Common punctuation marks are 16, which are divided into dot and label. The role of dots is punctuation, which mainly indicates the pause and tone when speaking. There are seven kinds of dots * * *, and the function of labels is to indicate, mainly indicating the nature and function of statements. There are nine common labels. (See table below)

Point label type

Name period question mark exclamation point colon semicolon comma pause quotation mark

Dash bracket ellipsis title accent space hyphen proper name

Symbol. ? ! : ; , 、 " "

' '

—— ( )

〔 〕

〈 〉 …… 《 》

〈 〉 .

— ~~~

comment

(2) Concept example

Punctuation marks are auxiliary symbols of written language and an organic part of written language, which are used to express pause, mood and the nature and function of words.

1 period

(1) The form of a period is ".". There is also a form of period, that is, the dot ".",which is generally used in scientific and technological literature.

(2) Pause at the end of the statement, with a full stop. For example, modesty makes people progress and pride makes people fall behind.

(3) At the end of the soothing imperative sentence, a period is also used. A moment, please.

Two question marks

(1) The question mark is in the form of "?" .

(2) pause at the end of the question, using the question. Go or not?

(3) The rhetorical question also ends with a period. Don't you know me?

3 exclamation point

(1) The exclamation point is in the form of "!" .

(2) pause at the end of the exclamatory sentence, with an exclamation point. How I want to see his old man!

(3) Exclamation marks are also used at the end of imperative sentences with strong tone. Get out of here!

(4) A rhetorical question with strong tone also ends with an exclamation point. I can't compare with him!

4 commas

(1) The comma is in the form of ","

(2) If there is a pause between the subject and the predicate in the sentence, use a comma.

For example, most of the stars we can see are stars.

(3) If there is a pause between the verb and the object in the sentence, use a comma.

For example, it should be noted that science needs a person to contribute his life's energy.

(4) If you need to pause after the adverbial in the sentence, use a comma. He is no stranger to this city.

(5) Pauses between clauses in complex sentences should use commas, except sometimes semicolons.

For example, it is said that there are more than 100 gardens in Suzhou, but I have been to more than a dozen.

Fifth place

(1) The form of pause is ",".

(2) Pause between coordinate words in a sentence.

For example, Amazon River, Nile River, Mississippi River and Yangtze River are the four major rivers in the world.

6-branch

The form of (1) semicolon is ";" .

(2) Pause between coordinate clauses in complex sentences, using semicolons.

For example, in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, Qutang Gorge is like a sluice, and the gorge is dangerous; Martial arts is like a winding gallery. Every song and every turn is like an excellent landscape painting, magical and beautiful. The water in Xiling Gorge is very dangerous, and there are rapids and dangerous beaches everywhere.

(3) Multiple complex sentences with non-coordinate relationship (such as turning relationship, causality, etc.). ) semicolons should also be used between the front and back parts of the first layer.

For example, citizens who have reached the age of 18 in China have the right to vote and stand for election, regardless of nationality, race, sex, occupation, family background, religious belief, education level, property status and length of residence; Except those who are deprived of political rights according to law.

(4) Semicolons can also be used between items listed in branches.

For example, the administrative divisions of People's Republic of China (PRC) are as follows:

(1) The whole country is divided into provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government;

(2) Provinces and autonomous regions are divided into autonomous prefectures, counties, autonomous counties and cities;

(3) Counties and autonomous counties are townships, nationality townships and towns.

7 colon

(1) The colon is in the form of ":".

(2) Used after salutation, it means to mention the following. Comrades and friends, the meeting begins now.

(3) After the words "say, think, yes, prove, announce, point out and disclose, for example, the following", it means to mention the following. For example, he was surprised and said, "Ah, it's you!" !

(4) Used after the general discussion, it indicates that the following discussion is caused.

For example, the Forbidden City in Beijing has four gates: the Wumen Gate, the Shenwu Gate, the Donghuamen Gate and the Xihuamen Gate.

(5) Used after a word that needs to be explained, indicating that it leads to an explanation or explanation.

