All the military generals of the Han Dynasty were stationed in Britain. They were Fan Kuai, Xia Houying, Peng Yue, Zhou Bo, Han Xin and Cao Can.
Historical event
[1] Qin Shihuang died in Wanqiu, Hu Gao usurped the imperial edict, and Meng Tian and Fu Su committed suicide.
In the winter of the 37th year of Qin Shihuang (2 10 BC), Ying Zheng traveled all over the world and died when he went to the sand dunes. On his deathbed, Qin Shihuang summoned Fu Su to Xianyang to preside over the funeral and inherit the throne. However, CRRC ordered Zhao Gao, Prime Minister Reese and others to conspire with another son of Qin Shihuang, Hu Hai, to tamper with the first emperor's testamentary edict and make Hu Hai the prince, that is, the position of the emperor. At the same time, another book gave Meng Tian and Fu Su the death penalty and "several crimes". Hu Hai's messenger sent a letter to Shang Jun. When Fu Su opened the letter, he knew that he would die, so he was going to commit suicide. General Meng Tian became suspicious and advised Fu Su not to commit suicide. "Please ask again, please ask again and die." However, Fu Su was kind and unwilling to reciprocate, and immediately committed suicide in the Shang Jun army.
[2] Chen Sheng, Daze Township Uprising
In July of the first year of Qin Ershi (209 BC), the court dispatched a large number of soldiers to defend Yuyang (now southwest of Miyun, Beijing), and Chen Sheng was also called up and appointed as the head of the team. He and 900 other poor farmers, escorted by two Qin officials, went to Yuyang day and night. When traveling to osawa Township, Qixian County (now Xisipo Township, Suzhou, Anhui Province), the road was blocked by floods due to continuous heavy rain. Seeing that the deadline to reach Yuyang is coming, everyone is anxious like ants on hot bricks, and I don't know what to do. Because according to Qin Liangfa, any soldier who is called to guard the border and fails to arrive at the designated place on time will be beheaded.
At the critical moment of life and death, Chen Sheng resolutely decided to plan an uprising. That night, Chen Sheng quietly consulted with another chariot captain Guangwu. Guangwu, a native of Yang Xia (now Taikang, Henan), was also born in poverty. Although they have known each other for a short time, they are already friends who talk about everything. Chen Sheng said to Guangwu, "There are still thousands of miles away from Yuyang, so we can't reach Yuyang on schedule. In our present situation, we will die if we go there, and we will die if we escape and get caught. It is better to choose to die for the country and do something bigger than death? " Chen Sheng then analyzed the current situation: "Everyone in the world has been ruled by the Qin Dynasty for a long time, and the common people's exorbitant taxes and levies on the Qin Dynasty have reached an unbearable level. It is said that Hu Hai, the second emperor, was the youngest son of Qin Shihuang. It was his eldest son, Fu Su, who should not have succeeded to the throne. Fu Su was virtuous, but he was killed by II for no reason. There is also a famous soldier named Xiang Yan, who used to be a famous soldier of Chu. He made outstanding achievements in military service, cared for soldiers and won the hearts of the people. Now people don't know whether these two people are alive or dead. Why not call on the whole world to rise up against the tyranny of the Qin Dynasty in their name? " Guangwu admired Chen Sheng's courage, felt that his ideas were in line with the people's hearts at that time, and fully supported Chen Sheng's decision to "subjugate the country" and "seek great things".
Ancient popular religious superstition activities predicted good or bad luck. After some planning, Bobby Chen and Guangwu specially found a fortune teller. Knowing their intentions, the wise men said, "Your career can be successful, and you can make great contributions to the people. But you should ask ghosts and gods about this. " Chen Sheng and Guangwu were very happy after hearing this. From their words, they realized the truth of "scaring the masses by ghosts and gods". So, they wrote "wàng" on the silk handkerchief with vermilion and stuffed it into the belly of the fish caught by fishermen. When the soldiers bought fish to eat, they were surprised to find the "Dan Shu" in the belly of the fish. At the same time, Chen Sheng let lurk in an abandoned temple near the camp, lit a bonfire in the middle of the night, imitated the fox's voice and shouted "Da Chu wàng, Chen (Qiang)" and so on! The sleeping soldier was awakened and very scared. The next day, the soldiers were whispering, and they all pointed the finger at Bobby Chen. In addition, Chen Sheng usually treats his subordinates warmly and kindly, and now he associates the image of Chen Sheng with the revival of Chu, so the prestige of Sheng-bing Chen is higher.
