I. Name of the case: Current unemployment in China.

Second, case application: The third section of this chapter is about the theory of relative overpopulation.

Third, the case source: Mo Rong: "Creating more jobs is an urgent task" People's Daily, April 2002, 18.

Fourth, the case content:

At present, China is facing a complicated and severe unemployment problem. Mainly manifested in:

(1) The contradiction between the total supply and demand of labor force is prominent. As the baby boomers are striding over the ranks of workers, there are 2.9 million more working-age workers during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period than during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period. The registered urban unemployment rate was 3. 1% in 2000 and 3.6% in 2006. There are 68 1 10,000 registered unemployed people in cities and towns, and 510.5 million laid-off workers in state-owned enterprises. The registered unemployment rate in cities and towns continues to rise, reaching 3.8% in mid-2002. In addition, there are about1.500 million surplus laborers in rural areas that need to be transferred urgently. At the same time, the increase in jobs has been relatively reduced. Due to structural adjustment and technological progress, the number of jobs created by economic growth has decreased relatively, and the employment elasticity coefficient has dropped to about 0. 1 in the 1990s. Therefore, although China maintained a high economic growth rate, the actual net increase in employment in the 1990s was only about 7 million. In 20001year, the actual net increase of jobs reached 9.4 million, but it was less than half of the average level in the 1980s. The supply of labor force obviously exceeds demand. According to the data released by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, in the fourth quarter of 200 1 00, there were only 75 job seekers.

(2) Some new changes have taken place in job seekers. According to the survey conducted by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security in June, 2006, 5438+0, young job seekers have occupied the main part, and more than 70% of job seekers are under the age of 35, which is obviously different from the situation that job seekers are mainly over 35 in the past. Moreover, job seekers have a higher education level, nearly half of them are high school graduates, and those with college education or above account for 1/3.

(3) The laid-off workers from state-owned enterprises are under great pressure to leave the center and the re-employment rate is low. According to the survey of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, in 200 1 year, 57% of laid-off workers expired, compared with 33% in 2002. However, 70% of laid-off workers have debt relations with the original enterprises, and these enterprises in trouble can't solve the problems of debt and economic compensation for leaving the center, which seriously hinders laid-off workers from leaving the center and dissolving labor relations. The laid-off workers are older, accounting for 72.5% over 35 years old. Due to cultural quality, vocational skills and other factors, re-employment is more difficult, and the number of people with employment difficulties is increasing. In 20001year, 2.27 million laid-off workers were re-employed, a decrease of 1.33 million compared with the previous year, and the re-employment rate was only 30.6%.

(4) At the beginning of China's entry into WTO, the number of structural unemployed will increase. In the long run, China's entry into WTO will enable China's foreign trade to enjoy multilateral, stable and unconditional MFN treatment, accelerate the development of labor-intensive industries in China, and thus increase employment opportunities. But in the early days, in the face of pressure, all industries and enterprises will increase structural adjustment, reorganize assets, lay off employees or even go bankrupt, leading to an increase in structural unemployment. In addition, the world economic downturn under the background of economic globalization and the high unemployment rate in some developed countries will also intensify international employment competition. In short, in view of the increasingly prominent unemployment problem, expanding employment has become an urgent task for China's economic and social development.

Case study of verb (abbreviation of verb);

1, China is a populous country, and the shortage of jobs will be a long-term phenomenon. In the early 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, China faced considerable employment pressure. Since the middle and late 1990s, the employment situation in China has tightened again. Among them, the problem of laid-off workers in state-owned enterprises, deflation and the imbalance between supply and demand of commodities in the market led to the general underemployment of enterprises, and the transfer of surplus rural labor to cities and towns constituted the new characteristics of unemployment in this period. We should treat the unemployment problem dialectically. Rising unemployment rate is not a good thing, but the increasingly rational economic structure, deepening enterprise reform, rationalizing labor relations, coordinating urban and rural employment, and unemployment moving from recessive to dominant are all playing a benign role in economic development, which should be said to be a good thing. To alleviate the unemployment problem, it is basically necessary to rely on sustained, stable and healthy economic development.

