2)。 Good at expressing characters by focusing on sharp conflict scenes. For example, The Hongmen Banquet reveals the different personalities of different characters through tense and complicated plot descriptions.
3)。 He is good at setting off the characters by rendering the atmosphere and enhancing the appeal of the story. When Xiang Yu was trapped under the cover and defeated, it was already a miserable situation. But the author also joined Xiang Yu's generous elegy, and "beauty and peace" made the anger more prosperous. This paper analyzes the Biography of Xiang Yu to understand how the Historical Records reproduces the image of Xiang Yu by writing people. Historical Records is an excellent historical masterpiece. In Biography of Xiang Yu, the author focuses on depicting the tragic hero image of Xiang Yu. There are four methods that can be adopted, as follows:
First, personalized character language.
As the saying goes, "words must be done", language is an important external expression of one's thoughts and feelings. People are different, just like there are no two identical leaves in the world, so everyone has his own unique expression and unique language style. Sima Qian, on the other hand, is particularly good at grasping the language characteristics of different characters, which are concise, full of sound and emotion, magnificent, elegant and quiet, vulgar and humble, loyal and honest, or flattering and treacherous, and can properly express the identity and psychology of characters, making people feel pale and meet people like people.
For example, the language of Xiang Yu, at the beginning of the article, introduced Xiang Yu as a teenager-"When Ji Xiang was young, he couldn't study, so he went; Learning the sword failed, and Xiang Liang was angry. Yue Ji: "Books are enough to register surnames. "The sword is an enemy, not enough to learn, but to learn from ten thousand enemies." As soon as Xiang Yu came to power, he spoke with dignity, which reflected his extraordinary ambition and ambition to achieve great things since he was a child. He is comparable to other generations, such as narrow-minded swordsman and scholar who pursues fame and fortune, which makes people sit up and take notice. "Qin Shihuang will take a trip to Zhejiang, and Liang will share the same view with his family. Yue Ji: "He can take this place. "This sentence shows that his heroic ambition is directed at the emperor, and his heroic spirit and courage can only be compared with his predecessor Chen Sheng's saying that princes will be at peace, and modern * * *' who is in charge of the ups and downs of the world',' pointing out the mountains and rivers, inspiring words, and treating thousands of households with manure'. In this case, even Han Xin, Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu and Sean. , is also a genius, said not to come out, because Han Xin and Guan Yu are willing to persevere in the autumn battlefield generals; Zhuge Liang and Sean are ministers who are willing to "do their best until they die", but they have no extraordinary ambition and ambition to unify the world.
Second, vivid details.
History books focus on major events and rarely describe them in detail. Sima Qian's Historical Records, on the basis of recording major events, can often describe and render the environment and atmosphere through many details, enhance the sense of historical realism, and portray people with vivid feelings.
There are many details about Xiang Yu's bravery, such as the Battle of Julu:
"Xiang Yu has killed the champion, a sublime Chu, famous governors. But when General Hepu died, 20,000 people crossed the river to save the giant deer. The war was not very profitable, so Chen Yu asked for more soldiers. Xiang Yu learned that when he led the troops to cross the river, they all sank, broke the kettle, burned the house, and took three rations to show that the foot soldiers would die, and no one returned. So he surrounded Wang Li, met him, fought nine battles, and killed Su Jiao and Li. If you don't surrender, you will burn yourself. At that time, Chu Bing was made a vassal. The vassal army saved more than ten walls from the giant deer and did not dare to fight. When the State of Chu attacked the State of Qin, all the generals were watching from the wall. Chu soldiers are all equal. When the Chu soldiers moved, the princes and armies were all afraid. So Qin Jun was broken, and Xiang Yu summoned governors and generals to enter Yuanmen. Without exception, he knelt down and dared not look up. Xiang Yu began as a vassal general, and all vassals belonged to Yan. "In this paragraph, Xiang Yu crossed the rubicon and bravely defeated Qin Jun under the condition of fear and cold look. Chu Bing cheered and thundered, and the close-up of" Dare not look up "highlighted the unparalleled power of Xiang Yu's swallowing mountains and rivers. He really felt immersive and generous! .
Third, contrast the description technique.
