Open classification: people, Jiangsu, novels, writers, Water Margin.
(1296 ~ 137 1 year)
Zi Ming 'an (Ming 'er), also known as Zhao Rui, is called Yan Duan and Naian.
Native place: Xinghua, Jiangsu. Originally from Hailing County, Taizhou, he lived in Shijia Lane outside Nagato, Suzhou, and then moved to Baijuchang, Xinghua County (now Baiju Town, Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province).
Identity: China, a famous ancient writer, was born at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, and the author of the novel Water Margin.
Life:
There are few materials about Shi Naian's life story, and some records collected are quite contradictory. Since the 1920s, some related materials have been found in Xinghua, Dafeng and other places in Jiangsu Province, such as Shi's genealogy and Shi's genealogy. In addition, supplement 13 of Xinghua County Records contains 65,438+0 biographies of Shi Naian, and supplement 14 contains 65,440 epitaphs of Shi Naian written by Wang Daosheng in the early Ming Dynasty.
According to the analysis of these materials:
Shi Naian is a descendant of Shi Zhi, one of the seventy-two sons of Confucius. The descendants of Shi Zhi in the late Tang Dynasty took Suzhou as their home. His father's name is Yuan De and his mother is Bian Shi (Bian Shi's descendants also moved to Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province).
Shi Naian is smart, studious, talented, filial and brave.
19 years old is a scholar, 28 years old is a juren, and 36 years old is a scholar with Liu Bowen.
He served as an official in Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) for three years. Because he was dissatisfied with the darkness of officialdom, he didn't want to meet dignitaries, gave up his official position and returned to his hometown. When Zhang Shicheng rose up against Yuan, Shi Naian took part in his military activities. After Zhang occupied the Soviet Union, he participated in the planning under his protection and was closely related to his Ministry. Later Shi Naian, Lu Yuan, Liu Liang, Chen Ji, etc. Disappointed, they left one after another because Zhang was greedy for pleasure and lacked advice. When he left Lu and Liu, he made a divertimento "New Water Farewell to Qiu Jiang" to express his generous grief. Soon, Zhang Shicheng died and the country was ruined. Stone travels all over the world, roaming in Shandong and Henan. He befriended her, was taught by Yuncheng County, and then lived with her teacher in the early days of the Xu family in Jiangyin. Later, he returned to his old white pony, unable to live in seclusion, and felt that the situation was going downhill. He wrote The Water Margin as his sustenance, and together with his disciple Luo Guanzhong, he wrote The Romance of the Three Kingdoms and The Biography of Sansui Pingyao. He is also good at poetry, but it is rarely circulated. Besides the divertimento Qiu Jiang Farewell, there are other poems handed down, such as Gu Ti's poems and Liu Liang's poems. Shi Naian hid in Huai 'an to avoid the Ming Dynasty conscription, died of illness and was buried on the spot at the age of 75. Decades after Shi Naian's death, Sun Wenyu's family business flourished, and his ancestor Naian was buried in Baiju West Lake (now Shijiaqiao Village, Xinduo Town, Xinghua City, Jiangsu Province), and Wang Daosheng was asked to write an epitaph.
In the 19th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1540), Gao Ru's "Hundred Rivers Record" contained: "Loyalty and Righteousness Water Margin 100 Volume. Qiantangben Edited by Luo Guanzhong. " In the forty-five years of Jiajing, Lang Ying said in the Seven Drafts: "This book is Shi Naian Qiantang Book. During the Wanli period, Hu Yinglin pointed out in "Shao's Mountain House Pen Collection": "The Water Margin compiled by Zhongshi in Wulin is particularly popular. "Today, people agree that Shi Naian is the author of Water Margin. Others think it was co-authored by disciple Luo Guanzhong or a sequel by Luo Guanzhong.
Shi Naian Memorial Hall
Shi Naian Memorial Hall is located on Huajiadui in the western suburb of Baiju Town (once affiliated to xinghua city) in Dafeng City. It is said that it is the place where Shi Naian wrote books. Surrounded by water and dense reeds, it has a strong flavor of Water Margin. When tourists come here, they will doubt that they really came to Liao Erwa in Shui Bo, Liangshan. Located in the center of Huajiaduo, the memorial hall is an ancient residential building with three entrances, east and west compartments and small bricks. It is surrounded by a white wall. The first entrance is the hall, and above the fan door is the plaque of "Shi Naian Memorial Hall" inscribed by calligraphy master Qi Gong.
