Zhigongtang is located in the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province. It has a deep relationship with Lanzhou University and is the earliest library of Lanzhou University. Zhigongtang was founded in 1875, and its plaque "Zhigongtang" was inscribed by Zuo himself. The couplets on both sides of the lintel were also written by Zuo and still exist today.
Gansu's administration was subordinate to Shaanxi from the Ming Dynasty, and it was not until the second year of Kangxi, that is, 1663, that it was separated from Shaanxi and became an independent province. From the Ming Dynasty to the time when Zuo was the Governor of Shaanxi and Gansu (Zuo 1866 was the Governor of Shaanxi and Gansu), Gansu did not have its own imperial examination place.
The examination rooms of Shaanxi-Gansu imperial examinations are all in Shaanxi. Gansu students must go to the relevant test sites in Shaanxi, which is more than 1000 kilometers away. Before Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty, there was a war in the northwest, and Gansu did not take the imperial examination system for ten years in a row, which undoubtedly buried many Gansu talents and restricted the development of Gansu's cultural and educational undertakings.
Many scholars in Gansu, Qinghai and Ningxia were unable to report their losses. During the Tongzhi period (1862- 1874), Zuo, then governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, saw this situation and immediately wrote to the Qing court, requesting the establishment of Hiram's Hospital in Lanzhou. With the approval of the imperial court, it was completed in the first year of Guangxu (1875), and its address was in the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University.
From the Sui Dynasty, the imperial examination system was fully implemented in the Tang Dynasty, and it was not abolished in subsequent dynasties. The imperial examination system became more and more perfect in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and it was not until the 28th year of Guangxu (1902) that the imperial examination system was stopped. This kind of imperial examination mainly includes three levels: academy examination, provincial examination and general examination. The second level is the provincial examination, which is held every three years. The exam period is generally in autumn, and the hometown exam is also called "Autumn Wei".
The examination place is always in the provincial capital, and those who succeed in the provincial examination are called "juren". Therefore, the examination place after the provincial examination is called Juyuan, which is the place where students, Guo Jianzi, Yin Sheng and other scholars take the provincial examination and get a juror.
During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, Gansu and Shaanxi joined forces, and all the Jinshi from the two provinces went to imperial academy, Shaanxi, xi 'an to take part in the provincial examinations. Because at that time, Gansu Province governed Ningxia, Hehuang area in Qinghai, Urumqi and Hami area in Xinjiang and Gansu Province, because of its vast territory and long distance, the transportation was very inconvenient and the examination fee was high. Most of the scholars were poor and could not afford the travel expenses.
Only in this way can Gansu be qualified to take the provincial examination. Only 1 1/2 people can afford to take the provincial examination in Xi 'an. Although the vast majority of scholars in Gansu are poor in classics and well-read in poetry, they always fail to pass the provincial examination and can only die in the countryside with regret. This situation is extremely unfair to Gansu scholars, which not only restricts their opportunities to enter official positions through scientific research, but also seriously affects the implementation of the Qing court's political strategy of recruiting talents in Gansu.
Seeing this situation, Zuo, as the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu at that time, requested the approval of the Qing court for the provincial examination in Gansu and the performance in Shaanxi. In the first year of Guangxu (1875), Teng Xuan, director of the Ministry of Punishment, and Cao Jiong, director of Daotai, raised more than 565,438+102,000 silver from all over the province to build Gansu Academy in Haijiatan (now the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University) in the northwest corner of Lanzhou.
After the completion of Gong Yuan, Gansu, the first rural examination in Gansu was held in August of that year. More than 3,000 people took the rural examination, several times more than those who went to Shaanxi to take the rural examination in the past. Zuo not only invited the examiners of the Jane School, but also visited the Hiram's Hospital as the governor of Shaanxi but Gansu, and sat in the invigilation. Qin 'an examinee An Wei Jun won the first place in the provincial examination.
