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What's the difference between quince and pear? I think quince looks like a pear and tastes similar. What's the difference between them?
Bo Wen

Chinese pinyin wēn po wēnpó

The fruit of a tree (Cydonia oblonga) is a bit like a big yellow apple, except that each carpel has many seeds and the pulp is sour. Its seeds contain gum, which can be used as glue.

Sophisticated trees are usually used as dwarfing rootstocks of pear trees.

Alias pear

Rosaceae

Papaya

Distribution: Central Asia and China were introduced very early.

Small deciduous trees. Young branches have fluff. Leaves ovate or oblong, dark green on the surface, densely villous on the back. Flowers solitary, white or pink. Pear-shaped, yellow fragrance. The flowering period is April-May. I like light, but I can resist semi-yin. Strong adaptability and cold tolerance. The requirements for soil are not strict, and it can be cultivated in places with good drainage. It can be propagated by sowing, cutting or layering. Transplanting should be done after defoliation or before germination. Generally, small seedlings need to stay in the soil, and big seedlings need to bring soil balls. The budding power is still very strong and can be pruned. The main pests are giant salamander, moth and aphid. The leaves are sparse, the flowers are pink, just like the morning glow, the fruit is yellow and fragrant. Suitable for viewing behind the vestibule of an isolation hospital. Seedling can be used as dwarf rootstock of pear, papaya and apple, and grafting loquat can enhance the cold resistance in the early stage. Fruit can be used medicinally.

* * * There is a perfume called "Quincy" in Dmitry's odor library.

Tastes like green apples, but lighter and clearer than green apples; Bring a little lime. Delicate and pleasant, with a long and outstanding aftertaste.

This is a very attractive fragrance.

pear

printing block

pear

Pear is a perennial deciduous fruit tree in Rosaceae, with oval leaves, white flowers and juicy and edible fruit. Harvest the fruit when it is ripe in August and September, and use it fresh or slice it to dry. The main varieties are Qiuzi pear, Pak Lei pear, Shali pear and Liyang pear, which are mainly distributed in North China, Northeast China, Northwest China and the Yangtze River valley.

Chinese name: pear

Field: the field of plants

Door: angiosperm magnolia door

Class: Subclass Dicotyledonous Magnolia

Objective: Rosa of Rosaceae.

Family: Rosaceae

Subfamily: Apple subfamily.

Genus: Pyrus

catalogue

history

classify

Growth habit

morphological character

Variety classification

Distribution area

economic meaning

nutritive value

launch

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history

pear

People in China have a long history of eating pears. In ancient times, it was called honey father, fast fruit, jade milk, etc., also known as "Baiguo School". There are many varieties of pears, with different origins and characteristics, such as Laiyang pear in Shandong, Korla pear in Xinjiang, Sydney in Tianjin, dangshan pear in Anhui, Xuehua pear in Zhao County, Hebei Province, Crystal pear in Japan, Beer pear in Australia and so on. Since ancient times, China has had an allusion of "Kong Rong makes pears grow" and "pushing pears to make dates grow", and there is also a good sentence in "Singing Pears" that "looking for incense and remembering Joan as a tree, knowing jade because of thirst has marrow". Legend has it that the mother of Kevin·Z, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, coughed for a long time and was afraid of the bitter taste of traditional Chinese medicine. Wei Zhi added pear and sugar to Chinese medicine to make pear milk candy, which was sweet and delicious, and finally cured the cough. Pear toffee has also become another example of ancient people's diet.

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classify

According to botanical classification, pears belong to Rosaceae. Pears are cold. Speaking of the problem of pear coldness, more in-depth research shows that different kinds of pears have different degrees of coldness. For example, Tianya pear, which we often eat, is almost as cool as small and exquisite fragrant pear and larger tribute pear, while thick-skinned sand pear and imported beer pear are even cooler. China is one of the cradles of Pyrus, and most pears in Asia originated from East Asia and Japan.

pear

And South Korea are also the origins of Asian pears. Pears cultivated in China, sand pears and pears are all native to China. Pear has the functions of lowering blood pressure, clearing away heat and lowering temperature. Pear skin, leaves, flowers and roots can also be used as medicine, which has the functions of moistening lung and resolving phlegm, clearing away heat and detoxifying. Pear is the "Sect of Hundred Fruits", which is also called "natural mineral water" because it is fresh, sweaty, sweet and sour.