Seeing that the time was basically ripe, Chen Sheng let Guangwu deliberately threaten to escape to anger the generals who escorted them to the border. The two drunken commanders were really angry, scolding and flogging Guangwu, causing dissatisfaction among the soldiers, and they began to coax them. Guangwu rose up and killed Wei Peijian, a famous soldier. Chen Sheng also took advantage of the situation to kill another famous soldier.
Later, Chen Sheng called 900 soldiers together and said loudly, "When it rains, it's all overdue. If they are out of date, they should be cut off. If my brother tells me not to behead, the dead will watch, and the strong men will die, and the princes will be fine! " ("Historical Records? Chen She family) means: Ladies and gentlemen, we are caught in heavy rain here, and we can't get to Yuyang on time. If we miss the deadline, everyone will be beheaded. Even if we are lucky enough not to be beheaded, nine times out of ten we will still die. Besides, if a hero dies, he will achieve great fame when he dies! Will princes have natural noble species? Bobby Chen's forceful words spoke out everyone's heart. The soldiers' resentment and anger towards the Qin Dynasty poured out like a flood that burst its banks and shouted in unison, "We are willing to obey your orders!" " So everyone, under the guidance of Chen Sheng and, according to the plan in advance, exposed their right arms as a symbol, built an altar and vowed to declare an uprising in the name of Fu Su and Xiang Yan, sons of the King of Chu. Chen Sheng established himself as a general and took Guangwu as his surname. He captured osawa Township in one fell swoop, and then quickly captured Qixian County. In this way, the first large-scale peasant uprising war broke out in the history of China.
[3] Xiang Liang established Sun Xin as Chu Huaiwang. In the battle of Qiu Yong, Xiang Yu beheaded Li You.
In June of the second year of Qin Ershi, Xiang Liang adopted Fan Zengzhi's plan and established Chu Huaiwang Sunxin, now Chu Huaiwang. Xiang Liang's name is Wu Xinjun. Since then, Xiang Liang led the insurgents to attack Qin Jun in Dong 'a and Dingtao. Xiang Yu and Liu Bang also led troops to capture Chengyang, slightly reaching Qiu Yong, and fought fiercely with Li You, the commander-in-chief of Qin Sanchuan. Xiang Yu killed Li You and Qin Jun was defeated.
[4] Pei Gong got up.
In 209 BC, a peasant uprising broke out at the end of Qin Dynasty. After Chen Sheng and the rebels captured Chen (now Huaiyang, Henan Province), Chen Sheng established the "Zhang Chu" regime and openly opposed Qin. At this time, Pei county magistrate also wanted to respond and continue to master Pei county regime. Xiao He and Cao Can were the main officials of the county magistrate at that time. They suggested that the county magistrate recall the people in exile in the county, which could increase their strength and prevent future troubles. The magistrate felt justified, so he asked Fan Yan, Liu Bang's best friend, to get Liu Bang back, and Liu Bang took people back. The county magistrate here regretted it again, fearing that Liu Bang would return out of control or be killed by Liu Bang, which was tantamount to inviting wolves into the room. So, he ordered to close the gate, ready to capture Xiao He and Cao Can. When Xiao He and Cao Can heard the news, they quickly fled outside the city. Liu bang shot the letter into the city, encouraged the people in the city to rise up and kill the treacherous county magistrate, and together they defended their hometown. The people are very dissatisfied with the county magistrate who doesn't take care of them at ordinary times. After killing the county magistrate, they opened the gate to welcome Liu Bang and elected him Pei Gong to lead the uprising. Liu Bang listened to public opinion, set up an altar, called himself the son, and led the people to raise the anti-Qin banner. This year was September of the first year of Qin Ershi (209 BC), and Liu Bang was 48 years old. There was also a powerful force in the peasant war at the end of the Qin Dynasty, that is, Ji Xiang, the descendant of the original Chu aristocrat, and his uncle Xiang Liang, took up troops in Wuzhong (now Wu City, Jiangsu Province) and soon reached nearly 10,000 people. After Xiang Liang's death, Xiang Yu decided to follow Liu Bang's westward expedition to Guanzhong.
