? Yang Shoujing (1May 27th, 839-19 151October 9th) was born in Lucheng Town, Yidu County (now Yidu City), Hubei Province. His name was Kaike, and his name was Shoujing. In his later years in Suzhou, Huangzhou, Hubei. In the 29th year of Guangxu (1903), Yang Shoujing built a library to look at the sea in Wuchang, moved his books to Wuchang, and went to see the people at sea himself. Outstanding historical geographer, epigraphy philologist, catalogue publisher, calligrapher, coin collector and bibliophile in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.
Yang Shoujing studied hard all his life, read widely, memorized by rote, and was famous for being good at textual research. He is a great scholar who integrates geography, epigraphy, calligraphy, coins, books and inscriptions. Mr. Zhu, the former deputy director of the Hubei Provincial Museum of Literature and History, commented: "People who have been governing history for nearly a hundred years can't do anything well." The geography of Yang Shoujing, the elementary schools in Wang Niansun and Duan Yucai, and Li's arithmetic are called "three musts" in Qing Dynasty. He also compiled and drew Historical Map of Geographical Evolution, Historical Map of Geographical Evolution and Notes on Shuijing. He wrote as many as 83 kinds of works in his life and was praised as "the first beginner in the late Qing Dynasty". His masterpiece Notes on Water Mirror is a monument in the history of Li's research. Yang Shoujing's calligraphy may not be the first among his numerous achievements, but this does not affect his position as "Yu Yifu" in the history of China's calligraphy. In Japan, he is known as the "father of Japanese calligraphy modernization", "father of modern Japanese calligraphy" and "great benefactor of Japanese calligraphy".
Take Yang Shoujing's calligraphy works of "Master Ke Li" and "Taoist Guan Hai" as examples.
? Xiangyang Yang Shoujing Calligraphy Art Research Group? Liu Yang
Only 65,438+0 calligraphy works have been found in the collections of institutions and collectors, as well as in the Yang Shoujing literature that can be collected, each of which was named "Master Ke Li" and "Guan Hai Taoist". Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a case study to dispel doubts.
The creative background of calligraphy works
According to the book "Yang Shoujing Calligraphy" and "Yang Shoujing Memorabilia" published by Hubei People's Publishing House, the Wuchang Uprising of the Revolution of 1911 broke out in August of1919. On the 22nd of the same month, Yang Shoujing's family and disciple Xiong took a boat from Wuchang to Shanghai. Cheng Dongjia took care of Wuchang's book collection and inscription calligraphy and painting, and Li, the ambassador of Japanese Temple West, posted a notice to protect Yang Shoujing's book collection at the door and put a seal on it. After Yang and his party arrived in Shanghai, they stayed at Hongkou Gan's home. Mizuno Mizuno, a native of Futian, came to Shanghai to study calligraphy with Yang Shoujing. Yang Xian felt sincere after his old illness and wrote "Learn from You" for him personally. 10 10/9 Yang Shoujing took his son to Wuchang twice to get clothes and the most important books, but the war in Wuhan was in full swing and they all came back in vain. The whole family only makes a living by selling words by Yang, and most of them are bought by Japanese. 1 1 This month, Yang Shoujing described his trip to Hongkou. Carved into 34 volumes of historical geographical details. The map of 16 countries and Liang, Chen, Northern Qi, Northern Zhou, Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Liao, Jin and Yuan was completed in February.
In the spring of the first year of the Republic of China (19 12), Yang Shoujing sent his children back to Hubei. Fortunately, there was no great damage to his books. Take the manuscript of Water Mirror Notes and transport the collected books to Shanghai. Xiong and his grandchildren also came to Shanghai one after another to revise the Notes on Shui Jing with Yang, which was detailed, especially for fear of making mistakes. That night, they stood by the lamp couch, lying on the bed with their rolls in their arms, revising them repeatedly or staying up all night. It is said that Yang is in Shanghai, and people are constantly looking for books, or holding tablets of ancient books for verification, or begging for postscript, especially in Japan. That year, Yang's Detailed Interpretation of Geography of Past Dynasties was carved.
In two years (19 13), Yang Shoujing was 75 years old. In February, Shen De Zhu Benji's Notes on Water Classics, Yang made a postscript on February 27th, and made a postscript to Notes on Water Classics on the same day.