Shi Naian was born in Shijiaqiao outside Nagato, Suzhou. According to the genealogy of Shi's family, Yan Duan is the descendant of one of the 72 sages under Confucius. His father is a boatman. 65,438+03-year-old, went to Hushuguan private school to study. 65,438+09 years old, scholar, marry Ji. 29 years old, juren.
In order to escape the war, Shi Naian moved here to live in seclusion and wrote Water Margin. According to folklore, Zhang Shicheng rose up against Yuan, called the prince of Wu to Pingjiang (Suzhou) and hired him as a military adviser. Later, Zhang Shicheng reduced his salary to Yuan, refused to persuade him, and left his post to sit in Torinji, Zhutang, Jiangyin. Zhu Yuanzhang sent troops to besiege Pingjiang and the war spread to Jiangyin. Shi Naian remembered that Gu Ting, a friend of Songjiang Tongzhi and Jiaxing Daotongzhi, was from Xinghua. There is a remote place, surrounded by water, with inconvenient transportation. There has always been a saying that "Zhaoyang (Xinghua alias) has been good at avoiding soldiers since ancient times", so I specially sent someone to send Gu Ting a letter with a poem:
Wandering around the world, I found a good home in Yangshan (referring to Zhaoyang, improvisation).
May grass plant many kinds of trees, but don't teach plums to bear fruit like melons. (At that time, the folk song: "Li Sheng cucumber, the people are homeless")
After reading the letter, Gu Ting immediately wrote back to Shi Naian, welcoming him to take refuge in Xinghua. The letter also answered a poem:
I came from Jiangnan for advice and sent a smile to my old colleague.
This is not heaven. Where can Taoyuan avoid Qin?
After receiving the letter, Shi Naian left his eldest brother Yan Ming in Suzhou, took his second wife Shen Shi, his second brother Chae Yeon and his master Luo Guanzhong, braved the strong wind, crossed the Jiangbei River, stayed at Gu Ting Xinghua's home first, and then, with the help of Gu Ting, bought land and real estate at Baima Farm, a sparsely populated seaside east of Xinghua, and lived a secluded life of water economy. He met many farmers and salt people. When writing this book, Shi Naian wrote two poems:
Emperor Taiping sat in the middle, and the cautious officials were divided into four parts.
But see the fat sheep but not the elders, and don't smell the horse moving generals.
I'm a family business, and I want to send an essay with a eulogy.
Don't learn from the southeast, there are clouds in the northwest.
Generally speaking, life is a mound, and so is a hundred years.
The plow is safe and respectful to the chariot, and the sudden temperature is better than the fur.
Zi is an empty tiger, Zhuang Sheng is a cow.
The night is cold, thin and drunk, and the language is not surprising.
The first one is about confessing one's political ideals, hoping that a wise monarch can rule the world and let the people live and work in peace and contentment, and there will be no more wars. The second book is about his quiet life of writing books in seclusion, which is not obvious in this world, but it is also very comfortable and comfortable. However, the fact is not what Shi Naian thought. After the Water Margin was written, it spread to the palace and spread like wildfire. Zhu Yuanzhang said: "This book is also a book that advocates chaos. This person must have a conspiracy." He ordered Shi Naian to be imprisoned for more than a year. After being rescued by Liu Bowen, Yu Ming was released in Hongwu for three years and died in Huai 'an on the way.
After his death, his first 12 grandson Shi Dianbang initiated the transformation of his former residence in Baiju Town into a stone ancestral hall. Later, after several repairs and expansions, it became Sanjin, and there was an auditorium next to the hall. The first entrance is the hall, which has a teahouse; The second is the bookstore where the artist said "Water Margin"; The third entrance is Yin Fu Hall, which is dedicated to the spirits of Shi Naian, the ancestor of a thousand lines, and his descendants, and is used to worship ancestors here every spring and autumn. Unfortunately, the Stone Temple was destroyed in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. In the early 1990s, the Ministry of Culture and the People's Government of Jidafeng County, Jiangsu Province raised funds from various sources. Referring to the Restoration Map of Shi's Ancestral Hall drawn by Professor Yu Heng of Fudan University in Shanghai, the Shi Naian Memorial Hall was designed on August 20th 1993 under the auspices of a famous ancient architecture expert and professor of Shanghai Jiaotong University.