For example: Foreign Language Book Fair.

Date: 65438+1Oct. 20th to165438+1Oct.

Time: 8 a.m. to 4 p.m.

Venue: No.0/6, Gongti East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing

Organizer: China Book Import and Export Corporation.

(6) General discussion can also be summarized by colons.

For example: the return of Hong Kong and Macao to the motherland; Beijing's successful Olympic bid; Shanghai will also host the World Expo: our country is becoming increasingly prosperous.

8 quotation marks

(1) quotes are double quotes and single quotes.

(2) If it is directly quoted in the text, it shall be marked with quotation marks.

For example: a) Einstein said: "Imagination is more important than knowledge, because knowledge is limited, and imagination examines everything in the world and promotes progress, which is the source of knowledge evolution."

B) The horse painted by modern painter Xu Beihong is, as some critics have said, "full of vigor and vitality".

(3) The objects to be emphasized are marked with quotation marks.

For example, the ancients had a basic requirement for writing articles, which was called "orderly things". "Having something" means having content, and "having order" means being organized.

(4) Words with special meanings are also marked with quotation marks.

For example: a) Looking up from the foot of the mountain, I saw that the torches were arranged in many zigzag shapes, stretching all the way to the sky, connected with the stars, and I couldn't tell whether they were torches or stars. B) It is better to have fewer such "smart people".

(5) When quotation marks are used in quotation marks, double quotation marks are used in the outer layer and single quotation marks are used in the inner layer. For example:

He stood up and asked, "Teacher, what does the word' orderly' mean?"

9 brackets

The common form of (1) brackets is the bracket "()". In addition, there are square brackets, hexagonal brackets and square brackets.

(2) The explanatory words in the text are expressed in brackets. Annotate a word in a sentence, including the annotation immediately after the annotation word; Annotate the whole sentence, including the comments after punctuation marks at the end of the sentence.

For example, the discovery of Chinese ape-man (full name "Chinese ape-man Beijing species", referred to as "Peking man") in China is a great contribution to paleoanthropology.

10 dashed line

(1) The form of the dash is "-".

(2) The explanations in this paper are indicated by dashes.

For example, for the happiness of the whole people, including ourselves, each of us should be conscientious and work hard.

(3) Sudden changes in the topic are indicated by dashes.

For example, "It's so hot today! -When are you going to Shanghai? " Zhang Qiang said to Wang who just entered the door.

(4) the sound is long, and a dash is used after the sound word. For example, the train started.

(5) Items shall be listed separately, and each item shall be preceded by a dash.

For example, according to the different research objects, environmental physics is divided into the following five sub-disciplines:

Environmental acoustics;

-Environmental optics;

-Ambient heat;

-Environmental electromagnetism;

-Ambient aerodynamics;

1 1 ellipsis

(1) The ellipsis is in the form of "……", with six dots, occupying the position of two words. If it is an omission of a whole paragraph or a line, it can be represented by twelve points.

(2) Omission of quotations is indicated by ellipsis.

For example, she gently hummed a lullaby: "The moon is bright, the wind is calm, and the leaves cover the window lattice ..."

(3) The ellipsis listed is marked with ellipsis.

For example, in the flower market in Guangzhou, peonies, bells, daffodils, plum blossoms, chrysanthemums, camellia, orchids … flowers in spring, summer, autumn and winter are crowded together!

(4) Intermittent speeches can be marked with ellipsis.

For example, "I'm ... sorry ... everyone, I ... don't ... finish the task."

12 bullet

The form of (1) bullet is ".".

(2) Words, phrases and sentences that need readers' special attention are marked with bullets.

For example, business is done, not blown out.

13 connection number

The (1) hyphen is in the form of "-",which occupies the position of a word. There are three forms of ligatures, namely "-"(the length of two words), "-"(the length of half a word) and "~" (the length of one word).

(2) Two related nouns form a unit of meaning with a hyphen in the middle.

For example, the area north of Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains in China belongs to temperate monsoon climate zone, with high temperature and rainy summer and cold and dry winter.