As can be seen from the above historical data, from Wuchang Uprising to Shanghai, and then to Guichou in the second year of the Republic of China (19 13), Yang Shoujing has been busy sorting out geographical documents and revising Notes on Shuijing. At the same time, he has to deal with an endless stream of book seekers (this is of course his main source of income in Shanghai). According to our knowledge, Yang Shoujing has created a large number of calligraphy works this year. Before and during this year, he also sorted out historical and geographical information and revised his own notes on Shuijing. At this time, he showed respect for Li Daoyuan, a geographer of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and it was not surprising that he signed his own autograph. We just haven't verified the name of Yang Shoujing's library in Shanghai for the time being. Since he built a bookstore next to Tang Xue, the former residence of Su Dongpo in Huangzhou, which is adjacent to Su Yuan, and a bookstore "Guan Hai Hall" in Erwan, Wuchang, he should also build a bookstore in Shanghai and take a name. Because his bookstore in Wuchang is called "Guan Hai Hall", it is easy to understand why he signed his name "Taoist Guan Hai". Why do you want to sign the "master"? Our inference is that the bookstore it built in Shanghai may be "Ke Li X". Maybe he didn't stay in Shanghai for a long time, and then he went to work in Beijing. Few people know the name of the bookstore built in Shanghai, and it is not recorded in historical materials such as chronicles. Fortunately, a rare treasure "Master Ke Li" was left behind, which provided valuable physical evidence for us to study Yang Shoujing's calligraphy and the name of Shanghai Library.
The Origin and Textual Research of Calligraphy Works
Yang Shoujing's calligraphy works, written by himself as a "master", were first seen at the auction of Tokyo Central Auction (Hong Kong) Co., Ltd. on May 28th, 20 17, and later collected by our research group. The work is a vertical shaft, a paper book and the original package is mounted. Size: 140×38cm, year of creation: Guichou (19 13). Summary: I am ugly in spring, but I am an expert.
Seal: Yang Shoujing seal (white), adjacent to the Soviet old man (Zhu)
Interpretation: Baishi is steep all the way, and the night is green and bamboo. Rain or shine, the children will sweep the flowers away in advance until they know that there are mountain people coming.
Appraisal and appreciation of calligraphy works
Our research group appraised Yang Shoujing's calligraphy works with reference to four appraisal methods (seal cutting, ink painting, calligraphy and painting) founded by Yang Shoujing. Judging from the seals, these two stamps are recorded in the book "Calligraphy of Yang Shoujing" collected by Hubei Provincial Museum, and the size difference is not far after comparison. The name seal is marked as 72-76 years old, and the seal of "Neighboring Soviet Old Man" is marked as 73-76 years old, which is consistent with the age of 75 when Yang Shoujing created this calligraphy work. Judging from the use of ink, this painting is dark in color and full of ancient meaning, which should be a century-old work. Compared with Yang's works in the same year, this work has exactly the same style, and the habit of using a pen and small movements also confirm each other. For example, the combination and blank space of the words "Bai, Bi, Tong, Li and Qing", the small gap of the word "Man" in the sentence of "Mountain Man" and the last stroke of "Late, First and Second" are all symbolic brushstrokes of Yang Shoujing. From the material point of view, paper is old paper, and mounting is a typical mounting method in the Republic of China, not in Japan. It can be seen that it was framed in China during the Republic of China and spread to Japan. To sum up, Yang Shoujing's autographed works conform to the characteristics of his mature era, such as simplicity, calmness, elegance and quietness. His pen is full of spirit and "bookish spirit", which is the representative work of Yang Shoujing's calligraphy in his later years.
A friend said that this banner may be one of several screens of the lost group. Sure enough, we later learned that the same collector had another screen titled "Taoist Watching the Sea", and this screen titled "Dear Master" was the opposite screen, so we negotiated the transfer and the opposite screen of the group was finally reunited.
References: Yang Shoujing's Calligraphy Collected in Hubei Museum compiled by Hubei Museum, China's Complete Calligraphy edited by Liu Zhengcheng, Yang Shoujing's Calligraphy Art Research written by Zhao Ping, China Calligraphy Magazine No.2 (275 volumes in total) and Yang Shoujing's Postscript Collection published by Japanese Anxin Bookstore 1987 (I and II).