As soon as I entered the gate of the memorial hall, the first thing I saw was a white marble Shi Naian sculpture standing in the courtyard. It was modeled after the traditional Chinese painting design created by Professor Fan Ceng, director of the Oriental Art Department of Nankai University in Tianjin, and it was the masterpiece of Mr. Ye, the vice president of Nanjing Sculptor and Architects Association. Shi Naian, wearing a square scarf and a wide robe, has a thin face, deep eyes, a scroll in his left hand and a beard in his right hand, just like a cynical scholar.
Behind the statue, there is a viewing hall. Above the gate hangs the "Light of the Country" inscribed by the female calligrapher Xiao Xian, and 48 silk comic books introducing Shi Naian's life are displayed on the wall. Zhenjiang calligrapher Li Zonghai wrote a couplet saying:
Self-sacrifice is chivalrous, but it is based on Lu Da, Song Wu and Li Kui JY;
It was written by Chao Gai, Song Jiang and Wu Yong.
Then there is the exhibition hall, above which hangs the inscription "Wen Yi Ren" by the calligrapher Wu Zhongqi. Shi Naian's historical relics are displayed in the museum, which is divided into four parts: Shi Naian's family background, life, anecdotes and social influence. There are hundreds of historical materials such as the life of Shi, the epitaph of Shi Gongrang, the stone epitaph, etc., which have solved the "Shi Naian mystery" that has not been solved for hundreds of years. Fan Ning, a researcher at the Institute of Literature of China Academy of Social Sciences, happily wrote a poem after visiting here:
White pony people say that there is a reason why white pony people are passed down from generation to generation.
The stars moved a few times, leaving only a lonely and angry grave.
In the exhibition hall, people can also see many different versions of Water Margin. According to incomplete statistics, since Jiajing period, there have been 53 versions of Water Margin in China. It is also widely circulated abroad. South Korea, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Italy, France, Russia, Hungary, Czech Republic, Romania and other countries have translations of Water Margin. American versions include Water Margin, Selected Works of Water Margin, China's Classical Novel Water Margin, Shui Pai Biography, Wild Pig Forest and so on. There are more than 20 versions in Japan. Shi Naian and his work Water Margin have great influence. In China, there are China Water Margin Society, Zhejiang Water Margin Society, Shandong Liangshan Water Margin Research Society, Yancheng Water Margin Society, Dafeng Shi Naian Research Society and other academic groups specializing in Shi Naian and Water Margin, which hold seminars and publish publications. After the large-scale TV series "Water Margin" was broadcast, the audience was hundreds of millions. As Japanese sinologist Yan Puwen said, "Water Margin is an earth-shattering essay, the crown of China's novels and an excellent classical novel in the world literary world". Lu Qingbin, a doctor from London University, traveled across the ocean, not far from Wan Li to visit Shi Naian in Dafeng Baiju. Shi Naian is not only a literary master in China, but also a celebrity in the world literary world. The Water Margin is not only a treasure of China literature and art, but also the essence of world literature.
Shi Naian Memorial Hall (now Shijiaqiao Village, Xinduo Township, xinghua city) is more than ten miles west of Shi Naian Cemetery. A brick three-door archway stands in front of the tomb, and a stone carving of "Nai 'an Gongfang" hangs on the middle beam. The mausoleum is hidden among pines and cypresses, and the stone tablet inscribed by Zhao Puchu "Rebuilding Shi Naian's Tomb" stands in front of the tomb. There is also a green island nearby, and a small river flows around it. People look down from a height, but they are like hydrangeas on a lion's plate, so they are commonly called "land of geomantic omen". Zhang Huiren, an associate researcher at the Institute of Literature of Beijing Academy of Social Sciences, said:
On the other side, the white pony is misty, and the lion with the ball is bathed in the morning sunshine.
