The educational work in Shandong anti-Japanese base areas mainly includes the following aspects.
General education work
1August, 938, Jiaodong College was established. 65438+February merged into Jiaodong Anti-Japanese Military and Political Cadre School. At the same time, several primary schools and a middle school were established. 1940, nearly 1000 primary schools were established in the whole province, with 400,000 educated children and more than 3,000 in-service primary school teachers. Several middle schools have been established with 1000 students. 194 1 year later, primary education became more and more standardized, and secondary education further developed. From 65438 to 0944, the policy of education reform was determined in the base areas, and the systems of education counseling group system, central district system, teaching experimental area and education joint meeting were established, which further strengthened the training of teachers. Rectification was carried out among teachers. By vigorously planning education funds, some of them have implemented free education.
primary education
Establish 1 primary school in every village and 1 central primary school in every township to stimulate children's national consciousness, train children's anti-Japanese war skills, enhance children's basic knowledge, improve children's learning ability, develop children's labor habits, stimulate children's enthusiasm for production and cultivate children's service spirit. Since 194 1, primary education in various regions, especially in some central base areas, has made rapid development.
secondary education
1 Special zones must establish 1 middle schools, and public schools can be established if conditions permit. 1 Administrative regions can establish 1 public schools. In addition to general culture, courses such as War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Theory, military training, mass movement and introduction to social sciences are offered, and schools are required to participate in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, production and social service activities. There are 13 middle schools in Jiaodong District. There are generally 1 to 2 middle schools in other areas. It has delivered a large number of urgently needed talents to various departments and industries of the party, government and army, and has become an important supplementary form for training cadres.
Social education work
There are public churches in counties, central cooperatives in districts and townships, and cooperatives in villages. It is required to set up literacy classes, evening classes, cram schools, short-term training courses, libraries and mobile libraries. Every year, the scale of winter school sports is getting bigger and bigger, and later the seasonal winter school has also been changed into a perennial private school. Social education combines cultural education with anti-Japanese war education and political education, and has achieved good results. The province has established 1940, 14 county people's education centers and 12 roving education groups, and people's schools, literacy classes and literacy groups have been established in various places. 1 June 65438+1October1day, Shandong Salvation Federation issued the Notice on Actively Launching the Winter Learning Movement, and the Winter Learning Movement was gradually launched in various anti-Japanese base areas.
1940 12, the implementation plan of wartime national education in Shandong province was introduced, and the education work in Shandong anti-Japanese base areas gradually became standardized. After 194 1 year, especially after 1943, social education was widely carried out, forming a cultural upsurge of national sexology in the base area. After 1944, according to the requirements of education reform, primary school teachers spend more time on adult education. The content of mass education starts from the actual needs and focuses on the combination with war, production and central work. The organizational forms of learning are adult classes for men and women, youth classes, afternoon classes, evening classes, half-day classes, newspaper reading groups, exchange groups, market promotion and so on.
Cadre education work
1in June, 938, in order to cultivate cadres in urgent need in all aspects, the Party Central Committee of the Sulu-Henan-Anhui Border Region decided to establish Shandong Anti-Japanese Military and Political Cadre School, with Sun Taolin as the principal. 1September, 939, Shandong Anti-Japanese Military and Political Cadre School was transformed into the first column camp school of the Eighth Route Army, with Xu as the principal and Zhu Rui as the political commissar. 1October, 1939, 1 1, originally in the first branch of China Anti-Japanese Military and Political University in the southeast of Shanxi, went to run schools behind enemy lines in Shandong. 1940 1, the first branch school arrived in Yimeng mountain area in central Shandong, with Zhou Chunquan as principal and Li Peinan as political commissar. The first column merged with the camp into Kangda Campus. After 194 1 year, especially after 1943, on-the-job cadre education formed a whole system. 1February, 945, Shandong War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression college was established by the provincial wartime management Committee, with Li Yu as the dean.