(3) The number of connections between relevant time, place or figures indicates the beginning and the end.

For example, the Kyoho grape planted in Liyuan Township has entered a high-yield period this year, with an yield of 1000 kg ~ 1500 kg per mu.

(4) Between related letters and Arabic numerals. , the connection number is used to indicate the product model.

For example, in the Pacific region, in addition to the HAW-4 and TPC-3 submarine cables that have been built and put into use, there are also TPC-4 submarine cables in operation.

(5) Several related projects indicate gradual development, with hyphens in the middle.

For example, human development can be divided into four stages: ape-ape-man-ancient man-new man.

14 interval number

The form of (1) interval number is "?" .

(2) The boundaries between foreigners' names and the names of some ethnic minorities are marked with spaces.

For example: Leonardo? Da? Sparrows

(3) The boundary between the title of the book and the title of the article (chapter or volume) is marked with a space symbol.

For example: Encyclopedia of China? Physics, The Three Kingdoms? Shu zhi? Zhugeliangchuan

15 title

(1) titles are in the form of double titles and single titles.

(2) the title of the book, article, newspaper, publication, etc. , are marked with the title of the book.

A) The author of A Dream of Red Mansions is Cao Xueqin. His article was published in People's Daily.

(3) When using book titles internally, the outer layer uses double book titles and the inner layer uses single book titles.

For example, the preface of China Workers was published on February 7th, 1940.

16 proper name

(1) proper names are in the form of "-".

(2) Names of people, places and dynasties are marked with proper names.

For example, a Sima Xiangru native, from Chengdu, Han and Shu counties, was named Changqing.

(3) Proper names are only used in ancient books or some literary and historical works. In order to match proper names, the titles of such works can use wavy lines "~ ~ ~ ~".

