The chemical essence of 1. translation is that a single amino acid is dehydrated and condensed to form a peptide chain, which requires the participation of many enzymes.
2. In biochemistry, many reactions that form biological macromolecules are formed by condensation of water. Take the most common protein formation as an example: the carboxyl group of one amino acid molecule, namely -COOH, is connected with the amino group of another amino acid molecule, namely -NH2, and at the same time, one molecule of water is lost. This combination is called dehydration condensation.
To sum up, it can be seen that the formation of peptide bonds in the process of translation requires the removal of a -OH on the hydroxyl group and a -H on the amino group, and the combination of the two removes a water molecule, thus producing water.
Extended data:
Explain in detail the translation process in gene expression;
The process of translation can be roughly divided into three stages: beginning, extension and termination. Translation is mainly carried out in ribosomes in cytoplasm, and amino acid molecules are combined with specific transport -tRNA and brought to ribosomes under the catalysis of aminoacyl-trna synthetase.
The free base takes mRNA as the direct template, tRNA as the carrier of amino acids, and ribosomes as the assembly place, which coordinate with each other to complete the process of protein biosynthesis. In the process of translation, each triplet codon on mRNA corresponds to a triplet anticodon on tRNA, which corresponds to only one amino acid, but an amino acid can be represented by multiple groups of codons.
The activated tRNA enters the A position of the ribosome to match the mRNA, and the peptidyl transferase establishes a peptide bond between adjacent amino acids, and then the amino acid at the donor position leaves its tRNA to combine with the tRNA at the A position, and the ribosome slides forward relative to the mRNA.
The original tRNA at position A moves to the donor site, and the empty tRNA at the donor site moves to the release site, and then is released before the next tRNA enters position A. ..
When the ribosome moves to position A along the mRNA molecule and the stop codon appears, there is no corresponding aminoacyl tRNA. One release factor binds to the stop codon and the A position of ribosome, and the other release factor binds to it, which changes the specificity of peptidyltransferase and catalyzes the hydrolysis of P-peptidyl tRNA, thus releasing the peptide chain from ribosome.
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