Liu Bang didn't go well at first, but after several battles, Liu Bang moved westward step by step and broke Qin Jun.
In 206 BC 10, Liu Bang led his troops to the dam not far from Xianyang East (now Xi City East, Shaanxi Province). Seeing that the tide was gone, Zi Ying, the king of Qin, had to surrender to the city and give the imperial seal to Liu Bang. The Qin Dynasty ended and the country was founded for fifteen years.
[5] Liu Bang was based in Guanzhong, and Xiang Yu set up the Hongmen banquet.
Liu Bang proudly entered Xianyang City, calling himself "the King of Guanzhong". Looking at the magnificent palace, Liu Bang is a little nostalgic and ready to stay here and enjoy it [1]. Fan Kuai advised him to pay attention to the world is not flat, don't forget the lesson of Qin. Liu Bang didn't listen at all, and he didn't realize the seriousness of the problem until Sean personally persuaded him. So Liu Bang retreated his troops to Bashang.
After Liu Bang arrived at the dam, he called local celebrities and made three chapters with them: murder, wounding and theft. Other harsh legal systems in the Qin dynasty were abolished, which made him supported by the people.
After defeating Zhang Han and forcing him to surrender, Xiang Yu also led the army straight to Guanzhong. Fan Zeng advised him to take the opportunity to get rid of his opponent Liu Bang, and Xiang Yu ordered to prepare for the next day's attack. At this time, Liu Bang has been unable to compete with the powerful Xiang Yu in strength. He has only100000 troops, but he can't beat Xiang Yu's 400000 soldiers. Finally, Xiang Bo, Xiang Yu's uncle, "saved" Liu Bang: Xiang Bo and Sean, Liu Bang's counselor, were very close. Seeing that Xiang Yu was going to attack, they sneaked into the enemy camp overnight to find Sean and told him to leave quickly to avoid being killed. Sean said he couldn't leave Liu Bang, so he broke the news to Liu Bang. In a flurry, Liu Bang hurriedly asked Sean for advice. Sean sent Liu Bang to see Xiang Bo, indicating that he had no intention of competing with Xiang Yu for the throne.
Liu Bang went to Xiang Bo as planned, showing that he had no ambition to be king, and made an appointment with his children in Xiang Bo. Xiang Bo returned to the barracks that night. He said to Xiang Yu: "Because Pei Gong entered the customs first and cleared the way for us to enter the customs, we can successfully pass the Hangu Pass. Pei Gong is a man of contribution. We should not doubt him and treat him sincerely. " Xiang Yu listened and decided not to attack Liu Bang.
The next day, Liu Bang came to Xiang Yu's barracks, bringing only Fan Kuai, Sean and one hundred elite Qin Bing. Arrived at Xiang Yu's big account and apologized to Xiang Yu who greeted him. Xiang Yu invited Liu Bang in for dinner. Xiang Yu's father, Fan Zeng, has always advocated killing Liu Bang. At the banquet, he repeatedly motioned for Xiang Yu to start, but Xiang Yu hesitated and silently refused. Fan Zengzhao invited Xiangzhuang to dance the sword to the banquet and took the opportunity to kill Liu Bang. Xiang Bo also drew his sword to protect and cover Liu Bang, but without success. This is the origin of the idiom "Xiang Zhuang dances with a sword, which is intended to be Pei Gong". Later, Liu bang left for an excuse and returned to the camp.