For example, Qu Yuan was exiled, but he was given Li Sao. Zuo Qiu was blind and Mandarin was lost.

~~~~ ~~~~

◆ The position of punctuation marks

1 period, question mark, exclamation point, comma, pause, semicolon and colon generally occupy the position of a word, which is lower to the left and does not appear at the beginning of the line.

Quotes, brackets and the first half of the title of a book do not appear at the end of a line, and the second half does not appear at the beginning of a line.

3 dashes and ellipsis occupy the position of two words and cannot be broken in the middle. Connectors and separators generally occupy the position of a word. These four symbols are centered up and down.

The words are marked with bullets, proper names and wavy titles, which can be moved with the words.

5 the difference between punctuation in vertical and horizontal manuscripts.

7 period, question mark, exclamation point, comma, pause, semicolon and colon are placed on the right side of the word.

8 dashes, ellipses, hyphens and spaces are placed in the middle of words.

9 quotes changed to double quotes and single quotes.

10 bullets are marked on the right side of the word, and proper names and wavy lines are marked on the left side of the word.

(c) Analyze the common (incorrect) usage of several punctuation methods.

[1], question mark

Common mistakes in question marks are:

1, with question marks for non-interrogative questions.

(1) After the news came out that an overpass would be built in the west of the city, many people were very concerned about how this overpass would be built. What will happen to nearly a thousand trees there?

Question marks are only used when the whole sentence is in doubt, that is, people need to answer. Although some sentences contain interrogative words, the whole sentence expresses a declarative tone, and a period should be used at the end of the sentence instead of a question mark. This sentence should be preceded by a comma and followed by a period. )

2. Choose a question with a question mark.

Although multiple-choice questions include two or more choices, they are still just one question, so usually only one question mark is used at the end of the sentence.

(2) Did she become a beggar when she went out from her fourth uncle's house? Or go to the old lady's house first, and then be a beggar?

(3) Do you like Li Bai's poems? Or are you Du Like Fu's poems?

The first question mark of these two sentences should be changed to a comma. Adding a question mark to multiple-choice questions will be confused with linked questions. There are two ways to distinguish multiple-choice questions from linked questions: (1) Whether there is or can the related word "yes …" be added to the sentence. Only "Yes … or ……" can be used as a relative word to choose a question mark. Therefore, if there is a related word "yes, or" between clauses, or "yes, or" can be added, you can choose to ask, and you can only use a question mark at the end of the sentence. What can't be added is continuous questions, and every question should be put with a question mark. (2) Using the quasi-answer method, you need several answers to see a question. For example, if you only use one answer, you choose to ask. For example, if you need multiple answers, you need to ask them continuously. Try to read the following two sentences:

(4) Is it convenient by water or by land?

(5) Xifeng asked: How old is my sister? Have you ever been to school? What medicine are you taking now?

Example (3) is a multiple-choice question, and example (4) is a linked question.

Of course, there are also many question marks in the multiple-choice questions. Conditional, each option is too long, or needs to be emphasized, or consists of nouns. Example:

(6) Do you stand in front of them and lead them? Or stand behind them and criticize them? Or stand opposite them and oppose them? (Mao Zedong's investigation report on Hunan peasant movement)

What did she dream? Clinic? Stethoscope? Scalpel? Thermometer? (Lu's "Man to Middle Age")

3. When questions or interrogative words are used as sentence components, question marks are misused.

I don't know who can go through this road. But I must go on unswervingly.

Go and see if the bus has come.

(10) How to solve this problem?

(1 1) He is carefully studying where recognize voice came from. What's that black shadow?

(12) Is this adventure worth it? We can discuss it.

None of the above sentences can be put with question marks, but with commas or periods, because the questioning part is only an integral part of the sentence. Whether to put a question mark at the end of a sentence depends not only on whether there are interrogative words in the sentence, but also on whether the predicate verb of the sentence has interrogative tone. The predicate verbs "I don't know", "go and see", "study", "distinguish carefully" and "negotiable" in the above sentences have no interrogative tone. Pay attention to distinguish the following three sentences:

(13) Who is he?

(14) Do you know who he is?

I don't know who he is.

4. When using inverted sentences, the question mark is in the wrong position.

(16) "Will you go or not? My nephew. "

(17) What's the matter? you

Question marks in inverted sentences can only be used at the end of the sentence, and commas should be used in the sentence.

[2], colon

1, the colon is misused when "so-and-so" is used in the middle of the reference.

(1) "The bridge is about to open to traffic," he looked around the venue and said, "Please bite the bullet and make a final sprint."

