Investigation report on middle school students' extracurricular reading 1 Books are the crystallization of human thoughts, which is the mother embryo that inspires human thoughts. Under the background of education reform in China, the Chinese curriculum standard for nine-year compulsory education was officially promulgated in July of XX. In the proposal on extracurricular reading, it is required that "the total amount of extracurricular reading for students in nine years should reach more than 4 million words, and the reading materials should include all kinds of books and newspapers suitable for students to read". Extracurricular reading has produced the meaning of life, providing milk for knowledge hunger, good reading, good reading and extra-curricular reading. It can not only help middle school students improve their Chinese writing level, but also help them accumulate knowledge, broaden their horizons, increase their knowledge, increase their experience, understand the nature of society, develop their intelligence and cultivate their sentiment, which has a subtle influence on middle school students' ideological and moral character, personality temperament, aesthetic accomplishment and spiritual world. Especially when reading novels, we can feel the author's thoughts and feelings, as well as his social phenomena. However, some people think that extracurricular reading has a great influence on middle school students' study and health, and even goes astray.
Taking advantage of this internship in Mazhang No.1 Middle School, we conducted a questionnaire survey and a conversation survey on the extracurricular reading of middle school students in Class 3, 4 and 5 of Senior One. The main purpose of this survey is to exercise yourself and understand the situation of some middle school students. We hope to learn some knowledge and broaden our horizons in this activity.
First, the survey method.
1, questionnaire design.
In the questionnaire, I focused on the general scope, quantity, types and attitudes of middle school students reading extracurricular books. This paper mainly analyzes the reading mode, reading situation and its content. Views on extracurricular reading and its influence on learning. The subjects of the sampling questionnaire survey are mainly students from Class One and Class Three of Mazhang No.1 Middle School. Among them, girls account for 56.3% of the total number of students, and boys account for 43.7%; Conduct anonymous questionnaire survey, collect and count data manually and by computer.
2. Discuss the visit.
In order to know more about middle school students' extracurricular reading, a student forum was held in individual classes, and most students were interviewed directly, and reliable oral materials were obtained.
Second, the questionnaire arrangement
A total of 234 student questionnaires were sent out in this survey, and 86 valid questionnaires/kloc-0 were recovered, accounting for 79.5% of the questionnaires sent out. In the valid questionnaire, there are 54 students with computers at home, accounting for 29% of the total number of students, and there are 132 students without computers, accounting for 7 1% of the total number of students. According to the different situations of students, I designed the following contents to conduct a questionnaire survey, and processed the contents:
(A) the contents of the questionnaire survey
1. Do you think middle school students should study?
A, it should be 90%b, whatever 10%c, it should not be 0%.
Do you like reading after class?
A, like 65%b, generally 20%c, don't like 25%.
3. Do you often read extracurricular books?
A, it's B, it's not.
4. How many hours do you watch TV a week?
A, less than two hours b, three hours c, more than four hours 5. What kind of books do you often read?
A, novels B, essays C, fairy tales D, cartoons E, magazines, newspapers and periodicals
6. Do you often go to the bookstore?
A, it's B, it's not.
7. How often do you usually go to the bookstore?
A, once a week b, once a week c, once a month d, rarely.
8. Do you like reading Chinese classics or foreign classics?
A, Chinese classics B, foreign classics
9. How many classics have you read for middle school students?
A, 0-2 parts of b, 3-4 parts of c and more than 5 parts.
10 Do you like reading popular novels?
A, it's B, it's not.
1 1. Do you like reading online novels?
A, it's B, it's not.
12, do you think extracurricular reading is helpful to your academic performance?
A, help 70%b, no help 25%c, hinder learning to improve 5%.
13. What is the teacher's attitude towards students' extracurricular reading?
A, support 50%b, oppose 15%c, and be neutral by 30%.
Investigation report on extracurricular reading of middle school students II. The goal of this survey
(1) the purpose of this survey: extracurricular reading of middle school students is an easily overlooked part of Chinese teaching. The quality and quantity of students' extracurricular reading directly affect middle school students' Chinese literacy, and at the same time, it can also reflect the financial situation of students' families, parents' cultural quality, school running philosophy and teachers' guiding methods, which has a positive effect on guiding Chinese teachers to carry out Chinese teaching practice in the future, reminding parents of students to raise their awareness of supporting their children's reading, suggesting schools to change their school running philosophy and improve school running conditions.