After the banquet at the Hongmen Gate, Xiang Yu led the troops westward, making the general king and Liu Bang Hanwang, covering forty-one counties of Ba, Shu and Hanzhong, with its capital in Nanzheng (now Nanzheng, Shaanxi). Xiang Yu himself called himself the overlord of Chu and held the supreme commander of the army. Chu Huaiwang Xiong Xin was honored as a righteous emperor.
[7] Xiang Yu was enfeoffed, and Chu and Han began to struggle.
In October of the first year of Hanwang (206 BC), Liu Bang became king in Guanzhong after the Qin Dynasty was destroyed. In December, Ji Xiang invaded Hangu Pass to destroy Liu Bangjun. Knowing the defeat, Liu Bang went to Hong Men (now northeast of Lintong, Shaanxi) to apologize. Soon, Ji Xiang entered Xianyang, burned Epang Palace and killed the king of Qin. In the spring, Ji Xiang appeared to respect Chu Huaiwang as the righteous emperor, but in fact he was sent to the south of the Yangtze River, becoming the overlord of the place of Chu, with its capital in Pengcheng (now Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province). At the same time, he enfeoffed 18 princes, named Liu Bang as Hanwang, and commanded Bashu and Hanzhong, and deliberately named Zhang Han, Sima Xin and Dong Kun as Wang Yong, Wang Sai and Zhai Wang. Liu bang had to submit to humiliation and accept the title. In April, he led the troops into Hanzhong and burned the plank road (paved road on the cliff), saying that he had no intention of sending troops to paralyze Ji Xiang again. Xiang Yu also returned to the East with a great army. In May and June, Tian Rong, a descendant of Qi nobles, was dissatisfied with the enfeoffment, drove away the King of Qi, killed the King of Jiaodong, and established himself as the King of Qi. Liu Bang took advantage of the chaos to return to Guanzhong, defeated Zhang Han, forced Sima Xin and Dong Kun to land, and tricked Ji Xiang into believing that he was satisfied with Guanzhong and would never move eastward again. Ji Xiang safely attacked Tian Rong, instead of strengthening its defense against the West. In October, Liu Bangdong invaded, worshipped Han Xin as a general, built a plank road, secretly crossed Chencang (now east of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province), and said that the nominal emperor sent someone to contact the governors and publicly denounced Ji Xiang, which opened the prelude to the Chu-Han War.
[6] Xiang Yu Wujiang was thirty years old, and the dispute between Chu and Han ended.
In October of the first year of Hanwang (206 BC), Liu Bang became king in Guanzhong after the Qin Dynasty was destroyed. In December, Ji Xiang invaded Hangu Pass to destroy Liu Bangjun. Knowing the defeat, Liu Bang went to Hong Men (now northeast of Lintong, Shaanxi) to apologize. Soon, Ji Xiang entered Xianyang, burned Epang Palace and killed the king of Qin. In the spring, Ji Xiang appeared to respect Chu Huaiwang as the righteous emperor, but in fact he was sent to the south of the Yangtze River, becoming the overlord of the place of Chu, with its capital in Pengcheng (now Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province). At the same time, he enfeoffed 18 princes, named Liu Bang as Hanwang, and commanded Bashu and Hanzhong, and deliberately named Zhang Han, Sima Xin and Dong Kun as Wang Yong, Wang Sai and Zhai Wang. Liu bang had to submit to humiliation and accept the title. In April, he led the troops into Hanzhong and burned the plank road (paved road on the cliff), saying that he had no intention of sending troops to paralyze Ji Xiang again. Xiang Yu also returned to the East with a great army. In May and June, Tian Rong, a descendant of Qi nobles, was dissatisfied with the enfeoffment, drove away the King of Qi, killed the King of Jiaodong, and established himself as the King of Qi. Liu Bang took advantage of the chaos to return to Guanzhong, defeated Zhang Han, forced Sima Xin and Dong Kun to land, and tricked Ji Xiang into believing that he was satisfied with Guanzhong and would never move eastward again. Ji Xiang safely attacked Tian Rong, instead of strengthening its defense against the West. In October, Liu Bangdong invaded, worshipped Han Xin as a general, built a plank road, secretly crossed Chencang (now east of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province), and said that the nominal emperor sent someone to contact the governors and publicly denounced Ji Xiang, which opened the prelude to the Chu-Han War.