Nai Anquan lies calmly and comments are judged by people.
Wu Cheng'en (1506- 1582), whose real name is Ruzhong, was born in Huai 'an in the Ming Dynasty and was the author of the novel The Journey to the West. He was born at the wrong time and had a rough life. However, 400 years after his death, his graveyard, bones and some inscriptions were discovered. Wu Cheng'en's former residence has been rebuilt in Tongxiang under Huai 'an River, and the Wu Cheng'en Cemetery in Bauer Village in Madian Township has also been repaired.
When he was a teenager, Wu Cheng'en liked to listen to the stories of the Huaihe River Water God and the Sangha Great Sage. After middle age, he began to combine the story of Tang priest's westward journey with Tang legends, Buddhist and Taoist classics, folk stories and Huai 'an local stories, and wrote hundreds of stories about the journey to the west in his study. As soon as this book came out, it was hailed as one of the "four wonderful books" and became a treasure of the world literary world.
Wu Cheng'en is good at painting and calligraphy. However, the imperial examination was unfavorable, and it was not until middle age that he entered the tribute. At the age of 60, he became Changxing County Cheng, but left home because of disagreement with the chief executive. Later, he hired Jing Wang Fu Ji Shan.
Wu Cheng'en's father, Wu Rui (146 1- 1532), whose real name is Tingqi, is an honest man who likes to tell stories about history and visit ancient temples in Huaidi, and often tells stories about folk ghosts and gods to young Wu Cheng'en. Married to the Xu family, the daughter of a lace merchant. Xu gave birth to a daughter named Wu Chengjia, who married Shen Shan, a member of Huai 'an Minister. After middle age, he married Zhang and gave birth to the famous writer Wu Cheng'en.
Wu Cheng'en (about 1500—— about 1582) was born in Shanyang County, Huai 'an (now Huai 'an, Jiangsu).
Wu Cheng'en was born in a family where a small official was reduced to a small businessman. His father, Wu Rui, is optimistic and open-minded, pursuing the philosophy of happiness. He was made a loyal minister, hoping that he could study as an official, inherit the kindness of the emperor and be a loyal minister in history. When Wu Cheng'en was a child, he was eager to learn and read and recite quickly. He is good at painting, calligraphy, lyrics and Go, and he also likes to collect Fa Tie's famous paintings. As a teenager, he was famous in his hometown for his outstanding literary talent and was appreciated by people. He thought he was "as good as picking up a mustard tuber" in the imperial examination. The Records of Huai 'an Prefecture recorded that he was "quick and wise, rich in books, and wrote for poetry." In addition to being eager to learn, he especially likes to search for anecdotes and read books such as immortals, ghosts, foxes and monkeys. For example, unofficial history's novels like Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio and Miscellanies of Youyang have developed a hobby of seeking novelty in this colorful mythical world, and this hobby is increasing with age. This had a great influence on his creation of The Journey to the West. After the age of 30, the anecdotes he searched have been "hidden in his chest" and he has a creative plan. At the age of 50, he wrote the first dozen of The Journey to the West's novels, but for some reason he was interrupted for many years. It was not until he resigned in his later years and returned to his hometown that The Journey to the West's creation was finally completed.
Wu Cheng'en, who entered his youth, is a wild and arrogant young man. Low social status, poverty and hardship made this great genius wild and uninhibited, which attracted a flood of laughter. Gone are the days when he was praised by others.
When Wu Cheng'en was about twenty years old, she married a girl from her hometown named Ye. After marriage, she had deep feelings. Although Wu Cheng'en was bohemian, she was virtuous and faithful to her wife.
In the ten years of Jiajing, Wu Cheng'en achieved excellent results in the annual examination and scientific research, obtained the qualification of Jinshi, and went to Nanjing to take the provincial examination with friends. However, his talent is not as good as that of his companions. He, a well-known gifted scholar in a village, is notorious in Sun Shan.