(ii) The target of this survey.
The subjects of this survey are 1 194 students from the largest rural junior middle school in XX. They belong to three academic years, including 8 classes of freshmen and 392 students. There are 8 classes and 427 students in Grade Two; There are 8 classes and 375 students in Grade Three. Among them, there are 538 children of urban workers, cadres and teachers, accounting for 45. 1% of the total number of students, and the rest are children of rural farmers, accounting for 54.9% of the total number of students. Students come from workers' children's primary school, the first primary school in the town, the second primary school in the town and four village-level primary schools.
(3) the way of this survey
Questionnaire survey and random sampling survey were used.
(4) The expected results of this survey
1. Understand the current situation of rural middle school students' extracurricular reading.
2. Find out the factors that affect rural middle school students' extracurricular reading.
(5) Time of this survey
August 30(th), 2000
Second, the status of rural middle school students' extracurricular reading
(A) the origin of this rural middle school students' extracurricular reading survey
The Chinese Curriculum Standard defines the teaching goal of Chinese curriculum as "knowledge and ability, process and method, emotional attitude and values". The process and methods are included in the teaching objectives, which were not included in the previous syllabus. For example, "in the process of learning Chinese", "understand the richness and broadness of China culture", "care about contemporary cultural life and respect multiculturalism"; "Gradually develop a scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts and advocating true knowledge, and initially master scientific thinking methods"; "Cultivate self-confidence and good study habits in Chinese learning"; "I can understand and appreciate literary works, be influenced by noble sentiments and interests, develop my own personality and enrich my spiritual world." All these reflect the new orientation of Chinese curriculum standards, that is, while improving students' ability to correctly understand and use Chinese, they should pay special attention to enriching students' humanistic literacy, so as to comprehensively improve students' Chinese literacy. Reading is an activity for students to collect information, understand the world, develop their thinking, read independently, explore reading and create reading. Under the guidance of teachers, they can feel and absorb the essence of their works, absorb rich cultural nutrition and enrich their spiritual world. At the same time, the curriculum standard also points out that "Chinese is a practical course" and "students should be more directly exposed to Chinese materials and master the rules of using Chinese in a large number of Chinese practices". This shows that students' exposure to Chinese is not limited to Chinese classes, but broadens the field of Chinese learning and application. Students can learn Chinese through extracurricular reading and various media. Resources for learning Chinese and practical opportunities for using Chinese can be said to be everywhere. As far as possible, letting students directly contact with Chinese materials is conducive to cultivating students' good sense of language and overall grasp ability. According to the curriculum standard, in order to increase students' reading, the amount of extracurricular reading in nine years should reach more than 4 million words.
Therefore, strengthening middle school students' extracurricular reading is the requirement of curriculum standards and the need to improve students' Chinese literacy. At present, it is more and more important to investigate the extracurricular reading situation of rural middle school students.
(B) The current situation of rural middle school students' extracurricular reading is not optimistic, mainly in the following aspects:
1. The children of urban workers' families, cadres' families, teachers' children and rural farmers' families have great differences in extracurricular reading.
(1) Urban students are better than rural students in the variety and quantity of extracurricular reading materials. 1 194 among the respondents, there are 538 children of urban workers, cadres and teachers and 656 children of rural farmers. We found that among the 328 people who have more than 2 1 extracurricular reading materials (excluding supplementary materials), 3 17 people think that students in the town account for 96.6%, while children from rural families outside the town only account for 3%. 4%。 Nevertheless, 328 students have more than 2 1 extra-curricular books, accounting for only 3. 18% of the total number of students.
(2) Parents of rural farmers are not as good as parents of urban workers and government officials in supporting students' extracurricular reading. According to the survey statistics, more than 86% parents of workers and cadres actively support students to carry out extracurricular reading, believing that extracurricular reading can not only broaden students' horizons, but also improve students' Chinese ability. However, only 8% of rural farmers' parents support their children to do extracurricular reading, and most of these 8% still think that extracurricular reading can improve students' grades before expressing their support.
