was ordered to visit Cui, our envoy from Hexi. Later, he learned from the temple history that Wang Wei's official position was gradually promoted. Before the Anshi Rebellion, on the one hand, officials were tired and worried about the officialdom at that time, on the other hand, they were attached to the stack and could not leave decisively. So he lived a semi-official and semi-secluded life for a long time ... Wang Wei's achievements in poetry are various, including frontier poems, landscape poems, regular poems and quatrains. He really has his unique attainments in describing natural scenery. Whether it is the grandeur of famous mountains and rivers, the grandeur of frontier blockades, or the quietness of small bridges and flowing water, it can accurately and concisely create a perfect and vivid image, with less pen and ink, high artistic conception and complete integration of poetry and painting. Landscape pastoral poetry school is one of the two major poetry schools in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. This school of poetry is the successor of Tao Yuanming, Xie Lingyun and Xie Tiao. The poets of this school are famous for their good description of landscapes and pastoral scenery, and their artistic styles are relatively close. They reflect their peaceful mind or secluded thoughts by depicting quiet scenery, so they are called "the school of landscape pastoral poetry". The main writers are Meng Haoran, Wang Wei, Chang Jian, Zuyong, Pei Di and others. Among them, Wang Wei and Meng Haoran, also known as "Wang Meng", have the highest achievements and the greatest influence.
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Precocious, and my younger brother Kim are very smart since childhood. At the age of fifteen, he went to Beijing to take an exam. Because he can write good poems, be good at calligraphy and painting, and have a talent for music, Wang Wei, a teenager, immediately became the darling of princes and nobles in Beijing. About his statue in Wang Wei
Musical talent, there was such a story: once, a person got a picture of playing music, but I don't know why he was named after it. Wang Wei looked at it and replied, "This is the first shot of the third colorful feather." Musicians are invited to play, which is exactly the same. In the poem, there are written materials written by him at the age of fifteen, seventeen and eighteen. It can be seen that he was already a famous poet when he was a teenager. This is rare among poets. In the aristocratic hereditary society at that time, a versatile person would naturally be appreciated by Wei. So, at the age of twenty-one, he was admitted to Jinshi. After becoming an official, Wang Wei used his leisure time in officialdom to build a villa at the foot of the South Blue Sky Mountain in Beijing to cultivate his self-cultivation. The owner of this villa is Song Wenzhi, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty. This is a very vast place, with mountains and lakes, Woods and valleys, and some houses scattered among them. At this time, Wang Wei and his intimate friends lived a leisurely life. This is his semi-official and semi-hidden life. Wang Wei, who has been living a comfortable life, was involved in unexpected waves in his later years. An Shi Rebellion broke out in the 14th year of Tianbao in Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (755). In the war, he was captured by the thief army and forced to be a fake official. However, this became a serious problem after the war subsided, so he was handed over to the company for trial. He defected to the rebels and deserved to be beheaded. Fortunately, in the chaos, he wrote a poem longing for the son of heaven. In addition, his younger brother, who was an assistant minister of punishments at that time (fled with the emperor), begged him to exchange his official position for his younger brother's life, so Wang was spared and was only demoted. Later, he was promoted to Shangshu Youcheng. Wang Wei had positive political ambitions in his early years, hoping to make a great career. Later, the political situation changed, and he gradually became depressed, fasting and chanting Buddha. In his forties, he deliberately built a villa in Wangchuan, Lantian County, southeast of Chang 'an, and lived a semi-official and semi-secluded life. This poem is a chapter in his seclusion life, the main content of which is "expressing ambition" and the poet's desire to stay away from the secular and continue to live in seclusion. The scenery in the poem is not deliberately laid out, natural and fresh, as if it is handy, and the distant place is self-evident and has profound connotations. Wang Wei, a biography of Wang Wei in the old Tang Dynasty, was born in Taiyuan. My father was loyal and ended up in Sima, Fenzhou and Qianpu, so he was from Hedong. Wei Kaiyuan was a scholar in nine years. Mother Cui Shi listened, holding the filial piety. With my younger brother, I am handsome, knowledgeable, versatile and equally famous. Li you picked up the remains, supervised the remonstrance, and left everything, and painstakingly made up for it.