In characterization, the use of comparative depiction is not only a major feature of Historical Records, but also a major feature of this paper. There are many sharp contrasts in this article: 1, the contrast of personality. Such as the contrast between Xiang Yu and He, one went forward bravely and saved Zhao from attacking with one heart; A selfish, procrastinator. Compared with Fan Zeng, Xiang Yu hesitated at the Hongmen banquet, saved the woman's kindness and missed the opportunity; Fan Zeng is resolute, resourceful and outspoken. The contrast between Xiang Yu and Liu Bang, in the war, "Chu rode after Hanwang, Hanwang was anxious, pushed and drove, and Teng Gong often received it, so it was three. He said: "although it is urgent and irresistible, why abandon it!" "So I had to take it off." Liu Bang was afraid of dragging himself down to see the princess and pushed him out of the car. Xiang Yu was besieged at the gate, but he lamented what Yu Ji had done and crossed the Wujiang River in shame, but said to the pavilion director, "I know the elders. I rode this horse when I was five years old and I was invincible. I tried to travel thousands of miles every day, and I couldn't bear to kill it. I loved a horse and then committed suicide. Liu Bang was willing to submit to humiliation at an unfavorable time and humbly wooed Xiang Bo out of trouble; Xiang Yu was defeated, but he couldn't face the reality. He thought it was God's will, so he was ashamed to return to Jiangdong and didn't make a comeback. Liu bang took the initiative to deal with traitors who harmed himself without mercy; First attack Xianyang, take three chapters, and order that it is strictly forbidden to disturb the people; I am good at observing public opinion and buying people's hearts; Xiang Yu didn't ask the traitor; Later, I went to Xianyang and burned Epang Palace. Later, "Chu army attacked more than 200,000 Qin soldiers in the south of Xin 'an city at night" and lost the hearts of the people. Liu bang is good at wooing and buying talents with interests. As a result, Han Xin, Sean and Xiao He were all used by him, but Xiang Yu was not rewarded for meritorious service and could not use Fan Zeng. In sharp contrast with Liu Bang, it also highlights their personality differences. 2. Language contrast. For example, Yi Song's tone to soldiers is arrogant and conceited; Fan Kuai hongmen banquet savior impassioned; Liu bang was a rogue and cunning when his father was threatened; Xiang Yu wants to fight with Liu Bang. " Wang Xiang called Hanwang, saying, "All people of several years old in Hungary are willing to fight to the death with Hanwang without suffering the people and their descendants." Hanwang thanked him with a smile and said, "I would rather fight for wisdom than strength." "Seeing Xiang Yu's impatience, lack of planning and thoroughness, Liu Bang's self-confidence, conceit and scheming, etc. All these show different characters and different images well.
Fourth, well-organized structure.
As a history book, historical authenticity comes first, which can solve this problem for ordinary history book authors. However, for Sima Qian, his pursuit is not limited to this, because his creative philosophy is: "When studying heaven and man, we can learn from the changes of ancient and modern times and become a family statement", which is not only his purpose of compiling history, but also his pursuit and ambition of life ideal. He should not only write the history truthfully, but also fully reflect the human spirit, and create a historical philosophy that embodies his lofty ideals and serves the society, the country and the country, as well as the enterprising spirit of Confucianism, not just historiography.
Respect history and write people truly. For example, he likes Xiang Yu. He warmly praised Xiang Yu's heroic qualities of bravely resisting, fighting hard and being invincible, learning from ten thousand enemies and burning the boat. "So when you arrive, you will leave the king. When you meet Qin Jun, you will meet nine wars, and you will never enter the tunnel. Just break it, kill Su Jiao and leave the king. " If you don't surrender, you will burn yourself. At that time, Chu Bing was made a vassal. "What great courage and determination! However, this did not erase his shortcomings and mistakes. He was cruel, murderous, indecisive, resourceful, believed in force and ignored public opinion, and was vain and conceited, which eventually led to his tragedy and failure to wake up. Sima Qian gave a profound exposure and criticism. At the end of the article, he commented that "Chen She was the first to suffer, with many heroes and countless struggles. However, feathers have no size. In three years, the five princes were wiped out, the world was divided, the princes were blocked, and the government was blocked as "overlord". Although it didn't end, it hasn't appeared since recently! It is difficult for northern Henan to take care of Chu, exile the righteous emperor to stand on his own feet, and blame the princes for betraying themselves. Be proud of your merits and demerits, don't learn from the past, and strive for your own personal wisdom. Call it a matter of overlord, and want to rule the world by force. He died in Dongcheng after five years of national subjugation, but he didn't feel sleepy or blame himself. It is wrong to quote "God kills me, not the crime of using soldiers"! " Similarly, this attitude of "not empty beauty, not hiding evil" is not based on personal subjective likes and dislikes. Therefore, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, who caused him lifelong shame and injury, did not distort and belittle history; Li Guang, Su Wu, Qu Yuan, etc. People he likes, respects and even worships are highly praised, but he doesn't boast of his achievements. Respecting history and writing people truly are the basis of creating good history.