The following spring, his father passed away with regret. Wu Cheng'en accepted the lesson of his first failure and studied hard for the next three years, but he still failed in the exam in the autumn of Jiajing 13th year. Wu Cheng'en felt ashamed and resentful, and fell ill this winter. The defeat of two provincial examinations, coupled with the death of his father, was a heavy blow to Wu Cheng'en. In his view, it is not only unreasonable to fail the jury in the exam, but also a shame for parents and grandparents. However, he didn't think that he didn't have the ability to pass the exam, but he was just unlucky. He believes that "fame and fortune have their own lives, and it is stupid to have them?"
Wu Cheng'en lived a different life, upright and upright. The reason why he is so talented and tried and tested is probably related to his unwillingness to please Shangguan against his will. He hates corrupt officialdom, doesn't want to go against his heart, and holds a negative attitude towards the dark reality. He wrote in the poem "Jiro's Song of Seeking Mountains": "The disaster of human beings is not for apes and cranes, but for insects. Sitting in the song room with the five ghosts, I didn't see the four murderers in court. Ye Fu was very grateful, but he felt sorry for his kindness. Wear an evil knife on your chest. You can't hate it. Save the moon has a goal to save the Japanese bow. Are there no heroes in the world? Who can make a contribution of forest air for me and let it last for ten thousand years? " It is believed that the reason for the "civil disaster" and the ugliness of social reality is that the rulers are not good at employing people and let the bad guys like "Five Ghosts" and "Four Fierces" take power. He wanted to "make a fortune" and "be king" to turn Gan Kun around, but he was short of talents and ambitious, so he could only sigh generously when the wind came.
The hardships of life have brought Wu Cheng'en no less pressure than the failure of scientific research. After his father died, he needed to manage all the expenses at home, but he was unable to support his family, let alone the means to support it. The source of family life, in addition to getting back six dou of rice from the university every month, can only eat the legacy left by my father.
Wu Cheng'en, who had tasted the ups and downs of social life, began to think more clearly and deeply about the problems of social life, and used his own poems to fight against unreasonable society.
Wu Cheng'en once wrote a strange novel Yu Zhi Ding. In the preface of this book, he said that although his novels and fairy tales are written about immortals and ghosts, they are actually centered on "human beings", in order to pin his political ideals on evil forces and make readers "afraid", either doing nothing or making fun of strange things. He wrote about The Journey to the West for the same purpose. The Journey to the West wrote in forty-five times that when the Monkey King arranged clouds, thunder and rain for the god of nature, he specially ordered Lei Tianjun to say, "Old Deng carefully looked after that corrupt official, disobedient and unfilial son and killed several more people for public display!" What the Monkey King hates most is "corrupt officials", which is completely consistent with Wu Cheng'en's special hatred of corrupt officials in many poems. In the mythical world of Journey to the West, there are human shadows everywhere: the sacred heavenly palace is resplendent on the surface, but the supreme jade emperor is ignorant and very fatuous, and the heaven is like a dynasty on earth; The underworld is strict, officials protect each other, take bribes and bend the law, and innocent people have grievances, just like the yamen on the ground; Demons and ghosts kill and eat people, love money and lust, dominate one side with spells, and do evil, which is simply the embodiment of human bully bureaucrats. The Journey to the West also wrote about some secular countries, where the rulers were mostly "poor in civil and military skills, and the monarchs didn't follow the rules", which is also a portrayal of the crimes of the Ming court. Wu Cheng'en's Monkey King is full of hatred and magical power, which pushes all monsters who call themselves fierce and crazy under its golden hoop, loses their former prestige, or dies or gives in easily, which embodies Wu Cheng'en's strong desire to sweep away social ugliness and ugly forces, and is also the essence of democracy in Journey to the West.
Wu Cheng'en, who was poor all his life, made every effort to complete the famous The Journey to the West at home and abroad, and passed away in the ten years of Wanli.
The appearance of The Journey to the West opened up a new category of ghost novels. The clever combination of well-meaning satire and bitter satire with serious criticism in the book directly affects the development of satirical novels. The Journey to the West is the peak of romanticism in ancient novels and a masterpiece of romanticism in the history of world literature. Encyclopedia americana thinks it is "a mythical novel with rich contents and brilliant ideas", while The French Encyclopedia says: "The description of the whole story is full of humor and wit, which gives readers strong interest." Since19th century, it has been translated into more than ten languages, including Japanese, English, French, German and Russian.