Medium. Mother dies, wood destroys bones, and it is almost impossible to lose it. Take clothes and worship the official department doctor. At the end of Tianbao, in order to give something. Lushan Mountain was trapped in two capitals, and Xuanzong was lucky, but Hu Wei was inferior, and was made by thieves. Taking Uighur medicine to treat dysentery is mistakenly called dysentery. Lushan pitied him, sent someone to meet Luoyang, detained him in Puji Temple, and forced him to make a fake. Lushan hosted a banquet for his disciples in Ningbi Palace. His workers were all disciples from Liyuan and workers from Jiao Fang. Wei Wen's "Sorrow" is a poem: "When thousands of people are worried about the wild, when will hundreds of officials return to heaven?" In autumn, Sophora japonica falls into the palace and plays orchestral strings in the pool. "Thief, trapped thief officer third-class crime. Wei Yi's "Ning Bi Shi" was heard in the news, and Su Zongjia wrote it. The meeting asked the assistant minister of punishments to pay for the crime of redeeming his brother, especially for it, and gave it to Prince Zhongyun. When he was in Yuan Dynasty, he moved to the son of the Prince, the son of Zhonggong, returned to Zhonggong and became a minister. Wei is famous for his poems of Kaiyuan and Tianbao, and both Kun and Zhong travel. All kings, Hao of Ma Xu, have the right to welcome him, Wang Wei.
Wang Ning and Wang Xue regard them as teachers and friends. Wei Youchang's five-character poems. Calligraphy and painting are particularly wonderful, and the strokes are thoughtful and integrated into nature. However, there is a lack of creativity, such as the mountains are far away, the stone color of Yunfeng is extinct, and the painter is beyond his power. I don't know the name of "Playing Music Map", Wei Shi said, "The third stack of" Nishang "is also the first shot." Good people gather musicians and pressure them to perfection, and they are convinced of their thoughts. Uighur brothers worship Buddha, live on vegetables, don't eat meat and blood, and grow fast in their later years, without clothes and colors. Lantian Villa in Song Dynasty is just beside it; The water's edge is surrounded by a shed, so don't go up to the flower dock in Zhuzhou, associate with Taoist friends Pei Di and Uighur, and play the piano and recite poems all day. Taste his pastoral poem,No. Wangchuan Collection. In the capital, a dozen monks have a meal every day, and they take pleasure in mysterious conversations. There is nothing in the lent except tea trays, medicine mortars, scriptures and rope beds. After retiring from the DPRK, he burned incense and sat alone, taking meditation as his career. When my wife dies, she will never marry again. After living in a room alone for 30 years, the screen is almost gone. He died in July of the second year of Gan Yuan. Before he died, he stayed in Fengxiang, suddenly wanted to write a suicide note, and wrote several suicide notes with his relatives all his life. The friends of Duo Dunli gave up the pen for the purpose of practicing Buddhism. Jin represented the clan as prime minister. People often say that "the poet of the Qing Dynasty is the most famous poet in Tianbao, and I have tasted his movements on the throne. How many anthologies are there today? You can come in. " He said, "My brother Kaiyuan wrote more than 1000 poems. After Tianbao, none of the ten poems were preserved. Compared with Chinese and foreign relatives and friends, there are more than 400. " The next day, I was rewarded by the emperor. It has its own biography.