(3) In the way of extracurricular reading, students from rural peasant families are not as good as those from urban workers and cadres. The extracurricular reading of students from rural families can only be a limited number of extracurricular books, and they want to borrow none from their fellow villagers. In addition, the only way to gain extra-curricular knowledge is TV, while students only pay attention to the wonderful scenes or novel pictures in cartoons or martial arts films when watching TV, and do not pay attention to the Chinese knowledge or natural science knowledge in TV works. However, students in the town have many ways to read after class. In addition to parents buying books or electronic publications, they can also borrow books from teachers and classmates in the town. Some parents can also use the library at work. Students with good conditions can read online at home, and some can participate in summer camps and winter camps under the guidance of their parents or gain experience in tourism. This is beyond the reach of rural students.
2. The lack of construction, management and use of rural school libraries has affected students' extracurricular reading.
The statistical results of this survey show that 98% of students' extracurricular reading materials come from their families and 2% are borrowed from others.
. The extracurricular reading provided by the school is zero. Moreover, according to the materials I have, rural primary and secondary school libraries still insist on opening to students. Even if it is open, it is only a show before the supervision and inspection by the superior, and it is open to students, so that students can leave traces on the library card. Many schools are no longer open to students. It is difficult for students to read books in the school library, let alone in the electronic reading room.
3. The total amount of students' extracurricular reading materials is seriously insufficient.
(1) Students have a small number of extracurricular reading materials. In this survey, we divided "the number of extracurricular books you have" into four categories: 14 or less, 25- 10, 31-20, and 42 1 above. The survey results show that only 206 people have more than 2 1 extra-curricular books, accounting for 17 of the total number of students in the school. 3%, 246 people have 1 1-20 extra-curricular books, accounting for 27% of the total number of students in the school. 5%, the remaining 3 14 people have less than 5 extracurricular books. This can't rule out the possibility that some students list supplementary teaching materials as extracurricular reading materials.
⑵ Students' extracurricular reading materials are single, mostly Tang poems, mostly China's four classic novels, with fewer fairy tales, myths, fables, poems and essays, and even fewer foreign works.
(3) Students read less. There are 472 students who have read 5- 10 extracurricular books, accounting for 39% of the total number of students. 5%, 10-20 extracurricular books have been read by 136 people, accounting for 1 1 of the total number of students. 4%, only 1 12 people have read more than 2 1 books, accounting for 9% of the total number of students. 4%, while the remaining 379 people have only read less than five extracurricular books.
It is precisely because of the lack of extracurricular reading materials and the single variety that students know little about the rich and splendid culture of the motherland.
4. Students have not formed good reading habits.
Students do extracurricular reading only because of their interests or teachers' requirements, and can't take the initiative to read. In the survey, we found that students' favorite way to learn about Chinese and foreign famous works is watching TV plays, but few students learn about Chinese and foreign famous works through reading. Students read extra-curricular books either because of the teacher's request, in order to improve their Chinese scores, they only choose the content related to the Chinese exam, or because they are idle and bored, they spend some time reading. In the process of reading, few people take reading notes, let alone what is the use of taking reading notes and how to do it.
Thirdly, there are many factors that affect rural middle school students' extracurricular reading.
1. Family economic status has the most direct influence on extracurricular reading of middle school students.
At present, although the nine-year compulsory education has been basically popularized in our city, it is not easy for rural families to complete the nine-year compulsory education, let alone buy extracurricular books for students, because in recent years, the expenditure of students' study fees has been increasing, and the phenomenon of brain drain of rural students has risen again.
2. The cultural quality of students' parents affects students' extracurricular reading.
At present, most parents of middle school students were born in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and most of them have received education above junior high school, which is quite supportive of students' study. But in contrast, parents with higher education pay more attention to students' education and extracurricular reading. On the contrary, the parents of rural students are the vast majority, and their educational level is low. In their view, it is enough for students to learn the knowledge in the textbook well. What else should they do after class?
3. The concept and conditions of the school restrict students' extracurricular reading.
Although quality education has been implemented in China for many years, due to the evaluation of government schools, the social evaluation of schools is still based on the enrollment rate. Therefore, the idea of running a school has not really changed to improve students' comprehensive quality.
Coupled with the shortage of funds in rural middle schools, money is spent on the purchase and improvement of modern multimedia teaching equipment, seeking foreign countries, innovation and greatness, while ignoring the construction and management of libraries, so that students do not have good extracurricular reading although they are studying in schools. In addition, in order to improve the enrollment rate, the school has established experimental classes and ordinary classes. The students in the experimental class have a good foundation, a strong learning atmosphere and more extracurricular reading. There are only a few students who can enter the experimental class in a school, and most of them are in ordinary classes, which leads to more students not developing well.