Later, in the 11th year of Guangxu (1885), Tan, then the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, built the imperial academy in Gansu, which brought greater convenience to the Jinshi in Gansu at that time to take the provincial examinations.
Gong Yuan, Gansu Province covers an area of 65,438+040 feet vertically and 90 feet horizontally. The city wall is built outside and the spine is built inside. The spine of the book is the examination room, with the "Supreme Court" in the middle, the Mingyuan Building in front of the hall, and the north and south examination rooms around the building. The gate of the courtyard is in the west of the city, and the lintel reads "Seeking for the country".
Zhigong inheritance
Tracing back to the source, Lanzhou University, the earliest institution of higher learning established in Northwest China, was precisely the Gansu Law and Politics School established by/kloc-0 in 909. In the second year of Guangxu (1902), the Qing government promulgated the Constitution of imperial academy and the Constitution of imperial academy in 1903, which divided school education into three sections and seven grades. These three stages are primary school, middle school and university, which constitute the skeleton of China's modern education system.
1906 in may, the Qing government ordered all provinces to open provincial schools of law and politics. The Governor of Shaanxi and Gansu issued an order to change the Gansu Law and Politics Museum into a Law and Politics School.
1909 July, the school enrolled the first batch of students, and the first university in Gansu history was born. Cai Yuanpei, the first director of education in the Republic of China, appointed Cai Dayu as the principal on 19 13.
19 13, Law and Politics School was changed to Gansu Public Law and Politics College, and Zhigongtang and Guanchengtang were converted into classrooms.
19 13 In September, there were more than a thousand candidates. The school clearly stipulated that candidates "don't smoke opium, but have cut their hair and braids". In the first phase, 98 students registered for other subjects, and 104 students registered for preparatory courses. Gansu University of Political Science and Law lasted 14 years. During this period, the political and military situation in Gansu changed closely with the national situation, and the movement to protect the law in Gansu, with Cai Dayu and others as the backbone, was vigorous.
From 65438 to 0927, Gansu Law and Politics College gradually evolved into Lanzhou Sun Yat-sen University. Xuan Tongyuan was a national law student12,282, ranking first in all subjects. At that time, higher education in China was dominated by law.
According to Gansu Chronicle, in March of Xuantong's second year, Gansu advised the factory to close down because of business depression. In August, Gansu took the first judge exam and admitted 40 people. 10, Gansu established the local autonomy preparatory office, 12, cut off Gansu road, changed it to advise business road, and added patrol roads.
At that time, there were only 788,522 households in Gansu Province, with 4299.90 1 1 10,000 people, with an average of 5.4 1 person, and the male-female ratio was100:16. At that time, the Qing government had just promulgated the imperial edict of "preparing for constitutionalism and reforming the law to strengthen the country", and was in urgent need of a large number of new legal and political talents, so many legal and political schools were opened in the capital and provinces.
After the Republic of China, various law schools were merged into related universities. Therefore, we say that the Gansu Institute of Public Law is the first real university in Gansu and even in the northwest.
1908 Agriculture and Forestry School and Mineral School founded by Peng Yingjia, general manager of Gansu General Administration of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce; Senior patrol school founded by Chang Geng, governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, on 19 10; 19 13, Cai Dayu reorganized the Law and Politics School and established Gansu Qianmi Law and Politics College; 19 14 Zhang Guangjian rebuilt his "Viscount House".
1927, Liu Yufen, acting chairman of Gansu provincial government, was ordered by Feng Yuxiang to establish a university in Gansu. The provincial government decided to establish a university on the basis of "Gansu College of Politics and Law", and "Lanzhou Sun Yat-sen University" was established on 1928. 1944, "Lanzhou Sun Yat-sen University" was changed to "National Gansu College". 1946, the Executive Yuan of the Kuomintang Central Government decided to establish the National Lanzhou University, and all the foundations in Cuiyingmen were transferred.