The achievements of editing this poem
Shortly after Wang Wei's death, Tang Daizong, who was fond of literature, said to Prime Minister Wang Jin, "The Bo family in Qing Dynasty is the most famous poet in Tianbao, and I have tasted its movement on the throne. How many anthologies are there today? You can come in. " Wang Jin said, "My brother Kaiyuan wrote more than 1000 poems. After Tianbao, not one of the ten poems remained. Compared with Chinese and foreign relatives and friends, there are more than 400. " So I played Wang Wei's poem. Wang Wei
[1] He is a representative of poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Wang Wei has been an official in the capital for many years and has had many contacts with the prince and your Lord. His literary reputation is very high, and he was regarded as a literate sect in Kaiyuan and Tianbao periods. He is good at five-character poems, and because he is proficient in music, his five-character poems are easy to combine, spread widely and have a high reputation. Wang Wei's modern poems are rigorous in temperament and bold in conception, and most of his landscape poems win for both scenery and scenery. Commenting on his own poems, Yin Yun said: "Uygur poems are elegant and exquisite, with fresh ideas and just right ideas. It's a pearl in spring and a picture on the wall. Every word is different. " Wang Wei has made great achievements in poetry writing skills. However, due to his negative recluse thoughts, many of his poems contain negative escapist factors. Therefore, in the history of literature, he and Meng Haoran are both representatives of "hermit poetry school". Wang Wei's love for other people's poems is often directly introduced into his own poems, such as "I will go to the water to stop me, and then sit and watch Yun Qi", which is a condensed poem in Wen Yuan Hua Ying; "Egrets flying in the secluded marsh and mango trees singing" is another poem by friends of the Li family. Some people call it "Wang Weihao praises others". Tang Daizong spoke highly of Wang Wei's poems. He said in "Answering Wang Jin's Collection of Watch Hands": "The people of the Qing Dynasty experienced the first dynasty and were called the generation of Gao Xi. When discussing beauty, they recited it by population." By the end of the Tang Dynasty, the disciples of Liyuan were still singing Wang Wei's quatrains, which showed its far-reaching influence. There are less than 400 poems by Wang Wei. Among them, the most representative of his creative characteristics is the description of natural scenery such as mountains, rivers and pastoral areas, and poems that recite seclusion. Wang Wei's high achievements in describing natural scenery made him unique in the poetry circle in the prosperous Tang Dynasty and became the representative of the pastoral poetry school. He inherited and developed the tradition of writing landscape poems initiated by Xie Lingyun, and absorbed the freshness and naturalness of Tao Yuanming's landscape pastoral poems, which made the achievements of landscape pastoral poems reach a peak, thus occupying an important position in the history of China's poetry. Together with Meng Haoran, he is a representative figure of the pastoral poetry school in Tang Dynasty. Wang Jin collected more than 400 poems of Wang Wei in Biography of Wang Wei in Old Tang Dynasty. In addition, Wang Jin's "Entering Wang Youcheng Collection Table" was compiled as 10 volume. Shu Gu Tang originally contained the Collected Works of Wang Youcheng by Masha in the Southern Song Dynasty 10, and then it was returned to Lu Xinyuan □ Song Lou. The Beijing Library has 10 volume of Wang Mo's Song Shu Engraving Collection, which was photocopied and published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House on 1982. In the Yuan Dynasty, there were six volumes of The Collection of Wang Youcheng, which were reviewed by Liu, and four copies were copied by You Qian, Lv Xiang and Cui Xingzong. In the Ming Dynasty, there were 10 volumes of Wang Youcheng's poems in the Tang Dynasty, among which 4 volumes of Selected Poems were the earliest extant annotations of Wang Wei's poems. Zhao Diancheng's Notes on Wang Youcheng in Qing Dynasty is a good one so far. In addition to explaining all the poems, there are also notes to explain the author's suspicious poems, and occasionally textual research; Wang Wei's life information and poetry and painting comments were also collected as appendices. 196 1 year, Zhao Zhu was revised by Shanghai Editorial Institute of Zhonghua Book Company and printed and published. In addition, Zheng Zhenduo collated the four series with Zhao Diancheng's notes and other four versions, and included them in the World Library. For the deeds, see Biography of Old and New Books of Tang Dynasty. Both Gu's annotation and Zhao Diancheng's annotation are accompanied by Wang Wei's chronicle written by the annotator. Modern Chen Yi has an article about Wang Wei's life story, followed by Wang Wei's chronology (on Tang poetry). Wang Wei's creative talents are manifold. His five laws and five or seven words are the highest attainments, and he is also good at other subjects, which is quite prominent in the whole Tang Dynasty poetry circle. His seven laws are either rich and gorgeous, or beautiful and elegant, which were learned by the seven sons of the Ming Dynasty. Seven ancient poems, Peach Blossom, Old General and Answering My Brother with Cui Fu, are among the best among the seven ancient poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, with their scattered forms and erratic momentum. Prose also has excellent works. The Book of Mountains Pei Xiucai's Cuisine is beautiful, meaningful and poetic, which is similar to its landscape poetry style. What Wang Wei lacks in concentration is those eulogizing and eulogizing poems, flattering chorus poems and works that directly promote Buddhism. Their content is not enough, and their language is full of cliches or boredom. However, there are also some famous sayings, such as "the leaves covered by the spring rain are in the double wind of the imperial city in the clouds" ("looking down in the spring rain during the process of adding pavilions from Xianshan Palace to Hehuang Poetry"), which are also praised for their high weather and meticulous objects. The illustrations of Wang Weishi's "Youth Journey" are selected from the Yazhai block-printed edition of the Ming Wanli Collection "Seven Words of Tang Poetry".