The First Battle of Pengcheng: In April, Liu Bang took advantage of Ji Xiang's presence in Qi to lead 560,000 allied troops to capture Pengcheng. Hearing this, Xiang Yu quickly led 30,000 chosen men to attack and annihilate more than 300,000 allied troops. Liu bang only led dozens of riders to escape, and the anti-Chu alliance collapsed.
Fight for: In May, Liu Bang arrived in Xingyang, repelled Chu's pursuers, stopped breathing, stabilized his position, reorganized the army, and relied on the Guanzhong base area and favorable terrain to fight against Xiang Yu for a long time. In June, Liu Bang sent troops to attack the waste hills and forced Zhang Han to commit suicide, which relieved his worries. Send someone to persuade Ying Bu to oppose Chu and contact Peng Yue to disturb Chu's rear; Han Xin was sent to open up the northern battlefield, attack Wei, destroy the generation, destroy Zhao and kill. In the winter of three years, Xiang Yu launched a counterattack and besieged Xingyang. The situation is very critical. Liu Bang used Chen Ping's double spy to make Xiang Yu doubt Fan Zeng, and forced Fan Zeng to return home in a rage. Liu Bang also sent Ji Xin to pretend that he had surrendered to the Chu army and took the opportunity to escape from Xingyang. Ji Xiang strengthened the siege of Xingyang and occupied the elevation.
In order to reduce the pressure of Chu army on Xingyang, Liu Bang led the army to lure the enemy south through Wuguan, Wan (now Nanyang, Henan Province) and Ye (now south of Yexian County). In order to cooperate with the Han army, Han Xin also led an army to the north bank of the Yellow River to support Xingyang. Peng Yue is attacking Xiapi (now south of Pizhou, Jiangsu). Ji Xiang was forced to lead the army to rescue, and Liu Bang took the opportunity to recover the elevation. In June, Ji Xiang launched a massive attack, withdrew from Xingyang and captured the elevation.
My Farewell My Concubine Liu Bang ordered the Han army to hold on in Gongxian County and stop the Chu army from advancing. At the same time, he ordered Han Xin to form a new army to attack Qi, and sent people to the hinterland of Chu to help Peng Yue attack Luoyang (now south of Shangqiu, Henan) and Waihuang, forcing Xiang Yu to rescue again. In October of four years, Liu regained it again.
After Ji Xiang defeated Peng Yue, he couldn't find the main force of the Han army, and stationed troops in Guangwu (now Xingyang North) to confront Liu Bang. Soon, Han Xin annihilated the Qi-Chu allied forces in the battle of Weishui, completed the strategic detour to the Chu flank, and sent Guan Ying to Pengcheng. Ji Xiang was caught between Scylla and Charybdis, and was in a state of confusion, so he made an alliance with Han and divided the world into Eastern Chu and Western Han Dynasties. In September, Ji Xiang led his troops back to the east.
After the alliance between Chu and Han, Liu Bangben wanted to withdraw. Under the reminder of Sean and Chen Ping, he ordered the full pursuit of ChuJun. In October of five years, the two armies fought in Guling (now northwest of Huaiyang), and Xiang Yu won a small victory. Liu Bang won over Han Xin, Peng Yue and Qing Bu. By commending them, the Chu army suffered heavy losses in the next world war, forcing Ji Xiang to commit suicide in Wujiang (now the county of Anhui Province), and finally ending the four-year Chu-Han War.