Second, an overview:
"Historical Records" comprehensively draws lessons from the style of various historical books of the previous generation, and creates a biographical style that combines literature and history and is people-oriented. The literary and artistic achievements of Historical Records are mainly reflected in the characterization. There are more than 4,000 people involved in Historical Records, many of whom have distinctive personalities and are deeply rooted in people's hearts. Biography of Xiang Yu is one of the most wonderful chapters in historical biographies. It describes Xiang Yu's life experience from youth to uprising, from uprising to the struggle between Chu and Han, until Wujiang committed suicide. Vividly shaped an all-round image of the overlord of the western Chu Dynasty. It vividly shows the author's praise, sympathy and sadness. This is a hero's ode and lament. In this article, the author creatively uses personalized character language, vivid details, careful structure and comparative description to describe historical figures, thus making Historical Records a "swan song of historians, without rhyme." It has profoundly influenced the development and progress of China's literature and history, and is worth inheriting, learning and carrying forward by future generations.
The Image of Xiang Yu in Historical Records First of all, Sima Qian did not talk about heroes by success or failure, but still chose biographical narration.
But based on the influence of the times, he still had to add more or less derogatory factors, and because of his own reasons, there are also personal emotional factors.
However, the facts have basically not been tampered with, and it can be regarded as "not empty beauty, not hiding evil."
Is Xiang Yu's tragic image in Historical Records tragic? That loser is not a tragedy! Compared with those failed heroes who are lost in the long river of history, Xiang Yu, who has Sima Qian as a fan, is lucky to be sung as a loser through the ages.
On the charm of artistic image from the difference between artistic image and life image: artistic image itself has the characteristics of attracting people's attention, which makes it different from ordinary people.
The image of life lies in simple and unobtrusive clothes, which belong to the public category.
The artistic image lies in bringing an indefinable but profound sense of image to ordinary people.
Artistic image and life image have their own characteristics.
After all, artistic image is not eternal, it is a popular world.
The difference between article image and artistic image! The image of the article mainly refers to the image of the characters in the article, including the image of social environment and natural scenery. People often say that articles are full of images, mainly in narrative articles (including essays, stories and short stories). The image is full or the portrait, psychology, language and movements of the characters are relatively complete, and the characters are full and vivid; Or the narrative is concrete and complete, and the plot is tortuous; Still detailed and realistic, a little face. In this way, people will have flesh and blood, personality characteristics, complex thoughts and feelings, and a rich spiritual world; Objects will be lifelike, layered, three-dimensional and rich in connotation.
The scope of artistic image is wider. Artistic image is a special way for art to reflect social life, and it is an artistic achievement created by the subject through the mutual blending of aesthetic subject and aesthetic object. Although artistic images can be divided into visual images, auditory images, literary images and comprehensive images, their basic characteristics are the same. As the basic form of art reflecting life, artistic image is the core of artistic works.
The image of the article, a person, a thing and a scene can be an image. Holography is mainly for the characters, so that the characters can stand up from the paper, be flesh and blood, and be lifelike, so that readers can treat the characters in the text as real people, thus causing the readers to distinguish between fantasy, fantasy and love and hate. This requires us to describe the characters' personality characteristics, express their complex thoughts and feelings and rich spiritual world, write the complexity of the characters and vividly express the characters in the works.
Artistic image, in artistic works, artistic language is to shape artistic image, and artistic image also contains artistic implication. In this sense, there is no work of art without artistic image. The artistic image has both concrete and sensible images and generality, which summarizes a wide range of life contents. The artistic image is emotional and ideological, and the artist's feelings of love and hate, sadness and joy are integrated into the artistic image, which permeates the author's thinking and evaluation of life everywhere. The artistic image also has aesthetic significance, which embodies the artist's aesthetic ideal and taste, shines with the brilliance of artistic creation, and can give viewers beautiful enjoyment.
Then, personally, the image of the article is only a description of the people and things in the article. Artistic images can be sculpture images, literary images, dramatic images and so on.
:bolaa。 /blog _ He Ju/jiaoyboke/11373796226sn.
