Shanshan Guild Hall in Jiaxian County, located in Xiguan Street, was built in the thirty-second year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1693). There is Mingshan Temple, and some people call it Guandi Temple.
The hall faces south, and a pair of tall stone lions stand on both sides of the gate. Yingmen is a zhaobi, with front and rear halls, theatres, bell and drum towers and other buildings. There are three theaters facing north at the entrance. The theater is built on the gate of the guild hall. Under the stage, there is a passage to and from the guild hall, and there is a rest platform top. It can accommodate more than 3000 people to watch the play together. It is the most lively place in the guild hall. Troupe companies, large and small, come here to perform and entertain themselves every Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. Troupes from many parts of the country have performed here. For many businessmen, perhaps the homesickness of businessmen who travel thousands of miles can only be comforted by listening to hometown dramas.
Under the eaves of the theater are exquisite wood carvings, flowers and birds and figures with vivid shapes and exquisite craftsmanship. The wood under the front eaves is full of carved flowers, and there are local lion fighting figures, dancing or fighting, which are lifelike. The eaves are tilted, the dragon balls are beaded and the golden scales are shining, bending and hovering in the blue sky and green eaves. On both sides of the theater are the Bell and Drum Tower, which is 4 meters high with double cornices and towering into the sky. The upper and lower cornices are animals, each with a bell, and the breeze is jingling. The kissing animals at both ends of the building ridge are tall and vivid. Arranging these kissing animals in high eaves and corners symbolizes disaster elimination and means cutting off-upholding justice. There is a brick unicorn vase in the middle of the ridge, which is several feet higher than the ridge. There are 1 1 east and west corridors in the museum, and there are five stalls in the main hall for the exclusive use of Guan Gong. Ten towering cypresses can be seen from both sides of the temple to the backyard.
From west to west along Dongpo Avenue in Jiaxian County, it is found that the originally flat city streets have become potholes and narrow dirt roads. Walking a few tens of meters to the west on the dirt road, you can see an antique building, solemn and simple, resplendent and magnificent, revealing a kind of momentum with deep pockets. This is Shanshan Guild Hall in Jiaxian County. Ruthless years have cast an old color on the building complex of Shanshan Guild Hall. However, a row of red lanterns hung on the building by local authorities during the Spring Festival of the Year of the Rat still brought some vitality to the faded Guild Hall.
When the reporter came to Shanshan Guild Hall in Jiaxian County, he saw that the door of the Guild Hall was closed and deserted. Standing here, you can mainly see the theater and bell and drum tower of the guild hall. The theater is built above the mountain gate of the guild hall, and under the stage is the passage to and from the guild hall. On both sides of the theater are the bell and drum towers. Above the mountain gate, there are three characters "Shanshan Temple". Kong Gongling, a sinologist in China, director of Confucius Temple Protection Association in China, honorary curator of Confucius Temple Museum in jia county, works in jia county Cultural Bureau. He told reporters that Shanshan Guild Hall in Jiaxian County is also a famous mountain temple, and some people call it Guandi Temple.
The Shanshan Guild Hall faces south, and there is a wall at the front entrance of the Guild Hall. The tall and thick zhaobi was built on the street and covered the roof of the palace, which looked square and solemn. According to the records of Pingdingshan City, Zhaobi is 7m high, 8m wide and 1 m thick. The wall base is made of red stone strips, the upper part is made of blue bricks, and the top is covered with warping tiles, which rises from Wuling Town. According to the shady center of the wall, a circular pool was made, and the brick carved dragon relief was embedded. This photo wall is well-made and beautifully made. Although soaked in water for many times, it is still safe and sound. Kong said that there are a pair of tall stone lions more than 2 meters high on both sides of the main entrance of the club, facing each other. Unfortunately, the pair of stone lions have disappeared at present. After careful searching, the reporter only saw a pair of lions flush with the ground at the scene. The lion is now in the middle of the road in front of the mountain gate. It is usually covered with dust, and vehicles and pedestrians walk on it, becoming a veritable paving stone. The sculptures in theaters and bell and drum towers are the most attractive. These sculptures include wood carvings, exquisite brick carvings and stone carvings. There is a lion fighting relief in the south gate of the theater, which is vivid in shape. The eaves and teeth of the theater are upturned, the dragon holds the pearl head, and the golden scale dragon must be fully displayed. The wood carvings on the floor of the theater are hollow and transparent. The carving theme includes all kinds of fruits, flowers, birds, animals and plants, scenery and so on. , symbolizing good luck. Exquisite carving skills, delicate and realistic scenery. There are two floors of bells and drums on both sides of the theater. The base is 4 meters high, with double cornices and towering into the sky. The arches are rich and quaint. There are several groups of animals on the cornices at the top and bottom, each with a bell. The kissing beast at both ends of the building ridge is tall, with its tail rolled up and swallowed. Kissing animals has always been called the subtlety of China culture. The animals on the ridge of the Bell and Drum Tower have lively shapes, beautiful curves, exquisite temperament, simple and honest, and different expressions. It is said that arranging these kissing animals in high eaves and corners symbolizes the intention of eliminating disasters, turning disasters into blessings, cutting off right from wrong and upholding justice. The ancients used these animals to decorate buildings, making ancient buildings more magnificent and full of artistic charm. According to experts, kissing animals not only has the functions of decoration, reflecting grades and avoiding evil spirits, but also has the function of strengthening. At the top of the roof of the Bell and Drum Tower, there is a unicorn with an Aquarius, which is more than 1 m higher than the roof. On the ridge, the dragon holds its head high, and the dragon must be recognizable. At both ends of the ridge, there is a statue of an ancient general. The building is square, with 12 columns surrounding the lower floor and four columns hanging from the upper floor.