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Most of Wang Wei's poems are idyllic, depicting natural beauty and revealing leisure interest in his leisure life. Wang Wei's landscape poems, usually in the form of five laws and five sentences, are short in length, delicate in language and soothing in syllables, which are especially suitable for expressing the tranquility of landscapes and the poet's leisurely mood. Wang Wei became increasingly depressed after middle age and sought sustenance in Buddhism and landscapes. He called himself "the portrait of Wang Wei".
[2] It is fun to realize silence, and you have more leisure in this life ("Fan Fu Busan Monk"). This state of mind has been fully reflected in his poetry creation. In the past, many people admired Wang Wei's poems, on the one hand, because of his high artistic skills, on the other hand, because of his leisure and negative thoughts. In the Ming Dynasty, Hu Yinglin called Wang Wei's five-line poem "Zen", and said that two poems, Bird-singing Creek and Wu Xinyi, "I forgot my life experience after reading them, and my thoughts were all silent" (poems), which is proof. Legend of Snow Scene is a work about Wang Wei's parting and travel, and there are often some beautiful sentences describing the scenery, such as "Far trees lead, the sunset is red in the distant city" ("Sending money home") and "Half a mountain and half a rain, thousands of valleys come to the Silk Waterfall" ("To Li Shi in Zizhou"). The tides rise and fall on the earth (Farewell to Guizhou) and Lonely Smoke in the Desert. Join the Army, Travel in Longxi, Yan Fenke, Hunting Observation, Frontier Conquest and Frontier Conquest are all magnificent works. "The Song of the Dragon's Head" and "The Journey of the Old General" express the sadness that the generals are not rewarded for their meritorious service, and reflect one aspect of the internal contradictions of the feudal ruling class. "Hunting" vividly describes the hunting scene. Yimen sang the chivalrous spirit of historical figures. The four poems in A Boy's Journey show chivalry, boldness, vivid images and smooth brushwork. These works are generally believed to have been written by Wang Wei in his early years. There are also some poems, such as Fu to the Four Sages in Shang Dynasty, Allegory, Fu to Unfortunate Encounter, Five Random Poems, etc., which were written later, expressing indignation at the unreasonable phenomenon that the rich nobles dominated the official career and the talented people were frustrated, and reflecting some dark sides of feudal politics in Kaiyuan and Tianbao periods. Luoyang Galand Ji, Xi Shi Yong and Zhuliguan express their feelings and satire on the dignitaries through comparison. Women's sufferings are described in Mrs Xi and Ban Jieyu. They are sad and have certain social significance. Lyric poems such as Farewell to the Old Friend, I watched you go down the mountain, Send Li to Lingaotai to receive the legacy, Send Two Envoys to Anxi, Send Shen Zifu to Jiangdong, Miss My Shandong Brothers in the Mountain, Acacia, Miscellaneous Poems, and You from My Old Country have been told for thousands of years. "Send Yuan 20 An Xi" and "Acacia" were broadcast as music at that time and were widely sung. These poems are all five-character quatrains or seven-character quatrains, with sincere feelings, beautiful and natural language and simple and profound beauty, which can be compared with Li Bai and Wang Changling and represent the highest achievement of quatrains in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Wang Wei in Zhuliguan leans alone in the dense bamboo, and I am playing the pipa and humming a song. It's too light for anyone to hear, except my partner, Mingyue. An Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains was selected in Class 6 15 of Shanghai New Textbook, Selected Reading of Tang Poems and Song Poems and the Soviet Education Press High School Elective Textbook Birding Stream were selected in Unit 4 of Shanghai New Textbook for Grade 6, Zhou Poem "Let It Go to the Frontier" was selected in the eighth grade textbook of People's Education Press, and Lesson 30 of Unit 6 was selected in the sixth grade extracurricular ancient poetry textbook of New Education Press.