3. Lack of teachers' guidance is an important reason why rural middle school students have a narrow reading range and a small amount of reading.
Influenced by exam-oriented education, teachers have not fully realized the effect of extracurricular reading on middle school students' emotions, attitudes and values. When guiding students to carry out extracurricular reading, it is still based on improving students' Chinese performance, allowing students to accumulate vocabulary, imitate sentence-making, experience writing and read for students' writing, which restricts students' extracurricular reading, and students gradually lose interest in extracurricular reading and stop reading. In addition, the heavy homework assigned by the teacher also makes students have no time to do extracurricular reading.
Four, some suggestions for rural middle school students' extracurricular reading.
1. Change ideas, and establish a new outlook on talents and employment. At present, the whole society should completely change the old concept of only entering higher education and only academic qualifications. In particular, the news media should publicize ordinary students who are diligent and versatile, rather than over-promoting the champions of the college entrance examination and the senior high school entrance examination, and establish the concept of talents who study well and talents who are versatile in the hearts of the masses. Only in this way can the whole society pay more attention to the all-round cultivation of students.
2. Resolutely cancel key classes so that every student can receive a good education and really enjoy resources.
3. The contact between students and parents should be institutionalized. Let each student's parents raise their awareness and change their ideas in the process of communicating with schools and teachers, and strive to create good conditions and atmosphere for students to read at home.
4. The construction and management of school libraries should be implemented. Compared with other schools, the construction of libraries is small, but its significance is different. All schools will build, manage and use the library well as long as they do it in line with the concept of all-round development for students. Conditional schools should actively build electronic reading rooms.
Teachers, especially Chinese teachers, should pay full attention to the guidance of students' extracurricular reading. They can make a list of books for students, put forward requirements, teach methods and organize some reading competitions to promote students' reading habits.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion
This questionnaire survey of rural middle school students' extracurricular reading reflects the current situation of rural middle school students' extracurricular reading, points out the direction for Chinese teachers to guide extracurricular reading, puts forward suggestions for rural middle schools in the construction, management and utilization of libraries, and also puts forward hopes for parents of rural students to change their concepts and support their children to carry out extracurricular reading activities.
Investigation report on extracurricular reading of middle school students 3 I. Purpose of the investigation
Middle school students' extracurricular reading is an important part of Chinese teaching, the expansion and extension of Chinese teaching, and the ultimate destination of Chinese teaching. The quality of students' extracurricular reading directly affects middle school students' Chinese literacy and academic performance. At the same time, it can also reflect students' family economic status, parents' cultural quality, school-running ideas and teachers' guiding methods, which has a positive guiding role for teachers to carry out Chinese teaching practice in the future, reminding parents to raise their awareness of supporting children's reading, and suggesting schools to change their school-running ideas and improve school-running conditions.
Second, the object of this survey
The subjects of this survey are 985 students in Pingquan junior high school. They belong to three academic years. We will randomly select 300 students from three grades to conduct a questionnaire survey, and understand students' reading status by filling in questionnaires and statistical results.
Third, the current situation of extracurricular reading of middle school students in our school.
1. Reading time after class:
Reading time is less, and extracurricular reading cannot be guaranteed. The survey results show that students in our school spend less time after class every day, with 96% students reading for less than half an hour and 4% students reading for more than half an hour. Judging from the time period of reading, they are all concentrated on weekends and winter and summer vacations.
2. Types and quantities of extracurricular reading materials:
The total amount of extracurricular reading materials owned by students is seriously insufficient, and the variety of extracurricular reading materials is single, mostly Tang poetry, mostly China's four classic novels, with fewer fairy tales, myths, fables, poems and essays, and even fewer foreign works.
3. Parents' support for students' extracurricular reading:
According to the survey statistics, more than 86% parents actively support students to carry out extracurricular reading, thinking that extracurricular reading can not only broaden students' horizons, but also improve students' Chinese ability. This kind of support is only verbal, and most of them still think that extracurricular reading can improve students' grades before expressing their support. 14% parents think that extracurricular books are idle books, which are a waste of time and don't support them at all, for fear of affecting students' study. In addition, judging from the cost of books purchased by students, the investment is obviously insufficient. 95% students' parents are eager for quick success and instant benefit, and can't see the benefits of studying. They just want to meet the material needs of students, and they would rather spend money to let students eat, drink and eat well than pay attention to reading.