"Thank you," said Xiao Wang. "I'll write to you."

When the speaker's speech is divided into two parts and placed before and after "XXX", only commas can be used after "XXX".

◆ If the word "so-and-so" is not quoted directly, but the general idea of "so-and-so" is relayed, a comma is usually used after "so-and-so". For example, when my girlfriend came back from a visit, she reported that she liked short-sleeved tight-fitting suits with short colored leather clothes best, which was very naive.

2. Misuse the colon after the word "Shuo" instead of speaking.

We only studied for a month. Who dares to say: I have a plenary session and don't have to study any more.

(4) China has developed an all-plastic car body, that is to say, the car body is all plastic, without a piece of steel.

"Who dares to say" and "that is to say" are the components of sentences, not quotations, so you can't use colons, you should use commas.

3. Ignore the prompt range of the colon. Because a colon represents a pause next to a period in a sentence, only a period can end the prompt range of the colon, so we should pay special attention to the prompt range.

(5) Mao Zedong has two poems: "Only heroes drive tigers and leopards, and no heroes fear bears."

4, the colon is at the end, and there is no colon in the short pause in the sentence.

(6) Three middle-aged writers in this province: Ye, Han Shaogong and Peng Jianming talked about the past together. (The colon should be managed to the end, but only three writers "Ye, Han Shaogong and Peng Jianming" can be managed here, and the last sentence "Let's talk about the past together" can't be managed. So the colon is changed into a dash, which plays a part in explanation. )

5. Colons cannot be used before some quotation marks (quotation marks are not independent).

(7) The officially established Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Geological Disasters: "Governments at all levels are responsible for the management of geological disasters caused by natural factors; Geological disasters caused by human factors shall be governed by the principle of whoever causes them. (This quotation is only used as a sentence component, and the colon is deleted. )

(8) 19 female college students won the championship seven times in a row in the program "Lucky 52", which aroused the curiosity of the media. Some asked her to talk about "how versatile", and some asked her "how to wear a few hats"; She can say anything she is asked to say ... ("Lucky 52" is not a title, so change the title into double quotation marks and remove the colon. )

6. The colon is repeated with the same ideogram.

(9) This paper analyzes the history and present situation of China's scientific development, and holds that the reasons why China failed to win the Nobel Prize in Natural Science in the past 50 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China are as follows: firstly, China's tradition of "attaching importance to skills but neglecting learning" has adversely affected the formulation of China's scientific and technological policies; Second, the investment in basic research is too low, which leads to insufficient development potential.

(The word "reason" is obviously digging up the root of the matter, so the following should directly point out the root cause; However, the sentence uses a colon that also means the explanation, which leads to the repetition of punctuation and words with the same meaning. )

7. You can't have two colons in the same sentence.

(10) At the beginning of the meeting, President Wang announced loudly: Today, there are two good news to tell you: First, the moral education work in our school has been praised by the province, and second, ... (A colon can only have one sentence. Use a comma after "everyone" in this sentence. )

8. If "so-and-so said" comes before the quotation, it is usually followed by a colon, and some people use commas. If "so-and-so said" follows the quotation, it should be followed by a period.

(1 1) My companion asked me to have a look. I said gloomily, "Forget it, don't look, you go."

(12) I said, "Dad, you go." (Zhu Ziqing's "Back")

(13) "What's wrong with making everyone laugh? I lost something. " He said.

[3] ellipsis

1. When enumerating, ellipsis is used with "etc" and "etc".

(1) After Diary of a Madman, Lu Xun published novels such as Hometown, Medicine and A Little Thing. (Delete ellipsis or the word "etc.")

2. Misuse of punctuation before and after ellipsis.

If the sentence before the ellipsis is incomplete, don't add any punctuation marks before the ellipsis, such as

There are countless shells on the beach, red, yellow, striped, ...

(3) "One, two, three, four ..." ("Seven matches") (remove the last comma)

If the sentence before the ellipsis is complete, then the ellipsis should be preceded by a period, a question mark or an exclamation point, for example

So you ran away with the box? ..... Run! ……

(5) What? ..... What happened? ..... How did this happen?

3. If ellipsis is used, no other points can be used after ellipsis.

(6) Kong Yiji whispered, "Break, fall, fall ……" His eyes seemed to beg the shopkeeper, so don't mention it again. (remove the period after quotation marks)

There is generally no punctuation mark after the ellipsis, because even the words are omitted, and it is meaningless to add punctuation marks.

If there are words after ellipsis, in order to show that these words are far away from ellipsis and the words before ellipsis, you can add a dot at the end of the sentence after ellipsis.