:baike.baidu./view/407877.htm
An analysis of the images of Xiang Yu and Liu Bang in Historical Records of Xiang Yu and Gao Zu: Ji Xiang is a junior with feathers. He was 24 years old when the uprising began. Ji Xiang's uncle's name is Xiang Liang, and Xiang Liang's father's name is Xiang Yan. He was a general of Chu who was killed by Wang Jian, a general of Qin. Xiang's family was General Chu, and he was sealed in Xiang's land, so his surname was Xiang.
When Ji Xiang was a child, he learned to write and read, but he stopped studying without academic achievements. He learned fencing again, but he didn't succeed. Xiang Liang was very angry with him. Ji Xiang said: "Writing can be used to remember names; Fencing can only deal with one person, and it is not worth learning. I want to learn the ability to beat 10 thousand people. " So Xiang Liang taught Ji Xiang the art of war. Ji Xiang was very happy, but he only knew a little about Sun Tzu's Art of War and refused to study it to the end. Xiang Liang was once arrested and imprisoned by Yuyang County of Quercus (yuè, Yue) for his involvement in crimes. He asked Cao Qian, a prisoner in Qixian County (yuàn, Wish), to write a love letter to Sima Xin, a prisoner in Oak Forest, and it was settled. Later, Xiang Liang killed another man. In order to avoid the enemy, he fled to Wuzhong County with Ji Xiang. Wu is not as talented as Xiang Liang. Whenever there is a large-scale corvee or funeral in Wuzhong County, Xiang Liang often acts as an organizer, secretly using the art of war to arrange and organize guests and young people to understand their talents. When Qin Shihuang visited Huiji County and crossed Zhejiang, Xiang Liang and Ji Xiang went to see it together. Ji Xiang said, "That man, I can take his place!" Xiang Liang quickly covered his mouth and said, "Don't talk nonsense, you've copied it all over the door!" But Xiang Liang thought Ji Xiang was unusual. Ji Xiang is over eight feet tall, powerful and talented. Even the local young people in Wuzhong are afraid of him.
In July of the first year of Qin Ershi (209 BC), Chen She and others revolted in Daze Township. In September of that year, the seal keeper in Huiji County said to Xiang Liang, "The western part of the great river has rebelled, and this is also the time when the Qin Dynasty will be destroyed. It is said that one step ahead can control others, and one step behind will be controlled. I'm going to attack the state of Qin and let you and Huan Chu lead the troops. " At that time, Huan Chu was fleeing in the grass. Xiang Liang said: "Huan Chu is at large, and others don't know his whereabouts, only Ji Xiang knows." So Xiang Liang went out and told Xiang Yu to wait outside with a knife. Then he came in and sat down with Yin Tong, the county magistrate, and said, "Please let me call Ji Xiang in and ask him to call Huan Chu." The sheriff said, "All right!" Xiang Liang called Ji Xiang in. After a while, Xiang Liang winked at Jixiang and said, "It's time to act!" So Ji Xiang drew his sword and beheaded the leader. Xiang Liang carried the head of the leader in his hand and hung the official seal of the leader. The leader's men were very frightened and fell into chaos. Ji Xiang killed one hundred people in a row. The whole county government was so scared that no one dared to get up. Xiang Liang summoned familiar strongmen and officials to explain to them that the uprising was anti-Qin, so he launched the Wu Zhongzhi uprising. Xiang Liang sent people to receive Wuzhong County's subordinate counties, and * * * got 8,000 chosen men. Heroes were deployed in the county, and Hou and Sima were appointed as a captain respectively. One of them was not appointed and came to Xiang Liang to complain. Xiang Liang said, "A few days ago, a family held a funeral. I asked you to do one thing, and you didn't succeed, so you can't be appointed. " Everyone has great respect. Therefore, Xiang Liang took Ji Xiang as the lieutenant, guarding Huiji County and touring the counties.