Appreciation of editing this poem
There are less than 400 poems by Wang Wei. Among them, the most representative of his creative characteristics is the description of natural scenery such as mountains and rivers, pastoral and secluded poems. Wang Wei's high achievements in describing natural scenery made him unique in the poetry circle in the prosperous Tang Dynasty and became the representative of the pastoral poetry school. He inherited and developed the tradition of writing landscape poems initiated by Xie Lingyun, and absorbed the freshness and naturalness of Tao Yuanming's landscape pastoral poems, which made the achievements of landscape pastoral poems reach a peak, thus occupying an important position in the history of China's poetry. Together with Meng Haoran, he is a representative figure of the pastoral poetry school in Tang Dynasty. Wang Jin collected more than 400 poems of Wang Wei in Biography of Wang Wei in Old Tang Dynasty. In addition, Wang Jin's "Entering Wang Youcheng Collection Table" was compiled as 10 volume. Shu Gu Tang originally contained the Collected Works of Wang Youcheng by Masha in the Southern Song Dynasty 10, and then it was returned to Lu Xinyuan □ Song Lou. Beijing Library has 10 volume of Wang Mosong Shu Engraving Collection, which was photocopied and published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House on 1982. In the Yuan Dynasty, there were six volumes of The Collection of Wang Youcheng, which were reviewed by Liu, and four copies were copied by You Qian, Lv Xiang and Cui Xingzong. In the Ming Dynasty, there were 10 volumes of Wang Youcheng's poems in the Tang Dynasty, among which 4 volumes of Selected Poems were the earliest extant annotations of Wang Wei's poems. Zhao Diancheng's Notes on Wang Youcheng in Qing Dynasty is a good one so far. In addition to explaining all the poems, there are also notes to explain the author's suspicious poems, and occasionally textual research; Wang Wei's life information and poetry and painting comments were also collected as appendices. 196 1 year, Zhao Zhu was revised by Shanghai Editorial Institute of Zhonghua Book Company and printed and published. In addition, Zheng Zhenduo collated the four series with Zhao Diancheng's notes and other four versions, and included them in the World Library. For the deeds, see Biography of Old and New Books of Tang Dynasty. Both Gu's annotation and Zhao Diancheng's annotation are accompanied by Wang Wei's chronicle written by the annotator. Modern Chen Zhu has a thesis on Wang Wei's life and deeds, followed by a chronicle of Wang Wei (on Tang poetry). Wang Wei's creative talents are manifold. His five laws and five or seven words are the highest attainments, and he is also good at other subjects, which is quite prominent in the whole Tang Dynasty poetry circle. His seven laws are either rich and gorgeous, or beautiful and elegant, which were learned by the seven sons of the Ming Dynasty. Seven ancient poems, Peach Blossom, Old General and Answering My Brother with Cui Fu, are among the best among the seven ancient poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, with their scattered forms and erratic momentum. Prose also has excellent works. The Book of Mountains Pei Xiucai's Cuisine is beautiful, meaningful and poetic, which is similar to its landscape poetry style. What Wang Wei lacks in concentration is those eulogizing and eulogizing poems, flattering chorus poems and works that directly promote Buddhism. Their content is not enough, and their language is full of cliches or boredom. However, there are also some famous sayings, such as "the leaves covered by the spring rain are in the double wind of the imperial city in the clouds" ("looking down in the spring rain during the process of adding pavilions from Xianshan Palace to Hehuang Poetry"), which are also praised for their high weather and meticulous objects. The illustrations of Wang Weishi's "Youth Journey" are selected from the Yazhai block-printed edition of the Ming Wanli Collection "Seven Words of Tang Poetry".
