Autumn extension watermelon is an important source to supplement the shortage of watermelon in the market around Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day. Autumn extension watermelon has the advantages of excellent quality, good taste, low investment and high benefit. Its cultivation techniques are as follows.
1, site selection and soil preparation. It is best to choose sandy loam with fertile soil, slightly higher terrain and slope, convenient irrigation and drainage, and no melon crops. The last crop should be ploughed in time after harvest, and 2000-2500 kg of organic fertilizer or soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 30 kg of urea and 30 kg of potassium sulfate should be used as base fertilizer per mu. Sprinkle people to turn over the sun-dried ground and rake up the carriage. The width of the carriage is 60~70 cm, and the height of the carriage is 15~20 cm.
2. Choose good varieties. Choose varieties with early maturity, disease resistance, high temperature resistance, high humidity and transportation resistance. Admiralty Guanlong, Xin Jing No.1, Afu watermelon and seedless watermelon are more suitable for planting in the south.
3. Sow and plant in time. In order to be listed during Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day. Generally, seeds are sown around July 20~25, and transplanted and planted in mid-August. (1) Soak seeds to accelerate germination. Dry the seeds for two hours before soaking, and then soak them in water at 30 degrees Celsius for four hours. When fishing, rub the seed epidermis clean, drain the water and put it in the environment of 25~30~C to accelerate germination. (2) cultivate strong seedlings. The seedbed is 80 cm wide, and the seedlings are cultivated in nutrient cups with the specification of 10 cm. Preparation of nutrient soil: 6 parts of nutrient soil per square meter, 4 parts of high-quality decomposed cattle and pig manure, 0.5 kg of urea, 0.5 kg of diammonium and 0.5 kg of potassium sulfate, fully mixed and put into a human nutrition cup before sowing. In order to ensure the high survival rate of seedlings, small arch shed is used to cover weeds to prevent rain and sun exposure. (3) Colonization. Planting in the field in early and middle August, with row spacing 1.6m, plant spacing of 0.4-0.5m and 800-900 plants per mu. Covering with plastic film after planting can improve the microclimate in the field and play the role of drought prevention and shading.
4. Strengthen on-site management. Its autumn extension watermelon has a short growth time and high speed, so the following points should be paid attention to in management.
(1) vine pruning. Trim with 2-3 vines, leave 1-2 strong lateral vines at the base of the main vine, and remove all the other melons and vines. When pruning, do not pinch with your hands, but use scissors stained with Tobuzin solution to prevent disease infection.
(2) Artificial pollination. The flowering and pollination of autumn extension watermelon is in rainy season or dry season, and the female flower node is low, so it is not easy to bear melons. Artificial pollination can improve the fruit setting rate. Pollination time should be 6-9 am, and the pollination time should be marked when picking melons for identification.
(3) timely control of pests and diseases. Autumn watermelon is a season with many high temperature pests and diseases, and the common diseases are anthracnose, epidemic disease, downy mildew, Fusarium wilt and virus disease. Adopt high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides to control anthracnose, and spray 200 times of 2% nongkang 120 aqueous solution to control anthracnose; Use 70% ethyl phosphate, 500 times solution of aluminum, manganese and zinc to control epidemic diseases; Control downy mildew with 800 times solution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder; Control Fusarium wilt with 10% shuangxiaoling 200 times solution; Using 800 times of 1.5% phytosanitary emulsion or virus A to control viral diseases, spraying 2000 times of 40% dimethoate EC or 6000 times of 2 1% mirex EC can control aphids, silkworm moths and other pests.
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Teach you to recognize watermelon seeds
The quality of watermelon seeds is the basis of high yield, high quality and high efficiency. In order to ensure that melon farmers buy good quality watermelon seeds, please pay attention to the following aspects when buying watermelon seeds.
Purity refers to the percentage of tested seeds that meet the characteristics of the variety. In other words, the higher the percentage, the better the seed quality.