At this time, Guangling people asked Ping to patrol in order to occupy Guangling, but Guangling people did not surrender. Zhao Ping heard that Chen was defeated and retreated, and that Chi was coming soon, so he crossed the river on the pretext of Chen's command and worshipped Xiang Liang as the pillar of the king of Chu. Zhao Ping said, "The land of Jiangdong has been decided, so we can lead troops to attack Qin in the west." Xiang Liang led 8,000 people across the river to the west. Xiang Liang heard that Chen Ying had occupied Dongyang, so he sent an envoy to Dongyang, hoping to join hands with Chen Ying to move westward. Chen Ying, a former commander of Dongyang County, has always been honest and prudent in the county, and people all praise him as a loyal and honest person. Young people in Dongyang killed the county magistrate and gathered thousands of people. They wanted to elect a leader, but they didn't find a suitable candidate, so they came to invite Chen Ying. Chen ying refused, saying that she was incompetent, so they forced Chen ying to be the leader, and there were 20 thousand people in the county to follow. Those young people just want to make Chen Ying king. In order to distinguish themselves from other armies, they wrapped their heads in green towels to show that they were a new rebel. Chen Ying's mother said to Chen Ying, "Since I became the daughter-in-law of your Chen family, I have never heard that your Chen family has dignitaries. Now that you suddenly have such a big reputation, I'm afraid it's not a good omen. In my opinion, it is best to belong to whom. If you succeed, you can be sealed. If you fail, you will easily escape, because then you will not be the one who has attracted the attention of the world. " Chen Ying listened to her mother's words and dared not be king. He said to the generals, "Xiang is a generation of famous soldiers and a famous Chu family." Now, if we want the uprising to be a great event, we must become a family member. We rely on famous families, and the demise of the Qin Dynasty is certain. "So the army listened to him and turned the army into Xiang Liang's. Xiang Liang crossed the Huaihe River and moved northward. General and Pu also led the troops to Xiang Liang. In this way, Xiang Liang * * * with 670000 people, stationed in the next pi (p: and, batch).
At that time, Qin Jia had made Ju Jing king of Chu, stationed in the east of Pengcheng, trying to stop Xiang Liang from moving westward. Xiang Liang said to his men, "Wang Chen started the fight first, but the battle didn't go well. I have no idea where he is now. Today, Qin Jia betrayed King Chen and made Ju Jing King of Chu, which is a big violation. " So he marched on Qin Jia. Qin Jiabing fled in defeat, and Xiang Liang led the troops to pursue Hu Ling. Qin Jia turned to Xiang Liang and fought all day. Qin Jia died and the troops surrendered. Ju Jing fled to Emperor Liang and died there. Xiang Liang received Qin Jia's army, stationed in Hu Ling, ready to lead the army to the western expedition of Qin. Zhang Han, commander-in-chief of the Qin Dynasty, led the army to Lixian County, and Xiang Liang sent Zhu Jishi and the feather fan army to fight. As a result, Yu Fanjun died in battle, Zhu Jishi was defeated and fled back to Hu Ling. Xiang Liang then led the troops into Xue County and killed Zhu Jishi. Before that, Xiang Liang sent Xiang Yu to attack Xiangcheng, but Xiangcheng refused to surrender. Ji Xiang captured Xiangcheng, buried all the soldiers and civilians there alive, and then came back to report to Xiang Liang. Xiang Liang heard that he was really dead, so he called a party in Xue County to discuss important matters in the future. At this time, Pei Gong also opposed him in Pei County, and * * * went to Xue County to attend the party.
Fan Zeng, a 70-year-old Cao resident, has been an official at home and likes to ponder strange plans. He came to lobby Xiang Liang and said, "Chen Sheng should have failed. Qin destroyed six countries, and Chu was the most innocent. Since he was cheated into Qin and didn't return, the Chu people still sympathized with him; So Chu Nangong said,' Even if there are only three families left in Chu, it must be Chu who perished in Qin'. The present uprising in Chen Sheng is not to establish the descendants of Chu people, but to stand on one's own feet and become king, which will certainly not last long. Now that you are fighting in Jiangdong, so many Chu soldiers are flying around like bees, vying to join you. It is precisely because Xiang has been a general of Chu for generations that he was able to re-establish the descendants of Chu as kings. " Xiang Liang felt that Fan Zeng's words made sense, so he went to the people to find Xiong Xin, the grandson of Chu Huaiwang, while Xiong Xin was herding sheep. After Xiang Liang found him, in order to comply with the wishes of the Chu people, he imitated his grandfather's nickname and named him Chu Huaiwang. Chen Ying, a pillar country of Chu, gave him five counties to help Huai Jiandu find Taiwan (x ū y, Xu Yi). Xiang Liang's name is Wu Xinjun.