Not at home. You have just come from our hometown, and we must understand the world. When you passed my window, did the plum blossom bloom its first cold flower? . I have seen cold plum hair and heard birds singing. Looking forward to the spring grass, I am afraid of my previous life. The whole article does not have the word "acacia", which seems handy, but in fact, every sentence is profound. With the metaphor of "cold plum" and "spring grass", the feeling of lovesickness is vividly on the paper. (3) Poetry permeates Zen and is elegant and ethereal. On the contrary, Wang Wei's poems are cold and quiet, far away from the world and full of Zen. The artistic conception of mountains and rivers has gone beyond the ordinary natural aesthetics and entered a religious realm, which is the inevitable embodiment of Wang Wei's Buddhist cultivation. Wang Wei lived in an era when Buddhism flourished. Scholar-officials learning Buddhism is very popular. Several times of political dissatisfaction and seclusion in his life made Wang Wei concentrate on studying Buddhism in order to despise fame and fortune and get rid of his troubles. Some poems can be traced back, such as Crossing Ji Xiang Temple: I don't know the way to Jixiang Temple, but I wander under the mountains and clouds for miles. In the evening, come to the empty pool and meditate quietly to suppress the dragon. "Some poems are ethereal, without Zen, but also with Zen. Like a gazelle, there is no trace. For example, I will walk until the river blocks my way, then sit down and look at the rising clouds. One day, I met an old woodcutter, laughing and never coming back (I was in the seclusion of Zhongnanshan), and the wind blew my belt, and my pipa was as bright as the mountains and the moon. You ask me good or bad luck? Listen, there is a fisherman singing on the lake! (Answer to Deputy Governor Yin Zhang) It is full of Zen machines that are close to nature, body, materialization and fate. Another example: there seems to be no one on the empty mountain, but I think I heard a voice. The sunshine there, entering a small forest, shines back on me from the moss ("Chai Lu") people's idle osmanthus. The night is quiet and the mountains are empty. When the moon comes out, the birds are startled, and the sound enters the spring stream. Everything is silent and inaction, illusory and impermanent, aimless, unconscious, without joy in life and sorrow in death, but everything is immortal and eternal, just as Hu Yinglin's poem and Huang's Tang Poetry "Expression" commented: "People forget their life experience when reading, and all thoughts are silent, which does not mean that they have rhythm. "
Thirdly, the influence of Wang Wei's landscape poems on later generations.
Wang Wei's landscape poems are mostly written in the later period. Compared with his predecessors, he expanded the content of this kind of poetry and added its artistic style, which made the achievements of landscape poetry reach an unprecedented height. This is his outstanding contribution to China's classical poetry. Among them, the pastoral poems describing rural scenery and farm life are full of pastoral sentiment, showing his leisurely interest and calm and comfortable state of mind. Such as farmhouses on the Wei River and pastoral songs in spring. More works focus on the picturesque scenery of the countryside, "New Sunny Wild Hope": "The new sunny Yuan Ye is vast and has no atmosphere. There are no idle people on the farm and the home is in the south. " Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains describes the beautiful scenery of the mountain village when it rains at dusk. Those landscape poems in Wang's poems that depict the beauty of natural tranquility have high aesthetic value. Such as "Qingxi": I once drove the river of yellow flowers and chased Qingxi water first. 10,000 laps over the mountains. On a journey of less than thirty miles. The rapids buzzed on the piled rocks, but the light dimmed among the dense pine trees. There is no water in the water, and weeds are flourishing on the shore. Deep down in my heart, I have always been pure, Qingchuan Dansuo. Oh, stay on a wide flat rock and cast the fishing line forever! . Throughout, the heart shines on the water, the heart is lined with the water, and things and I blend, which embodies an inherent pursuit of beauty. While some pastoral poems focus on rendering ethereal artistic conception and lonely feelings. For example, "Zhu" and "Zhu" are both weak points, aiming at quietness and interest. This will undoubtedly have a certain negative impact on later landscape poems. Wang Wei is brilliant, and the infiltration of different arts has had a far-reaching impact on his poems. He put painting into poetry, which made his landscape poems poetic. The language of Wang's poems is implicit, fresh and lively, with varied sentence patterns and rhythms, loud and harmonious phonology and musical beauty. In a word, Wang Wei's landscape poems have a far-reaching influence on later generations, both in subject matter and artistic style.