4. The way of extracurricular reading:
95% of students' extracurricular reading is only a limited number of extracurricular books, and they have no financial ability to buy extracurricular books. In addition, the only way to acquire extracurricular knowledge is TV. When watching TV, students only pay attention to the wonderful scenes or novel pictures in cartoons or martial arts films, and do not pay attention to the Chinese knowledge or natural science knowledge in TV works. 5% students can borrow books from teachers and classmates in addition to books or electronic publications bought by their parents. Some parents can also use the library at work, and students with good conditions can study online at home.
5. Reading book preferences:
The survey results show that students' favorite types of extracurricular reading materials focus on animation, science fiction and fantasy horror, accounting for 93% of the survey population; Students who like Chinese-related books such as literary masterpieces account for 6%; In addition, 1% students don't like reading any books, but only like playing games in their spare time. Judging from the media used in reading, 97% students like to use mobile phones, e-readers or online reading, and only 3% students like to read paper books.
6. Judging from the writing situation of reading notes:
Students don't form good reading habits, and reading after class only depends on their own interests or teachers' requirements, so they can't read actively.
7. The benefits of reading:
The survey results show that 90% students think that reading can enrich knowledge, improve Chinese literacy and stimulate creative desire; There are also 10% students who think they can't speak clearly or have no feelings. Therefore, from the feeling of extracurricular reading, most students have handed in blank papers, that is, they have no feelings.
Fourthly, there are many factors that affect students' extracurricular reading in our school.
1. Family economic status has the most direct influence on extracurricular reading of middle school students.
2. The cultural quality of students' parents affects students' extracurricular reading.
3. The concept and conditions of the school restrict students' extracurricular reading.
4. Lack of teachers' guidance is an important reason why rural middle school students have a narrow reading range and a small amount of reading.
Five, some suggestions for middle school students' extracurricular reading in our school
1. Change ideas, and establish a new concept of talent and employment.
At present, the whole society should completely change the old ideas of only entering a higher school, only academic qualifications and only scores. In particular, the news media should publicize more diligent and versatile ordinary students, instead of over-promoting the top students in the college entrance examination and senior high school entrance examination, and establish the concept of "talents who study well and talents who are versatile" in the hearts of the masses.
2. The contact between students and parents should be institutionalized.
Parents of each student should raise their awareness, change their minds and strive to create good conditions and atmosphere for students to read at home in the process of communicating with schools and teachers.
3. The construction and management of school libraries should be implemented.
Compared with other schools, the construction of libraries is small, but its significance is different. As long as all schools follow the concept of all-round development of students, they will certainly build, manage and use the library well. Conditional schools should actively build electronic reading rooms.
Teachers, especially Chinese teachers, should pay full attention to the guidance of students' extracurricular reading.
You can list books, put forward requirements and teaching methods for students, and organize some reading competitions to promote the development of students' reading habits.
This questionnaire survey of middle school students' extracurricular reading in our school well reflects the present situation of middle school students' extracurricular reading in our school, points out the direction for Chinese teachers to guide extracurricular reading, puts forward suggestions for the construction, management and use of our school library, and also puts forward hopes for parents of rural students to change their concepts and support their children to carry out extracurricular reading activities.
Investigation report on extracurricular reading of middle school students 4 I. Purpose of the investigation
Books are the ladder of human progress. Extracurricular reading is one of the indispensable links in middle school students' spare time. With the introduction of the "burden reduction" policy, the academic burden is gradually reduced, and leisure time begins to increase, which is bound to provide an opportunity for extracurricular reading in middle schools. Since extracurricular reading has become the "second classroom" for students, it is particularly important to understand the situation of extracurricular reading in middle schools today. This study investigates the different reading materials that middle school students like at present and analyzes the reasons, so as to further understand the ideological quality and literature accomplishment of the younger generation.
Second, the scope of investigation
Some middle school students in Xinhua Bookstore and Sanlian Bookstore.
Third, the survey method
330 questionnaires were investigated and distributed, and 280 of them were valid.