A few months later, Xiang Liang led his troops to attack (gāngfǔ incarnation, now), and took the troops of Qi Jiang and Tsukasa Tsuyoshi Che (jū, Ju) to save Dong, where he defeated Qin Jun .. Tian Rong immediately led his troops back to Qi, driving away the holiday of Qi Wang. Fake escape to Chu. The fake cloak fled to Zhao. Tian Tian, Tianjiao's younger brother, turned out to be a general of Qi. He stayed in Zhao, afraid to return to Qi. Tian Rong named Shi Tian, the son of Tian Yan, King of Qi. After Xiang Liang captured Qin Jun near Dong 'e, he pursued the defeated Qin army. He sent messengers many times to urge Qi to send troops, hoping to join hands with Qi in the Western Expedition. Tian Rong said, "Chu killed Tian Jia, Zhao killed Tianjiaohe, and then I sent troops." Xiang Liang said, "Tian is the king of our alliance. I have no choice but to follow me. I can't bear to kill him. " Zhao refused to kill Tianjiao and came to the field to make a deal with Qi. Qi always refused to send troops to help the Chu army. Xiang Liang sent Pei Gong and Xiang Yu to attack Yang and massacre the city. West to Puyang, defeated, Qin cleaned up the defeated troops and retreated to Puyang. Pei Gong and Xiang Yu went to play Dingtao. Dingtao was not laid, but he left Dingtao and marched westward, occupying the cities along the way to Qiu Yong, defeating Qin Jun and killing Li You. Then he turned and attacked Waihuang, but I didn't answer.
Xiang Liang set out from Dong 'e to the west, and when he arrived in Dingtao, he had defeated Qin Jun twice, and Xiang Yu killed Li You again, so he looked down on Qin Jun even more and gradually showed his pride. Yi Song warned Xiang Liang, "If you win a battle, the generals will be proud and the soldiers will be lazy. Such an army is bound to fail. Now the foot soldiers are a little lazy, and Qin Jun is increasing day by day. I am worried about you! " Xiang Liang didn't listen, but sent Yi Song to see Qi. On the way, Yi Song met Gao Xian, an envoy of the State of Qi. He asked, "Are you going to see him?" The answer is: "Yes." Yi Song said: "In my opinion, Wu Xinjun's army is doomed to failure. If you walk slowly, you can avoid death. If you walk fast, you will catch up with the disaster. " As expected, the Qin Dynasty mobilized all the troops to reinforce Zhang Han and attack the Chu army. Ding Tao, the Chu army was defeated, and Xiang Liang died. Pei Gong and Xiang Yu left Waihuang to attack Liu Chen, but Liu Chen insisted on not attacking. Pei Gong and Xiang Yu discussed together and said, "Now Xiang Liang's army has been defeated, and the foot soldiers are very afraid." Retreat eastward with Lv Chen's army. Lv Chen's army was stationed in the east of Pengcheng, Xiang Yu's army was stationed in the west of Pengcheng, and Pei Gong's army was stationed in Dangxian.
After defeating Xiang Liang's army, Zhang Han thought that Chu's army was not worth worrying about, so he crossed the Yellow River to attack Zhao and defeated Zhao. At that time, Zhao Xie was the king and Chen Yu was the general. Zhang Er, as a country, escaped into Dalucheng. Zhang Han ordered the king to leave and surround the stag. His army was stationed in the south of Julu and built a tunnel with walls on both sides to transport food and grass to them. As a general of Zhao, he led tens of thousands of foot soldiers stationed in the north of Julu. This is the so-called Hebei army.
After the defeat of Dingtao, the Chu army was afraid of the king of Chu, and went from Xu Tai to Pengcheng to merge the armies of Xiang Yu and Lv Chen and take command in person. Lv Chen was appointed Si Tuleideng, and Lv Chen's father Lv Qing was appointed Lingyin. Pei Gong was the prefect of the county, and Hou Wu 'an was our time.