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Growth habit

Pear trees are very adaptable to soil.

pear

Strong, regardless of mountains, hills, deserts, depressions, saline-alkali land, red soil, can grow and bear fruit. Under general cultivation and management conditions, high yield can be obtained.

Pear trees have long life and long economic utilization period. There are many large trees in the pear areas in the north and south of China, with the age of 100- 150 years, lush foliage and numerous fruits, and some individual trees can reach more than 1000- 1500 kg. Pear belongs to Qiuzi pear with strong cold resistance, and most of its cultivated varieties can tolerate the low temperature of -30℃, such as Xiaoxiangshan, Mali, Balixiang and Gai Hua. The cold resistance of Pak Lei can also reach the low temperature of -23-25℃. Pear trees are particularly resistant to waterlogging. According to research, they can endure 9 days in stagnant water without oxygen, second only to grapes.

Pear root system is developed, the vertical root depth can reach more than 2-3m, and the horizontal root is widely distributed, which is about twice the crown width. Pear has a strong sense of dryness and obvious layering. Early fruiting and long fruiting period, some varieties begin to bear fruit in 2-3 years, and the complete fruiting period can reach more than 50 years. Most pear varieties bloom first and then spread their leaves, and a few varieties have flowers and leaves open at the same time or spread their leaves first and then bloom. After the pear pollen is fertilized, the fruit begins to develop, the receptacle develops into flesh, the ovary develops into nucleus, and the ovule develops into seed. In the process of fruit growth and development, the early stage is mainly cell division and tissue differentiation, and the later stage is cell expansion and pulp maturity. The fruit volume growth curve is S-shaped. The root growth of pear has two growth peaks every year: the first growth peak appears when the new shoots stop growing; The second peak appeared in September-10. Under suitable conditions, pear roots can grow all year round without dormancy.

Pear trees are widely distributed, so their phenological periods are very different. As far as flowering period is concerned, Huili and pear trees in Sichuan generally bloom in the first half of February, and Yanbian in Jilin blooms in mid-May. Yali pear bloomed in Changsha, Hunan Province in early March and in Beizhen, Liaoning Province in early May, with a difference of nearly two months. Pear trees cultivated in the same area have different phenological periods due to different species and varieties. From germination to flowering, pear is the earliest, pear is a little later, sand pear is later than pear, and western pear is the latest, with a variation range of about 10 day. Requirements for environmental conditions:

① temperature. Pear trees like temperature, which requires higher temperature for growth and lower temperature for dormancy. The suitable annual average temperature of pear trees is 4- 12℃ for Qiuzi pear, 7- 15℃ for Pak Lei and Xiyang pear, and 13-2 1℃ for Shali pear. When the soil temperature reaches above 0.5℃, the roots begin to move, and new roots grow at 6-7℃; When the temperature is above 30℃ or below 0℃, the growth will stop. When the temperature is above 5℃, pear buds begin to germinate, when the temperature is above 14℃, they can blossom, and when the temperature is above 14℃, the flowering is accelerated. Pears have different cold tolerance. Qiuzi pear, which originated in northeast China, is extremely cold-resistant, and its wild species can tolerate -52℃ and its cultivated species can tolerate -30-35℃. Pak Lei class can withstand-23-25℃; Sand pear and sand pear can tolerate about -20℃. The critical freezing temperatures of pear organs in Laiyang, Shandong Province are -5℃ in bud stage, -3.5℃ in inflorescence separation stage,-1.5-2℃ in flowering stage and-1.5℃ in flowering stage.

② illumination. Pear tree is a high-gloss fruit tree. The annual sunshine demand is between 1600- 1700 hours. The light compensation point of pear leaves is about 1 100 lux (lx), and the light saturation point is about 54,000 lux (lx).

3 moisture. Pear trees need more water to grow. The transpiration coefficient is 284-40 1, and the transpiration water per square meter of leaf area is about 40g. If it is lower than 10g, it will cause harm. Qiuzi pear, Pak Lei pear and Xiyang pear have poor moisture tolerance, while Shali pear has strong moisture tolerance. In sandy loam, when the soil water content is 15-20%, it is suitable for root growth, and when it is reduced to 12%, the root growth is inhibited.