(5) At present, there is a long cultural trend in creation: short stories are close to novelettes, while novelettes are close to novels. What about the long one? One, two, three ... of course, there are long and excellent ones, but most of them don't need to be that long. There is indeed "water" to squeeze.

[4] brackets

1. brackets are misused in non-comment languages.

(1) Publishing House reminded mail-order recipients in the first quarter of 1997 that their names and detailed addresses must be clearly written on the money order (the postscript column of the money order indicates the purchased book title and album number). (97 years)

The words in brackets are used to annotate the previous words, and whether they are used properly depends on whether the words in brackets are in front of the comments. Where "the postscript column of the money order indicates the title and album number of the book purchased" is not marked with "detailed address", brackets should not be used, and a comma should be added after "address". )

2. The brackets are in the wrong position. The words in brackets are used to annotate some words or clauses in the sentence. This kind of bracket is called bracket. Parentheses in a sentence must be immediately after the annotated word or clause. If the words in brackets are used to annotate the whole sentence, they are called extra brackets. Parentheses should be placed after punctuation marks at the end of sentences, and punctuation marks are generally not used after parentheses.

(1) When writing an article, we should strive to "have no words in every sentence and no long words in the article". (White Stone Poems by Jiang Kui)

(3) There is no road on the ground. If there are more people walking, it will become a road (Lu Xun's hometown).

(If the text in brackets is part of a comment sentence, the brackets should be close to the content of the comment, for example, the period of the sentence (1) should be moved to the end of the bracket; If you are commenting on the whole sentence, you should put it outside the full stop, and the full stop of the sentence should be advanced to the end of the sentence. )

3. The sentences in brackets can use various punctuation marks as needed, but generally no punctuation marks are used at the end. If the ending is a period or an exclamation point, keep it, because if you remove it, you won't see the tone it expresses. Statements in brackets outside sentences may or may not have a period at the end of the sentence.

I'm very sorry for the late reply (too late! Please don't scold me.

(5) Nicholas Nikolai Gogol wrote "Patrol Press", which made the actor say "You laugh at yourself!" It is strange that China's translator deleted this extremely important sentence. )

[5] Pause

Pause means the smallest pause in a sentence, which is often used between juxtaposed words or phrases. However, the following misuse phenomena are prone to occur.

1. About (almost) several pauses have been misused.

(1) Three or four miles across the river is a shallow mountain, like a fine wave of microwave, with soft lines ... (Here, "three or four" is an approximate number, and there should be no pause. )

There is a pause between the juxtaposed figures.

(2) This task is completed by three or four classes. (As can be seen from "* * *", "34" is not a grade. You can't miss the timeout. )

3. Misuse of pauses between collective words.

(3) During the "clever plan" period, the relevant departments must close the fees charged by colleges and universities. ("University" is a collective word, which has been established and cannot be disconnected. Another example is workers, peasants and soldiers, vivid and touching, primary and secondary school students, and the third school of public security law. )

4. Do not consider the abuse at the content level.

(4) Middle school students from Hunan and Hubei, and college students from Guangxi and Yunnan came here to attend the winter camp. (The pause in Middle School Students in Guangxi should be changed to a comma. )

5. Misuse of pause between clauses.

(5) The water diversion project in Spring Festival travel rush and our province this year is heavy, difficult and large-scale. (97 years)

The words "heavy task", "difficult project" and "large scale" in this sentence are not the juxtaposition of components in the sentence, but the juxtaposition of three subject-predicate sentences, and commas should be used. The same is true when verb-object phrases are juxtaposed, such as "He often comes here to play chess, drink tea and listen to books". )

6. Misuse of pause after modal particles.

There are many flowers in the garden, such as begonia, roses, Milan ... colorful and fascinating. Add "ya", "ah" and "that" to nouns to make short sentences. Use commas and don't pause. )

7. Pause is repeated with conjunctions "and" and "or".

(7) The participants in this dragon boat race are Yongshun Flower Boat, Chenxi Red Boat and Yuanling Yellow Boat. If there are conjunctions "he", "he", "he" or "or" in the coordinate words, you can't use pause, because these conjunctions have already expressed the coordinate relationship, and pause also means the coordinate relationship. Conjunctions such as "he" are generally used between coordinate words with only two items or between the last two items of multiple coordinate words. )

8. When there is compound sentence in compound sentence, the pause in the Greater compound sentence is a comma, and the pause in the lesser compound sentence is a pause.