Residents nearby told me that the main entrance of the hall has long been locked. If you want to enter the hall, you need to go around the back of the hall and pass the provincial grain reserves of Jiaxian County. Master Wang, the enthusiastic shopkeeper, led the reporter around several turns and then walked into the hall compound. The first thing I saw when I walked into the yard were three theaters facing north. The stage is made of wide wooden boards, with wooden shelves and other sundries on the stage. The horizontal wood carving under the front eaves of the stage is chiseled through, with two pearl dragons in the middle and birds and deer around. Exquisite carving method and exquisite pattern. On the roof beam of the theater, in addition to the date of building and rebuilding the hall, the names of masons, carpenters and masons who built the hall were also left. Standing in the theater and looking at the stage can still remind people of the long past. Kong said that at the earliest time, more than 3,000 people could be accommodated to watch the play together. The stage of Shanshan Guild Hall was the earliest and most lively place. Troupes of all sizes come here to perform. Every Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival, they will entertain the gods and let the people watch them for free. Troupes from many parts of the country staged various plays here. For many businessmen, perhaps the sadness of leaving thousands of miles away can only be alleviated by listening to hometown dramas. However, there was no play in the hall afterwards. Aunt Wang Rong, who lives near the guild hall, is 73 years old. She said that she had lived here for 35 years and had never seen a play in the theater. Unfortunately, I don't know when a building was built in the huge theater compound, which was built in the middle of the theater. It is difficult to find the spectacular scene of the theater. There are no flowers and trees in the yard, only a few tung trees that are not in a row stand tall among them. The second floor of the double cornice bell and drum with a height of 4 meters on both sides of the theater can be seen more clearly from the courtyard. People can go through a small door under the bell and drum tower and climb the stairs to the second floor. Looking up from the second floor, you can see that the building is made of regular wood with beams in the middle of the roof. According to the Records of Pingdingshan City, there is a giant clock hanging in the east building, which is 2 meters high and weighs about 2500 kilograms. There is a big drum in the west building, with a diameter of about 1 m and a height of about 2 meters. This is the Drum Tower. Unfortunately, the bells and drums in the building have long since disappeared. The second floor of the bell and drum is made of brick and wood. Despite hundreds of years of wind and rain, the skeleton is still tall and straight. No wonder the theater, bell and drum tower of Shanshan Guild Hall are pushed to be the best in the country.
There is a row of corridors in the east and west of the hospital, from the theater to the north, through the buildings built by the relevant departments in the hospital later, to the central hall, and from both sides to the backyard. There is a back hall in the north of the backyard, which some people call the Spring and Autumn Building. The central hall and the spring and autumn building are not too complicated, but they are both huge, like the small auditorium built in the past. The doors of the two halls are small, and the foundation of the hall made of large pieces of red stone is high and compact. According to the chronicle of Pingdingshan, there was once a statue dedicated to the people in the central temple, but now it is gone. There used to be ten coopers in the backyard, but now there are no plants in the backyard. The overall architectural complex of Shanshan Guild Hall has reasonable design, rigorous layout and the structure reflects the quadrangle-style architectural style of Qing Dynasty, which has long been listed as a provincial key cultural relics protection unit. The Shanshan Guild Hall was also included in the dictionary of places of interest in China together with Sansufen. Kong said that after liberation, the main hall was used as a granary, and the office of the county grain bureau was also located in the main hall for a long time, on the east side of the main hall, and later a large grain reserve was built. On the day when the reporter arrived at the hall, the doors of the two halls were locked, so it was difficult to find the guards, so it was impossible to see the current situation inside the hall. At the entrance of the back hall, there are several big red characters "flood control materials warehouse". Kong said that flood control materials were indeed stored in the hall. There are almost no bodies in the hall at present.