2. Economic growth is a prerequisite for expanding employment. According to the actual situation in China in recent ten years, every GDP growth 1% can increase about 1 10,000 jobs. When the GDP growth rate is lower than 5%, the number of unemployed people will increase significantly. Therefore, we must continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy, further expand domestic demand and maintain a high economic growth rate, which is the fundamental guarantee for solving the employment problem. At the same time, we should give overall consideration to the development of public ownership economy and non-public ownership economy. In recent years, the employment opportunities created by the non-public economy have always accounted for most of the new jobs, so we should strive to promote the development of the non-public economy.

3. Accelerating the development of the tertiary industry is not only the inevitable choice for China's industrial upgrading and economic restructuring, but also the main channel to increase employment. Judging from the percentage point of employment growth (employment elasticity) driven by each percentage point increase in the added value of various industries, the employment elasticity of the tertiary industry in 2000 was 0.39, much higher than that of the secondary industry (0. 15) and the primary industry (0.25). Judging from the contribution rate of employment growth in various industries to the overall employment growth in China, the contribution rate of employment in the tertiary industry in 2000 was 105%, much higher than that in the primary industry (37%) and the secondary industry (-39%). In other words, the growth of employment in China in the past few years mainly depends on the development of the tertiary industry. After joining the WTO, as long as we adopt a positive policy, the economic growth of the tertiary industry will inevitably accelerate, the space for the development of the service industry will become larger and larger, and employment opportunities will greatly increase.

4. Strengthening education and training to improve the quality of workers is also a way to alleviate unemployment and promote employment. At present, the structural contradiction between supply and demand in China's labor market is very prominent. According to the statistics released by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, in the second quarter of 2002, there were only 1 post in the whole country, and the average demand was 1 post, even the demand for junior professional and technical posts was in short supply. In the eastern region, the demand for senior professional and technical positions is more than five times the supply. In addition, the demand for skilled workers has been rising in recent years. Therefore, education and training, as the main measures to alleviate structural unemployment, need to be strengthened urgently. As long as we pay attention to the pertinence, effectiveness and practicability of education and training, and closely combine education and training with employment needs, we will certainly receive good results.

In addition, we will continue to accelerate the process of urbanization and gradually shift the focus of solving the employment problem to farmers. At present, the level of urbanization in China is still relatively low, which not only shows that the employment structure in China is obviously backward, but also shows that there is still a lot of room for the development and employment of towns in China. Therefore, gradually shifting the focus of employment work to the orderly flow of farmers to non-agricultural industries and cities and towns will help straighten out this structure and promote social and economic development.

Case discussion on intransitive verbs;

1. What do you think of the urban unemployment rate in China? Why is the employment problem not only a major economic issue, but also a major political issue?

2. Are there any laid-off or unemployed people in your family and around you? What kind of mentality are they? What do you think of unemployment and being laid off? Do you have any countermeasures to alleviate unemployment in China?

Case 2:

First, the name of the case: Haier is "How to make the stone float"

Second, case application: The second section of this chapter is about the theory of capital circulation and turnover.

Third, the source of the case: Haier Reengineering, Economic Daily, July 23, 2002, Xie, etc.

Fourth, the case content:

Haier implemented the "Business Process Reengineering" project on 1998.

At a training meeting for senior managers on business process reengineering, Zhang Ruimin, CEO of Haier Group, looked at the middle-level cadres under the podium with bright eyes and raised a question similar to a brain teaser.

"How can a stone float on the water?"

"Empty the stone," someone shouted, and Zhang Ruimin shook his head.

"Put the stone on the board," someone answered, and Zhang Ruimin shook his head again.

"Make a fake stone", the answer drew laughter, but Zhang Ruimin shook his head: "The stone is real".

"Speed" Yu Zida, vice president of Haier Group trainee, replied.

"Correct" Zhang Ruimin said with a smile: "The Art of War" says: "As for the stone drifter, the situation is also". Speed determines whether a stone can float. In the Internet age, speed also determines whether enterprises can reach new heights! "

This detail vividly shows that Haier's "business process reengineering" is to solve the problem of circulation and turnover speed of enterprises.