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Landscape theory
Every painting of mountains and rivers is done on purpose. The foot of Zhangshan Mountain is a tree. Far people have no eyes and far trees have no branches. There are no stones in the distant mountains, and Wang Wei painted them.
Faint as an eyebrow; Far water without waves, as high as a cloud. This is a tactic. The mountain height is blocked by clouds, the stone wall is blocked by springs, and the road is blocked. Stones look at three sides, roads look at two ends, trees look at the head, and water looks at the foot of the wind. This is the law. Where landscapes are painted, the top is flat, the cliffs are steep, the rocks are hanging, the mountains are round and the roads are clear. The one sandwiched between two mountains is called he ye, the one sandwiched between two mountains and water is called Sword Leaf, and the one as high as a mountain is called Ling Ye, which is extremely flat. According to this person, it seems to be rough. The viewer looks at the weather first, and then distinguishes the turbidity. Set the direction of the two sides and list the prestige of the peaks. Too much is chaotic, too little is slow, and too little is far and near. The distant mountain shall not be connected with the near mountain, and the distant water shall not be connected with the near water. Built on the mountainside, the temple house can keep safe; Broken banks and dams, small bridges. Where there is a road, there are trees, where there is a shore, there are corners, there are ancient crossings, where there is no water, there are smoke trees, where there is water, there are sails, and where there is forest, there are houses. Ancient trees facing rocks, broken roots and tangled vines; Facing the stone embankment, it is strange and stained with water. The place where the tree is painted is far flat and close, tender and soft with leaves and hard without leaves. Pine skin is like scales, and cypress skin covers it. People who live on soil have long roots and straight stems, while people who live on stones are bent and lonely. There are many ancient festivals, half-dead, cold forests and bleak. There are two things that don't distinguish between heaven and earth and things. There is wind and no rain, just look at the branches. Windless rain, low-pressure tree head, pedestrian's umbrella, fisherman's hemp fiber. When it rains, the sky is blue, the fog is light, the mountains are green and moist, and the sun is oblique. Early in the morning, Qian Shan is already early in the morning, with a slight mist, hazy waning moon and coma. In the evening scene, the mountains are covered with red sun, the sails in the river are rolling, pedestrians are in a hurry, and firewood is half covered. In spring, the fog locks the smoke cage, the long smoke leads to the element, the water is like blue dye, and the mountains are gradually clear. Summer scenery is covered with ancient trees, green water without waves, passing through clouds and waterfalls, and close to the water tower. Autumn scenery, the sky is watery, there are dense forests, wild geese and autumn water, and the green island Sha Ting. In winter, the land is borrowed for snow, the woodcutter pays for it, the fishing boat docks, and the water is shallow and flat. To draw a landscape painting, you must press four points. Or smoke cage fog lock, or Chu return, or autumn dawn, or ancient burial broken monument, or Dongting spring scenery, or desolate and charming road. And so on, it is called painting. The top of the mountain is different, and the head of the tree is different. The mountain is a clothing tree, and the tree is a bone mountain. Trees should not be numerous, but should see the beauty of mountains; The mountain must not be chaotic, and it must show the spirit of the mountain. What can do this is a landscape painting painted by famous artists.