It turned out that Gao, an envoy of the State of Qi, who met on the road, was in the Chu army. He asked to see the King of Chu and said, "Yi Song had guessed that Wu Xinjun's army would fail, and a few days later, it was defeated. When the army is not fighting, it can see the signs of failure in advance, which can be called fighting. " Chu Huaiwang summoned Yi Song to discuss military affairs with him and appreciated him very much, so he was appointed as a general. Xiang Yu was the second general, Duke Lu, and Fan Zeng was the last general to save Zhao. All the other generals belonged to Yi Song, the so-called champion of Qing Zi. The troops arrived in Anyang and stayed for 46 days without moving forward. Xiang Yu said, "I heard that Qin Jun surrounded the King of Zhao in Dalucheng. We should lead the troops across the Yellow River as soon as possible. The Chu army attacked from outside, and the Zhao army met inside. Qin Jun will definitely be defeated. " Yi Song said, "I don't think so. A gadfly that can bite a big cow can't hurt a small clam. Now that Qin has defeated Zhao, the foot soldiers will be tired; We can take advantage of their fatigue; If you can't win, you will lead the troops to beat drums and March westward, and you will certainly annihilate Qin Jun, so it is better to let Qin and Zhao Xian fight. I can't compare with you, Yi Song, if we fight bravely at the front with strong armor and sharp soldiers. If you sit in the military account and make strategic decisions, you can't compare with Yi Song. " So he ordered the whole army: "Anyone who is fierce as a tiger, rebellious as a sheep, greedy as a wolf and stubborn will be killed." He also sent his son, Song Xiang, to Qi as prime minister, personally delivered it to Wuyan, prepared a banquet, and invited guests to a meeting. At that time, it was freezing, it rained cats and dogs, and the soldiers were hungry and cold. Xiang Yu said to the soldiers, "We all wanted Qi Xin to attack Qin Jun together, but he delayed for a long time. Now it is catching up with the famine, the people are poor, the soldiers eat taro mixed with beans, and the army has no food. When Liu Bei said that he did not lead troops across the river to get Zhao's grain, he joined forces with Zhao to attack Qin, saying, "Take advantage of fatigue. "With the strength of Qin State to attack the newly established Zhao State, the situation must be that Qin State wants to capture Zhao State. When Zhao is captured, Qin will become stronger. At this time, what else can we talk about using the fatigue of Qin? Besides, our army has just lost the battle, and Chu Huaiwang is restless. All the ranks in China are handed over to the general, and national security is at stake. But the general did not sympathize with the soldiers, but sent his son to Qi for personal gain. This time, he is not a really benign minister. " Xiang Yu went to see the general in the morning and beheaded him in the army. He came out and issued an order saying, "Heqi plotted against Chu, and the king of Chu ordered me to put him to death." At this time, the generals were all afraid of Xiang Yu, and no one dared to resist. They all said, "The first person who helped Chu stand up was a general's family. Now it is the general who has wiped out the traitors. " So everyone asked Xiang Yu to be the general's agent. Xiang Yu sent someone to chase Yi Song's son, chased him to the territory of Qi, and killed him. Xiang Yu sent Huan Chu to report to Wang Huai. No choice but to make Xiang Yu a general, and both Dangyang Army and General Pu belong to Xiang Yu.
The literal artistic image describing the artistic image is a special way for art to reflect social life, and it is an artistic achievement created by the subject through the mutual blending of aesthetic subject and aesthetic object. Although artistic images can be divided into visual images, auditory images, literary images and comprehensive images, their basic characteristics are the same. As the basic form of art reflecting life, artistic image is the core of artistic works. Artistic image includes three aspects: artistic image is the unity of objectivity and subjectivity, artistic image is the unity of content and form, and artistic image is the unity of individuality and individuality. Subjective and objective adjectives are; Concrete and emotional, taking Mona Lisa's smile as an example, vivid and unfathomable. A mysterious smile. In other words, we can use some words to describe people's feelings to decorate the appearance of art.
The unity of content and form of art means that it cannot be separated in evaluation, for example, form vividly reflects profound ideological content. Describe the spirit in form, vivid charm, profound ideological connotation and perfect art form. Amazing touching charm and such a simple and concise artistic technique show the writer's inner spiritual temperament.
Artistic image is the unity of individuality and * * *. Throughout the vast works of art in Chinese and foreign art treasures, all successful artistic images have distinct and unique personalities and rich artistic commonalities. It is precisely because of the unity of individuality and * * * that these artistic images have immortal artistic vitality. For example, Ah Q's artistic image not only has a distinct personality-spiritual victory method, but also has the national weakness of that era. Adjectives are distinctive, profound, homosexual, universal and social common.
In fact, the image of art is only one of the characteristics of art. To evaluate a work of art, we should not only start with its image, but also consider its subjectivity and aesthetics, especially aesthetics. The so-called works of art have aesthetic value, and it is precisely because they are the crystallization of truth, goodness and beauty that they are valued and appreciated by the world.
Artistic Features of Language and Dialogue Description in Zuo Zhuan
Events set off the environment.