Haier's "business process reengineering" mainly starts from two important links of capital circulation: procurement and sales. Haier's procurement and distribution used to be purchased by various business divisions, but now it has established a logistics headquarters and implemented unified procurement by the group. This reform has achieved remarkable results. One is to reduce the group's external procurement cost, reaching 500 million yuan in 1999, and1000 million yuan in 2006 on the basis of 1999. Secondly, the optimal procurement has brought about the overall improvement of parts quality. The third is the reduction of inventory, in which the storage area of parts warehouse has decreased by 320,000 square meters. At present, in the logistics center of Haier Development Zone, the raw material inventory is only within 7 days, and the finished products are delivered to 42 distribution centers all over the country in 24 hours, which reduces the sluggish materials by 90%, and the turnover days of raw material inventory funds are reduced from more than 30 days to less than 10 days. In the past, Haier's sales were fragmented in the market, resulting in a waste of resources. Now, with the integration of business processes, the national sales staff has decreased by 30%, and the national marketing network has increased to more than 2,000. This reform can reduce marketing costs, achieve zero distance with users and quickly reflect customer needs. Haier can complete the whole process from purchasing, manufacturing to distribution within 10 days after receiving the customer's order, while it takes 36 days for ordinary enterprises to complete this process.

Through the reform, cash spot has been realized between Haier and merchants, with faster capital turnover and less non-performing assets. At present, domestic accounts receivable are almost zero, and the turnover rate of the Group's current assets is 65,438+65,438+08 days in 099 and 5438+0 days in 79 days in 2006. The annual capital throughput is as high as 1000 billion yuan, and the average daily settlement is 300 million yuan.

Case study of verb (abbreviation of verb);

First of all, the central issue of enterprise capital turnover is speed. The faster the enterprise's capital turnover, the more value added. The essence of accelerating enterprise capital turnover is to improve the efficiency of capital use. Suppose that the output value of fixed assets per 100 yuan in China can be increased by 1%, and the same fixed assets can produce nearly10 billion more goods. Every 100 yuan of output value can save liquidity 1%, and the production of goods with the same output value can save more than 4 billion yuan a year. Accelerate the turnover of funds, especially the turnover of working capital. If China's 3 trillion industrial liquidity can be accelerated, it can be equivalent to 10 trillion, or even hundreds of trillions. In this way, the economic scale and efficiency will be improved many times without increasing too much investment.

Secondly, under the condition of market economy, every enterprise should constantly invest its capital in its business activities, produce by purchasing production factors, then sell its products, and finally recover its funds and make profits. In modern society, the production of products is an easy thing for enterprises, and it is also relatively standardized, and the most competitive link is the two stages of purchase and sale experienced by capital circulation. Among them, the sales stage of commodities is the most important stage, which is related to whether commodities can be converted into monetary capital. Marx believes that whether capital can survive the sales stage is a "thrilling leap" and it is related to the fate of enterprises. Of course, the speed of commodity sales also affects the existence and development of an enterprise to varying degrees, because it is not only related to the end of a capital cycle, but also to the beginning of the next capital cycle. Therefore, modern enterprises attach great importance to these two stages of capital cycle.

Thirdly, in modern society, with the rise and rapid development of the Internet, the speed of capital circulation is becoming more and more important to enterprises. For example, the current Internet has enabled people to cross time and space. For example, with the emergence of e-commerce, a customer only needs to fill in a list online and click it, and goods and services can be delivered to the door, which greatly shortens the circulation time and embodies the characteristics of high speed, high efficiency and low cost of the Internet economy. In this era, large international multinational companies are transforming from pure manufacturing to service industry, and General Electric, the world's top 500 companies, bears the brunt. In this new wave of enterprise management, Haier feels how to transform enterprises, speed up and keep up with the pace of the network era. It can be seen that Haier's move not only conforms to the trend of the times, but also conforms to the law of economic development.

Fourth, in modern society, enterprises can take the process of purchasing, production and sales (which can be regarded as a process), and the goal of reform is to shorten the residence time of capital in order to speed up capital circulation. Haier is "business process reengineering", which is the reform. The so-called "business process reengineering" (BPR) was put forward by the United States in 1990, which is to fundamentally rethink and completely redesign the business processes of enterprises, so that enterprises can greatly improve their cost, quality, service and speed. Haier's "business process reengineering", Haier's reform is to change the pyramid organizational structure of enterprises in the past and establish a business process centered on order information flow to drive logistics, capital flow and market chain. It is to reform the process from the overall management of the enterprise, and finally accelerate the overall cycle and turnover speed of the enterprise and improve the economic benefits of the enterprise. This is more effective than simply reforming a process.

Case discussion on intransitive verbs

1. Why is speed so important to an enterprise?

2. In modern society, enterprises pay more attention to the link of capital circulation? Why?