According to the Records of Pingdingshan City, Shanshan Guild Hall in Jiaxian County is located in Xiguan Street, which was built in the thirty-second year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (A.D. 1693). During the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China, due to the meager strength of individual businessmen, in order to avoid being invaded by local forces, Shaanxi merchants from all over the country built Shanshan Guild Hall in many towns to facilitate business negotiations, which played an active role in uniting local businessmen, exchanging business information, safeguarding the interests of fellow villagers and traders, and mediating business disputes. According to historical records, during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Shanshan Guild Hall spread all over the country from Jiangsu and Zhejiang in the east, Xinjiang in the west, Liaoning in the north and Guangdong and Guangxi in the south, which was the epitome of the brilliant commercial miracle created by businessmen of Shanshan Guild Hall. Cihai said: "In Beijing and major cities, institutions set up by fellow villagers or people in the same industry have libraries for fellow villagers to stay temporarily." This is the most comprehensive and brief explanation of the guild hall. According to Mr. Pan Minzhong, an expert in literature and history in our city, our city is located at the junction of the mountainous area in western Henan and Huanghuai Plain in the hinterland of the Central Plains, with superior natural conditions, rich products and convenient transportation. Since ancient times, it has been a transit hub for commodity trade between North and South and East and West. Jiaxian was once an ancient road from Shanxi and Shaanxi to Anhui. Kong said that jia county used to be a traffic center on the ancient road from Luoyang to Cai (Cai Zhou, now runan county, Zhumadian City), and its commerce and trade were prosperous. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Pingdingshan's geographical advantages were more valued by Shanxi and Shaanxi businessmen who were good at doing business and seeking wealth. Therefore, chambers of commerce in Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces set up offices here, and then 2 1 businessmen donated money to build a guild hall as a place to welcome guests, socialize and pay homage to Guan Di. Jia county Shanshan Guild Hall is a temple and guild hall complex jointly built by Shanxi and Shaanxi businessmen. It is said that the Shanshan guild hall holds an annual meeting once a year, a regular meeting once or twice a month, and a temporary meeting in special circumstances.
The guild hall jointly built by Shanshan merchants is generally called Shanshan Guild Hall, also called Shanshan Temple or Guandi Temple. This is because the main building of Shanshan Guild Hall is dedicated to Guan Gong. Guan Gong's hometown is Xiezhou City, Shaanxi Province. According to legend, his surname is Tongguan, Shaanxi, and he is the hometown of Shanshan people. Coupled with Guan Gong's emphasis on honesty and loyalty, he became the patron saint of Shanxi businessmen who were far away from home and doing business abroad, stressing unity and seeking development. According to the preliminary investigation, there were 14 and 15 Shanshan Guilds built by Shanxi merchants in Pingdingshan during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Social unrest and business depression in the late Qing Dynasty led to the return of Shanxi merchants. The Shanshan Guild Hall in Pingdingshan is dying because it lost its former prosperity. Now only two clubs are preserved, one is Banza Shanshan Guild Hall in Ruzhou and the other is Shanshan Guild Hall in Jiaxian. The commercial civilization built by Qin Jin businessmen based on their beliefs has already been integrated into the Shanshan Guild Hall. The Shanshan guild hall, which stands firm in the wind and rain, is silent but meaningful, as if reminding people not to forget morality and be strict with themselves. As an organizational form of mass organizations, Shanshan Guild Hall is the most important position for social activities. It has the characteristics of large scale, exquisite architecture, obvious commercial nature, strong binding force, regionality and industry. Whenever a fellow villager is "itchy" outside, the club will "care for each other and take care of each other" and provide money and medicine; It will also provide convenience for poor Confucian scholars; It is even more necessary to give relief to the elderly who have lost their ability to work. Most of the ancient theatres of Shanshan Guild Hall are the essence of Guild Hall architecture. In the article Shame of Shanxi, Yu Zeng lamented the exquisiteness of the theater building of Shanshan Guild Hall. History will not repeat itself, but the Shanshan Guild Hall is telling future generations about its glory. At that time, businessmen's courage, boldness, broad management mind, unique business strategy and rigorous management mode left valuable historical wealth to future generations, which is worth discussing and thinking about.