Cleanliness refers to the percentage of the weight of pure seeds to the weight of all tested seeds except inclusions. thousand-grain weight
1000-grain weight refers to the weight of 1000 watermelon seeds. The 1000-grain weight of different varieties is different, but the 1000-grain weight of seeds of the same variety is basically determined. Under the condition of standard water content, the 1000-grain weight of seeds reflects the fullness of seeds, and the seeds with high 1000-grain weight have good quality. water content
Seed water content has a great influence on seed life and storage life. The water content of seeds stored at room temperature should be kept below 12%- 14%. In other words, the lower the water content, the higher the seed quality.
germination percentage
Seed germination rate refers to the percentage of all normal germinated seeds in the final stage of germination test within the specified date. Germination rate (%) = number of all germinated seeds/number of experimental seeds within the specified date × 100, and germination rate is one of the bases for determining sowing amount. The germination rate of primary seeds is not less than 95%, and the germination rate of secondary seeds is 80%.
What should we pay attention to in watermelon field regulation?
The first is to disinfect the soil. Watermelon fields can be disinfected by spraying 3-5g 1 m2 of dijunling or 0/00kg of quicklime (both methods are ploughing after sowing, so that the medicine and soil are mixed evenly, and quicklime cannot be used year after year). In fields with more pests, soil pesticides can be sown or sprayed everywhere in the fields.
The second is to re-apply base fertilizer. The optional formula of base fertilizer is: 3000 kg of farm manure, 0/00 kg of phosphate fertilizer/kloc and 40 kg of potassium sulfate; Or 3000 kg of chicken and duck manure (used after fresh manure is fermented), 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 30 kg of potassium sulfate.
The third is the whole field. After the fertilizer is evenly mixed into the soil, the warehouse (ditch) is opened at 2.5-3.5 meters. If intercropping, leave1.3m and1.3m other vegetables on the melon road. In this way, the amount of base fertilizer for watermelon and melon road will be halved. If there is no potassium sulfate, it can be replaced by potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu 10 kg, and the effect is better. Then before planting, turn the fertilized melon road evenly and thinly, make a compartment, make a ditch more than 20 cm deep, and make a ditch (the ditch should be 30 cm until the rain stops)
The fourth is to weed with chemicals. Because of the large area of watermelon, manual weeding is very troublesome. The results showed that the following herbicides were effective by spraying and sealing the soil before plastic film mulching: trifluralin and Tol were quite effective for Gramineae and Portulaca oleracea, dipyridamole was effective for Cyperus sedge, and diquat was effective for Gramineae and Cyperus sedge.
How does watermelon control pests and diseases?
Watermelon diseases mainly include damping-off, damping-off, Fusarium wilt, powdery mildew, anthracnose and so on. If you suffer from Rhizoctonia solani, you can disinfect the seedbed with carbendazim and Luheng 1. If you suffer from Fusarium wilt, you can use 15% watermelon continuous cropping agent 1No. to water the roots with 300-350 times of liquid. 0.5 kg each time, when planting 3-4 real leaves, the control effect is good; If it is powdery mildew and anthracnose, chlorothalonil, thiophanate, fenxiuling and other drugs can be used alternately.
Watermelon pests mainly include bedbugs, aphids, ladybugs, root maggots and red spiders. The control agent can be avermectin, dichlorvos, diphacinone, etc. Root maggots can be irrigated with trichlorfon. Advocate the installation of insecticidal lamps and yellow boards to trap and kill, and carry out physical control.
It is worth mentioning that root-knot nematode disease is very serious now, and there are outbreaks in many areas. Root-knot nematodes mainly infect plants at seedling stage, which is very harmful. Therefore, the seedbed must choose plots without root-knot nematodes. If nematodes are found after the seedlings are planted, the roots can be irrigated with avermectin such as 1% acaricide 2000 times and 1.8% avermectin 3000 times. In the field, phoxim, Mi Le, carbofuran, diazinon, chlorpyrifos and other chemicals can be used for soil preparation.
Watermelon is hot, extremely cold-resistant, big and thick-skinned, but it is not resistant to storage. Watermelon is sensitive to low temperature and stored below 9.5℃.
Have cold symptoms; However, when stored at high temperature, the sugar content decreases and then rots.