④ Soil. Pear trees have strong adaptability to soil, and sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose soil, good air permeability and water retention and low groundwater level is the most suitable. Pear trees have wide adaptability to soil acidity and alkalinity, and can grow normally in the range of pH 5-8.5, and pH5.8-7 is the most suitable. Pear trees also have strong salt and alkali tolerance. When the soil salt content is below 0.2%, it grows normally. When it reaches more than 0.3%, the root system grows poorly and the growth is obviously poor. Generally speaking, Du pear requires partial alkali, while Sha pear and Dou pear require partial acid.

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morphological character

The trunk of a pear tree has bright bark at the young tree stage.

pear

Slippery, the bark thickens with the increase of tree age, and cracks or peels off longitudinally. The shoots are hairless or have fine hairs, and then fall off; Branches over 2 years old are grayish yellow or even purplish brown. Winter buds are covered with tile-like scales, generally11-kloc-0/8. Flower buds are plump, brownish red or reddish brown, slightly shiny, and generally mixed buds; The leaf buds are small, sharp and brown. Simple leaves, alternate, serrated, stipules fall off early, tender leaves are green or red, and turn green after unfolding; The leaves are mostly oval or rectangular, and the petioles are different in length. The flowers are corymbose, bisexual, and the petals are nearly round or broadly oval. Cultivars have 3-5 styles, 3-5 chambers, and each chamber has 2 ovules. Fruits are round, oblate, oval and spoon-shaped. There are two kinds of peels: yellow or brown, and some of the yellow varieties are red; The fruit stalks of Qiuzi pear and Xiyang pear are thicker and shorter, while those of Pak Lei Shali pear and Xinjiang pear are generally longer. There are stone cells in the pulp and cartilage in the endocarp; Seeds dark brown or nearly black.

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Variety classification

Pear varieties cultivated in China are mainly divided into

pear

It belongs to Qiuzi pear, Pak Lei pear, Shali pear and Liyang pear. There are many kinds and complete varieties, and all pear areas in the north and south have complete varieties and different maturity, which are suitable for cultivation in various regions. Qiuzi pear is mainly produced in Liaoning, Jilin, northern Hebei, Gansu Longzhong and Hexi Corridor. To the north of the Yangtze River valley, all the way to the Great Wall of Hebei and western Liaoning, the varieties of Pak Lei are dominant. Pear varieties are distributed in various provinces and regions south of the Yangtze River Basin. Pear varieties are mainly distributed in Jiaodong, Shandong, Dalian, Liaoning and the old course of the Yellow River, and the cultivation area is very small.

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Distribution area

Qiuzi pear is distributed in North China and Northeast provinces, and its fruit is round or oblate. Excellent varieties are Jing Pak Lei in Beijing and Nanguo pear in Liaoning. Pak Lei is mainly distributed in North China, and its fruits are upside down.

pear

Oval. Yali pear, Xuehua pear, QiuPak Lei pear and Honey pear in Hebei, avocado in Shanxi and Rosa roxburghii in Laiyang, Shandong. Pears are distributed in the Yangtze River valley and Huaihe River valley, with nearly round fruit and green or brown skin. The famous variety is Dangshan crisp pear in Anhui. Pears are widely planted in Yantai, Shandong Province and Dalian, Liaoning Province, with gourd-shaped or round fruits. After ripening, the pulp is crisp, tender and juicy, with few stone cells and rich flavor.

The provinces with the largest pear production in China are Hebei, Shandong, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Sichuan and Yunnan. The main pear producing area is Yantai, Shandong Province, and the cultivated varieties are Huangxian Changba pear, Qixia Dashuixiang pear, Laiyang Rosa roxburghii, Laixi Crystal pear and Xiangshui pear. In Handan, Shijiazhuang and Xingtai, Hebei Province, the main varieties are Yali pear and Xuehua pear; Liaoning Suizhong, Beizhen, Yixian, Jinxi, Fuxin and other landlords produce autumn Pak Lei, Yali and Qiu Zi.