Cherish every moment.
When I was young, I ran around frequently all the year round. I didn't have time for a few days, and I was seventy in a blink of an eye. I read Tao Huan's words and regretted it. I wrote this book to warn myself and to show it to future generations. Xuan Tong Xinhai May, Yidu Yang Shoujing.
Shu Mei Mizuno (1864— 192 1), named Samui, is from Fukuoka, Japan. Since Xuantong's second year (19 10), he came to China, and after being introduced by Wang Yiting, he first studied Chinese painting in Wu Changshuo, then studied calligraphy in Yang Shoujing, and then became famous by what he learned.
? Yang Shican, the great-grandson of Yang Shoujing research expert Yang Shoujing, wrote in the Three Gorges Evening News: In early September, Japanese Mizuno Shumei came to visit Yang Shoujing, hoping to worship him as a disciple and seek knowledge of epigraphy. There is a poem dedicated to Yang Shoujing, which reads: "I admire the charm as jade, but I have no talent to talk about." . Xiayi, Zhou Ding, Qin Jie, Han tablet, trace back to the source. Introduce wonderful calligraphy and wonderful books in your life. Trying to convey the heart painting to me is a profound and lofty Hain. He also said, "19 1 1 September, I will sail to the Qing Dynasty and learn calligraphy from Mr. Yang in Hubei." My friend said that the Wuhan War in Fang Lie is very dangerous, so I don't care if I try to stop it. When the bank entered Shanghai, it was suddenly heard that Mr. Yang had come here to avoid soldiers. Those who are willing to pay, please accept the industry at the door. Teacher Wang's old saying made me grateful for my eagerness to learn. How grateful I am that I will be with you every day and receive diligent training! Thank you is slang. "
? Yang Shoujing praised his studious spirit, saying that the East Asian Literature Alumni Association in Gaochang Temple had to walk more than ten miles to get to his apartment, walk several miles and take a tram to the square. And said: "gage is a poor man, and his friend Anlechi is still his daily diet." In order to take care of Mizuno Shu Mei, Yang Shoujing arranged for his two grandchildren to learn Japanese and left them at Yang's for lunch. He also asked Yang Shoujing for poetry, and Yang took the friendship of Ganjun and the consideration of the west of the temple as an example to show future generations, saying, "The 70-year-old man is separated from his family and everything is separated. After all, the people of Qin were so happy that they found Wuling West. There are countless rare books, which are cherished and attentive to outsiders. Looking at the smoke in the distance, it is still a ghost. "
10, Yang Shoujing wrote "Learn from You" at the request of Mizuno Shu Mei. Miscellaneous comments on calligraphy of stone tablets of various schools. At the end of the year, Mizuno Shu Mei returned to Japan and Yang Shoujing paid the draft. Its preface says: "19 1 1 August, the incident started in Wuchang, and I fled to Hongkou, Shanghai. I come from Fukuoka and want to get this stone from me. I quit my job because I'm old. I'm sorry. And Yuan Zhi insisted on not returning, insisting on worshipping the door. When Yuan lived in Gaochang Temple, according to his friends in Wentong Academy, he traveled more than 20 miles every day, without any wind and rain, and he was not afraid of trekking. I am sincere, promise, and discuss it. After reading the moon for four months, I will give it to you as a book, and the book will prove it. " Later, I wrote a cloud: "In order to learn from you, I was worried about the moon, so I couldn't sleep." I fell on the bed, and I recorded it with my memory. I'm incoherent, and I have to tidy up occasionally. However, Mizuno's plum thinning plan is already frowning, so I have to pay by draft. Take it to Japan, and when he sees Yu's old age, he knows the shape of Yu's collapse. " 1 1 In June, at the request of Mizuno, he wrote a chronicle of the elderly in the neighboring Soviet Union, briefly describing his life.
After Mizuno returned to China, he translated the book into Japanese and published it, which made him famous in Japanese calligraphy and Taoism. After that, he published the book "Learn Your Words and Notes", and Yang Shoujing's fame was even more envied by the Japanese.