Fourth, the survey results.
According to the survey, more than 95% middle school students like reading after class. Because the favorite reading materials vary from person to person, in order to express the results conveniently, we only show the most important survey results in the form of a list.
In the "your favorite book" option, boys and girls invariably put "detective mystery novel" in the first place, which is not surprising, because this kind of novel has the characteristics of strong logic and gripping plot, which is really attractive to curious middle school students. Comics and cartoons account for 42% of boys and 5 1.6% of girls, and their popularity conforms to the psychological characteristics of modern middle school students. Film novels are emerging among boys and may become a new trend. Martial arts novels are still favored by 42% boys. It seems that the charm of heroes still exists. In contrast, girls' preference for classical masterpieces should be closely related to their potential literary feelings and delicate thoughts.
Girls in their prime will not miss fashion magazines and periodicals. Among the "reasons" options, "strong logic" and "attractive plot" account for 58.3% of boys and 77.4% of girls respectively. This should be caused by rational and perceptual thinking. However, few people pay attention to such options as literature, philosophy and knowledge, and such books have not yet become the mainstream. In the "influencing factors" option, "personal interest" dominates. Indeed, modern students pay more attention to independence and individuality, but the influence of the media is not small.
There are many similarities and differences in extracurricular reading of junior and senior high school students. In the column of "favorite books", "detective reasoning" and "cartoon comics" both won the championship and runner-up in junior high school and high school; Junior high school students are still young, and they are greatly influenced by teachers' guidance. Therefore, classic works of orthodox education such as "classics" have also attracted much attention among junior high school students, with 4 1.2% of the votes. In the survey, it is not difficult to find that the range of books read by senior high school students is obviously wider than that of junior high school students. In junior high school, "artistic accomplishment" and "military" are almost ignored, but in senior high school, they have nearly 15% of the votes.
In terms of "reasons for liking", senior high school students' answers are more diverse, and the "attractive plot" with the highest voting rate only accounts for 6 1.5%, which is significantly lower than that of junior high school students' 70.6%. In addition, the reason of "strong philosophy" also occupies a place in high school, which is nearly 10 percentage point higher than that in junior high school. From the perspective of "influencing factors", junior high school students pay less attention to the surrounding world than senior high school students, and media recommendations account for 5.88% in junior high school and 1 1.5% in senior high school respectively. As a result, high school students are closer to the society and have a broader vision. With the gradual elimination of sea tactics, it is replaced by colorful spiritual food for children. More than half of parents fully support their children's extracurricular reading, which will surely further the development of quality education. About 2/3 teenagers choose to buy their favorite books, and about13 choose to rent or borrow. Generous financial contributions from parents provide favorable conditions for students' extracurricular reading.
Teachers recommend extracurricular reading materials, which can be described as mixed. Fortunately, most students have accepted the extracurricular reading recommended by the teacher, which is enough to prove the position of the teacher in the eyes of the students-to be a teacher, to be knowledgeable and to understand the students is the best guide; Worryingly, more than half of the teachers don't care about students' extracurricular reading. It seems that parents pay more attention to this problem than teachers. In fact, teachers' guidance on students' extracurricular reading is not only desirable, but also necessary, and it is a link that guests can't ignore.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion and suggestion
Through this survey, we have a preliminary understanding of the current situation of extracurricular reading in middle schools:
(1) All kinds of books have a certain influence on students, but people still focus on interesting books such as detective, animation and martial arts.
(2) Because of gender and age differences, the differences in book selection still exist, but relatively speaking, the latter makes the differences more obvious.
(3) Most students have their own opinions on the choice of books, but the media plays an important role.
(4) Some teachers pay attention to students' extracurricular reading, but there is a certain distance from the expected situation.
Based on the above conclusions, we put forward four suggestions:
(1) While fully implementing the "burden reduction" policy, we advocate expanding extracurricular reading, absorbing knowledge in all directions and broadening our horizons.
(2) Strengthen media publicity and regularly recommend some fashion books to middle school students to play a guiding role.
(3) Strengthen education in this field within the school, such as conducting extracurricular reading elective courses, symposiums and other activities. In this way, teachers and students can exchange ideas and communicate with each other.
(4) We can consider compiling some popular works into teaching materials to explore new ideas of entertaining.