Some varieties of pear; Anhui Dangshan and its surrounding areas are crisp pear producing areas; Gaoping, Shanxi is the producing area of huanghuali, and Yuanping mainly produces huanghuali and avocado. Lanzhou, Gansu Province is famous for producing winter pears. Sichuan Jinchuan Sydney and Xi Juan Pear; Korla fragrant pears and crisp pears in Xinjiang, and western pears in Yantai and Dalian are also well-known at home and abroad. The cultivation area and yield of pears in China are second only to apples. Hebei, Shandong and Liaoning provinces are the concentrated pear producing areas in China, accounting for about half of the cultivation area and 60% of the output, of which Hebei Province accounts for about 1/3 of the whole country.

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economic meaning

Fresh pear fruit

pear

The meat is crisp, tender and juicy, sweet and sour, and the flavor is fragrant. Rich in sugar, protein, fat, carbohydrates and vitamins, it plays an important role in human health. Pear fruit can also be processed into dried pear, preserved pear, pear sauce, pear juice, canned pear and so on. It can also be used to make wine and vinegar. Pear fruit also has medicinal value, which can help digestion, moisten the lungs and clear the heart, eliminate phlegm and relieve cough, clear away heat and toxic materials and produce sores, and also has the function of diuresis and moistening stool. Pear wood is fine and moderate in hardness, and it is the raw material for carving seals and high-grade furniture. Zhaozhou Sydney is a specialty of Zhaoxian County, with a long cultivation history, which can be traced back to 1700 years ago. As early as the Qin and Han dynasties, it was selected as a court tribute by successive dynasties. Named for its white meat as jade and frosty as snow, the history contains: Zhaozhou Imperial Pear, which is said to be "as big as a fist, as sweet as honey, as crisp as a diamond". Its fruit is big and round, with thin skin and thick flesh, beautiful color, juicy and sweet, just like Zhao Zhouqiao. The single fruit weight of Zhaozhou Sydney is generally about 400g, with a maximum of 1900g and a sugar content of 12- 14% and a maximum of 16.5%. Sydney is rich in nutrition, containing a variety of organic acids, protein, minerals and vitamins. Besides fresh food, it can also be processed into canned food.

The income of many pear producing areas in China has become the main way for farmers to get rich and the pillar industry of local national economic income. Therefore, the production and development of pear trees are of great significance to improving the living standards of farmers and promoting agricultural development in China.

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nutritive value

Pears contain a lot of protein and fat.

pear

Fat, calcium, phosphorus, iron and glucose, fructose, malic acid, carotene and multivitamins. Pear is also a good medicine for treating diseases. Steamed pear with rock sugar is a popular product for relieving asthma and cough, and "pear cream candy" is famous at home and abroad. Pears also have the functions of lowering blood pressure, clearing away heat and cooling down, so it is of great benefit for patients with high blood pressure and heart disease to eat pears. In addition, pear skin, pear leaves, flowers and roots can also be used as medicine, which has the effects of moistening lung and resolving phlegm, clearing away heat and detoxifying. Pear is rich in B vitamins, which can protect the heart, reduce fatigue, enhance myocardial vitality and lower blood pressure. Pear contains sugar and tannic acid, which can eliminate phlegm and relieve cough and maintain the throat; Pears contain more carbohydrates and vitamins, which are easily absorbed by the human body, stimulate appetite and protect the liver. Pears are cool and can clear away heat and soothe the nerves. Regular consumption can make blood pressure return to normal and improve dizziness and other symptoms. Eating pears can prevent atherosclerosis and inhibit the formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines, thus preventing cancer. Pear has a high pectin content, which helps digestion and defecation.

1. Pear is rich in B vitamins, which can protect the heart, reduce fatigue, enhance myocardial vitality and lower blood pressure;

2. The sugar, tannic acid and other ingredients contained in pears can relieve phlegm and cough, and have a maintenance effect on the throat;

3. Pears contain more carbohydrates and vitamins, which are easily absorbed by the human body, stimulate appetite and protect the liver;

4. Pears are cool and can clear away heat and soothe the nerves. Regular eating can make blood pressure return to normal and improve dizziness and other symptoms;

5. Eating pears can prevent atherosclerosis and inhibit the formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines, thus preventing cancer.

6. Pear has high pectin content, which is helpful for digestion and defecation.