Was The Journey to the West written by Wu Cheng'en? This is a historical unsolved case for hundreds of years. In the 1920s, Hu Shi and Lu Xun demonstrated from the scholars of Qing Dynasty that The Journey to the West was written by Wu Cheng'en, a middle-aged tribute student of Jiajing in Huai 'an. But judging from the various versions of Journey to the West that can be seen at present, none of them was written by Wu Cheng'en. Recently, Beijing Library Publishing House published a book "Talking about Wu Cheng'en-Revealing the Author's Problem of The Journey to the West", suggesting that the author of The Journey to the West was not Wu Cheng'en, but Li Chunfang, the "Prime Minister of Qing Dynasty" of Ming Jiajing.
The idea of textual research is to start with the word "Jiao" in Huayang Teachers College at the beginning of A Journey to the West in Shidetang, compare the changes and development of the stories of adding, deleting and modifying the Biography of Explaining Hubei by Yang Zhi, The Journey to the West and Zhu, demonstrate the writing process of the novel, straighten out the publishing order of these three versions, and combine the thoughts of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism embodied in them.
Wu Cheng'en wrote a poem "To the Foothills of Sok Li", and the stone in the foothills is Li Chunfang's name. Li, a native of Xinghua, Jiangsu Province, was the number one scholar in Jiajing period. He was promoted to Zaifu because of his excellent writing of Qing Ci. When I was a child, I studied in Huayang Cave, Jiangsu, so I was nicknamed "Master Huayang Cave". He was appointed as the Yongle ceremony of the general school. There is a poem by The Journey to the West in the ninety-fifth chapter: "Colorful fragrance, a barren mountain suddenly smells fragrant;" The rainbow flows through the Qinghai River and the Sea for thousands of years, and electricity travels around Changchun and the Tang Dynasty. Flowers and trees are elegant, and wild flowers are moist and fragrant. Ancient elders left behind relics, and now I am glad that Mingjun lost the Jubao Hall. Mr. Shen found that the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh sentences of this poem implied "the old friend stayed behind", and the frontispiece "Huayang Dong Tian Teachers College" meant "making up a journey to the west".
Hu Shi and Lu Xun claimed that Wu Cheng'en was the author of The Journey to the West on the basis of The Records of Huai 'an Prefecture, which will be published tomorrow. The record records that Wu Cheng'en is The Journey to the West, but it doesn't explain why such a book was published. Xianfeng reprinted Huai 'an County Records in Qing Dynasty, and deleted this article.
At the end of 1983, Mr. Zhang pointed out in the article "Is Journey to the West Written by Wu Cheng'en" that during the more than 300 years from the advent of The Journey to the West to the 1920s, all kinds of publications were either edited by Zhu, or only edited by Huayang without the author's name, or written by Qiu Chuji, and none of them recognized Wu Cheng'en's copyright. Hu Shi also said in the preface of The Journey to the West in 192 1 that this work was "written by an unknown novelist after the middle of Ming Dynasty". Later, Mr. Lu Xun argued that Wu Cheng'en said that Hu Shi got the materials copied by Lu Xun, and Textual Research on Journey to the West also held this opinion. But a closer look at their textual research is based on two indirect materials and only one direct material.
Indirect materials 1: Wu Yumou (1698- 1773) Yang Shan Shi Lu Volume 4:
The Old Records of the Apocalypse (referring to the Records of the Apocalypse in Huai 'an), and Mr. Lie (referring to Wu Cheng'en) is the person in charge of the Garden of Modern Literature. It is said that "the nature is sensitive and wise, and there are many writings, and there are poems and essays, and several kinds of miscellaneous notes are famous for a while." I didn't know why I was waiting for a book, but I read Huai Xian Wen Mu written by Mr. The Journey to the West. Textual research on The Journey to the West's old name "Certificate" shows that it conforms to the purpose at that time, and Yuan Yu Taoist Garden is orderly, and that this book was written by a real person in Qiu Changchun at the beginning of other countries. And the county ambition refers to the hand of a gentleman. When the apocalypse comes, Mr. Wang is not far away, and his words will be true. Written at the beginning of Changchun, Italy, Mr. Zhi is a popular romance, such as The Three Kingdoms, written by Chen Shou, and the romance is called Luo Guanzhong. There are many dialects in my hometown in the book, and there is no doubt that there are people who go abroad. Or cloud: There is After Journey to the West, written by Mr. Sheyang.