(8) This economic cooperation zone has a large amount of scientific and technological information, a solid industrial base, a huge market for means of subsistence and means of production, and abundant resources such as animals and plants, minerals, oceans and tourism. (The first, second and fourth pauses are changed to commas respectively)

9. When coordinate phrases are used as attributes, use pause as subjects, predicates, complements, etc. For emphasis, when used as adverbial, coordinate preposition object phrases need not pause, but use commas.

(9) His accurate, fresh and vivid language made the fans seem to be sitting in the stadium and witnessed the game with their own eyes. (The first two commas are changed to pause respectively)

(10) Give play to the "capable person effect" and help farmers to renew their ideas, change their minds, enhance their skills, participate in competition and get rich as soon as possible through various channels.

(The four commas are changed into commas respectively, and these five coordinate phrases are used as the predicate of "farmers")

10, the coordinate components have used question marks, exclamation marks, book titles and quotation marks, and the pause is no longer used, and commas are used for longer sentences.

(1 1) The layout of the classroom is simple, and only three slogans are hung on the wall: "Persistence is the most important thing to learn", "If you see any doubt, you will enter" and "All rivers will return to the sea".

[6] semicolon

Misuse of semicolon before 1. abstract.

(1) In the stock exchange, brokers wear red vests, and managers and service personnel wear yellow vests; This is unified all over the world. ("The whole world is like this" is a summary of the last article, and the semicolon is changed to a colon. The reason for misuse is the same as 12, which is unclear. )

2. Use semicolons directly in the sentence instead of commas.

(2) There are three keys to success: one is good health; Second, the style is solid; The third is to endure loneliness. (Use a semicolon when the hierarchy cannot be distinguished by commas alone).

3. When there is a period in the sentence, use a semicolon.

(3) Learning is conscious. Have the spirit of stupid birds flying first, self-pressurization; Hard work is the key to study. We should have perseverance and perseverance ... (semicolon and period are transposed to clarify the hierarchical relationship. )

4. Is the pause between coordinate clauses comma or semicolon-as long as the coordinate relationship of coordinate clauses can be clearly expressed by commas, the pause between clauses is comma. Whenever the coordinate relationship of coordinate clauses cannot be clearly expressed by commas, the pause between clauses is a semicolon.

(4) The secretary of the General Branch of the Communist Youth League finally pointed out that everything that is conducive to the construction of spiritual civilization should be vigorously advocated; Pay attention to improvement where you are not satisfied.

(semicolon changed to comma)

[7] Comma

Misuse of commas between 1. coordinate words.

(1) Our school is ... and has its own teaching building, library, teaching equipment and teachers. ( 1996)

In this sentence, "teaching building", "library", "teaching equipment" and "teaching staff" are all objects of the verb "you", and there is no hierarchy, so there can be a pause between them. )

2. Do not consider the abuse at the content level.

(2) This is a secluded road, and few people walk during the day, which is even more lonely at night. (Use a semicolon before "daytime", because the three clauses of this sentence have two meanings, so there is no hierarchical relationship. Of course, in addition to juxtaposition, the relationship between levels may also be inheritance, turning and causality. )

3. Misuse of the comma at the end of the speaker

(3) Li San asked, "Where are you going?" "Playground!" Wang Er replied that these two words were too heavy, and Li San was a little confused.

(At the end of the quotation, the punctuation mark after "Shuo" (say, say, ask and answer) can only be a period, not a comma. )

4. Misuse of comma before independent citation.

(4) Before leaving for the World Cup in Athens, the leader of the China diving team said: "In the warm-up match before the Olympic Games, we are scheduled to complete three tasks, feel the venue, observe our opponents and know ourselves." (A complete direct reference should start with a colon. )

5. Misuse of comma in front of abstract.

(5) Peach blossoms are in full bloom and red as fire; Pears are as white as snow; Tulips are also in bloom, and yellow and purple complement each other. It is a splendid spring. ("Good school ... spring" is the summary of the first three layers, and the comma in front should be changed into a colon. )

[8] quotation marks

1, quotation marks should not be abused for ordinary words: in general, quotation marks indicate words directly quoted in the text, some specific titles, words with special meanings or objects that need to be discussed emphatically. Besides, you can't abuse quotation marks in ordinary words.

(1) When the sun is completely covered by the moon, compared with the looming "Haier-Popper" comet like a goddess, the covered sun shines with clear mercury, and Venus and Jupiter are also in the sky. Remove the quotation marks, because "Haier-Popper" in the sentence is not the focus of discussion, nor is it a word with special meaning. If the quotation is wrong, it belongs to abuse. )

It is said that Michelangelo virus is based on cannabis virus. ("Happy Chiro" and "Marijuana" are specific names in quotation marks)

2. Don't use indirect reference