Alexandria, located at the mouth of the Nile, was one of the centers of cultural trade at that time. There are magnificent museums, libraries and talented people here, and they are known as the "Capital of Wisdom". Archimedes studied and lived here for many years, and became interested in mathematics, mechanics and astronomy. When he was studying astronomy, he invented a planetary instrument driven by water conservancy, and used it to simulate the movement of the sun, planets and the moon and perform an eclipse of the sun and the moon. In order to solve the problem of irrigating land with Nile water, he invented a cylindrical spiral water lifter, which was later called "Archimedes spiral".
In 2 12 BC, the Roman army captured Syracuse, and Archimedes, who was absorbed in studying mathematical problems, was unfortunately killed by outrageous Roman soldiers at the age of 75. Archimedes' body was buried in Sicily, and the tombstone was engraved with a figure of a cylinder engraved with a ball to commemorate his outstanding contribution to geometry.
Archimedes made the most outstanding achievements in mechanics. He systematically and strictly proved the lever law and laid the foundation of statics. Archimedes systematically studied the center of gravity and lever principle of an object on the basis of summarizing the experience of predecessors, put forward a method to accurately determine the center of gravity of an object, and pointed out that supporting it in the center of the object can keep the object in balance. In the process of studying machinery, he discovered the law of lever and used this principle to design and manufacture many machines. He discovered the law of buoyancy in the process of studying floating bodies, which is also known as Archimedes principle.
Extended data
(1) There are many kinds of works handed down by Archimedes, most of which are Greek manuscripts. His works focus on quadrature problems, mainly the area of curved edges and the volume of curved cubes. His style was deeply influenced by Euclid's Elements of Geometry, which was first assumed and then proved by strict logical reasoning. He constantly seeks general principles and applies them to special projects. His works always blend mathematics and physics.
(2) Archimedes made great contributions to the development of mathematics and physics, and exerted an indelible influence on social progress and human development. Even Newton and Einstein drew wisdom and inspiration from him. He is "the ideal embodiment of theoretical genius and experimental genius", and Leonardo da Vinci and Galileo in the Renaissance followed his example.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Archimedes (ancient Greek philosopher, mathematician, physicist)