The Journey to the West has been published for nearly 200 years, and the only basis for judging is the publication of official records in Huai 'an tomorrow. His right to speak is actually similar to ours.
Indirect material 2: Ruan Kuisheng (1727- 1789) Tea Guest Talk Volume 21:
According to old books, Sheyang is said to be sensitive, wise, poetic and playful, and has written several miscellaneous notes. I'm sorry I didn't notice the title of Miscellaneous Notes, but the book Huaixian Wenmu contains Sheyang's Popular Romance of Journey to the West. It is the beginning of the popularity of this book next season, and people in the alley are happy to talk about it, but this is unheard of. ..... Ming county ambition, writing Sheyang, Sheyang ambition is not far away. How can he make a name for himself with the novels of secular yuan people? Or Changchun has this record at the beginning, and Sheyang is therefore romantic, extremely illusory and changeable; For example, the left ones include National Records and Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Look at dialect slang again. They are all spoken in the street with rural accent in Huaishang. Women and children in the street understand it, and some don't read it at all, so it is undoubtedly from the hands of people in Huaishang.
The only basis for judging here is still the record of the Apocalypse on Huai 'an House. According to Lu Xun's analysis, Ruan Kuisheng is actually based on Wu Yu? The fourth volume of Yang Shanzhi was written because it followed the book's view that "comedy of cultivating kindness" in Huai 'an County Records was mistaken for "banter of cultivating kindness". Both Wu and Ruan mentioned Huaishang dialect in their books, but both affirmed that Wu Cheng'en's works were circumstantial evidence after The Journey to the West's novels. However, there has been a great debate in academic circles about dialects in novels. Huang Taihong's Postscript to the Journey to the West in the early Qing Dynasty proves that there are many Jinling dialects in the book. In Qing Dynasty, Wu Cheng'en was also listed as the author by Ding Yan's Preface to the Stone Pavilion and Jiao Xun Drama. However, they are either based on the records of Huai 'an Prefecture or the Tea Party, which means that there is only one basis for granting copyright to Wu Cheng'en.
Direct materials: Records of Huai 'an Prefecture, Volume 19, Records of Arts and Literature, and Records of Huai 'an County;
Wu Cheng'en: Sheyang Collection, four volumes; Preface to Chunqiu Zhuan; Journey to the west.
According to this material, Mr. Zhang demonstrated from both positive and negative aspects.
Front:
The Records of Huai 'an Prefecture did not explain the number of volumes or revolutions of Wu Cheng'en and The Journey to the West, nor did it explain the nature of the article. There are often two works with the same name in history. For example, in the early Qing Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, there was a collection of Dongjiang banknotes, and in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there was a novel called "The Legend of Ruyi Jun" ... An Guo, who was about 20 years older than Wu Cheng'en, also wrote The Journey to the West, but it was just a travel note. So it can't be concluded that The Journey to the West in Wu Cheng'en is Journey to the West.
Tail:
Huang Yuji, a famous bibliophile in the early Qing Dynasty, recorded the following geographical categories in Volume 8 of Qian Qingtang Bibliography:
Tang Hezheng's Journey to the South has three volumes, Wu Cheng'en and The Journey to the West have one volume, and Shen's Travel Notes of Siming Mountain.
At that time, it was more than half a century since the first edition of The Journey to the West Wanli 20th year (1592). It is a well-known book, but in Wu Cheng'en's Journey to the West, Hwang Yuxi clearly classified The Journey to the West as a geographical category, indicating that the book is just a general travel note, just like the travel notes written by Wu Cheng'en's contemporaries, such as Journey to the East and Journey to the South.
Experts believe that there are always different opinions about the author of The Journey to the West, and most of them deny that it was written by Wu Cheng'en. Others think that The Journey to the West's author was suggested to be Li Chunfang in the past. It is not convincing enough to imply Li Chunfang by a poem in The Journey to the West. This can only be a family opinion. To truly solve the historical mystery of The Journey to the West's author, we need to further explore more first-hand information.