Landscape strategy
Among Fu's paintings, ink painting is the best. The essence of nature is the work of nature. Or a painting in the distance, write a scene thousands of miles away. East, west, north and south, Waner is currently; Spring, summer, autumn and winter, born in pen. When the water is first laid, avoid floating mountains; Don't take a continuous road if there are different roads. The main peak should be towering, and the guest mountain should be rushing. Back to the monk's house, you can be safe, and people on land and water can buy it. Several trees are planted in the village to form a forest branch; Cliffs merge into water and waterfalls, but springs don't flow randomly. The ferry should only be silent, and pedestrians should be sparse. Boating bridge should be majestic; It doesn't hurt to fish. Between the steep cliffs, it's really strange; The road to cliffs and rocks. The cave in the distance meets the clouds, and the water in the sky shines in the distance. Mountain hook lock, the most out of its along the stream; When the road is in danger, the plank road can stay here. Flat terraces, preferring Gaoliu people; Famous mountains and temples, elegant pavilions, lined with strange trees. Vision smoke cage, deep rock cloud lock. The wine flag should be hung high on the road and the passenger sail should be hung low in the water. The mountains in the distance should be low, and the trees nearby should be pulled up. In addition to calligraphy inkstone, sometimes the game is samadhi. Time is long and quite subtle. Wise men don't talk much, but good scholars follow the rules. The top of the tower is towering, so you don't need to see the temple. There seems to be nothing, either rising or falling. Party piled up mound, half exposed under the eaves; The thatched cottage and green pavilion are slightly lemon-shaped. The mountain has eight sides and the stone has three sides. Don't be like grass in idle clouds, the picture is only one inch long, and the pine and cypress are two feet long today.
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Su Shi once said: "There are paintings in poetry, which are fascinating; Look at the picture, there are poems in the picture. " Wang Wei is not only outstanding in literary talent, but also an excellent painter who is good at music. His profound artistic accomplishment, love for nature and long-term experience of living in the mountains make him have a keen, unique and nuanced feeling for the beauty of nature. Therefore, the landscape scenery in his works is particularly full of charm, often slightly exaggerated, showing a deep and long artistic conception, which is intriguing. His poems are very picturesque, with bright colors and a combination of motion and static, especially good at showing the changes of light color and sound in nature in detail. For example, the torrent buzzes on the piled rocks, but the light becomes dim among the dense pine trees (Qingxi), the brook sings on the winding rocks, the sun is reconciled by pines (through Ji Xiang Temple), bird watching creek, Chai Lu, Mulan Village, etc. , all have exquisite works. The illustration of Wang Wei's "Mountain Holiday Thinking of Shandong Brothers" is selected from the famous prints of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty. He has theoretical works on painting, On Landscape and Landscape Tactics.
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There is a saying that "Li Bai is a genius, Du Fu is a native talent and Wang Wei is a talent". Wang Wei is not only recognized as Shi Fo, but also a master of Nanshan literati painting (Qian Zhongshu called him "the first painter in the prosperous Tang Dynasty"), and he is proficient in temperament. Wang Wei is a rare all-rounder, who enjoyed great fame both before and after his death. History says that "fame is in Kaiyuan and Tianbao, and the nobles and heroes are vain to welcome it, and the kings of Ning and Xue treat it as teachers and friends" (New Tang Book). Tang Daizong once called it "the literate sect in the world" (Answer to Wang Weiji in Wang Jin). Du Fu also called him "the most beautiful sentence in a full picture book" (the eighth of the twelve poems in Jieboredom). Yin Kun said: "Uygur poetry is elegant and refined, with new ideas and ideas. It's a pearl in spring and a picture on the wall. Every word is different. " At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Si Kongtu praised it as "interesting and clear, bright and profound [3]" ("Comment on Poetry with Wang Jia"). In the past, people once praised Wang Wei as "Shi Fo" and compared him with poet Du Fu and poet Li Bai. As far as ideological content is concerned, Wang Wei's poems are far from comparable to those of Li and Du Fu. In terms of art, Wang Wei did have his unique achievements and contributions. In the Tang Dynasty, the poems of Liu Changqing, Ten Talents in Dali, Yao He and Jia Dao were all influenced by Wang Wei to varying degrees. Until the Qing Dynasty, Wang Shizhen admired verve, but actually regarded his poems as worship. However, this school of poetry is often sentimental and lacks social content.