One day, agarwood suddenly found that she had "magic power" and could walk through walls. The magic of agarwood attracted Erlang God and the roaring dog.
Liu Yanchang had to tell Aloe all the truth. It turned out that the mother saint violated the dogma and combined with her father, and now she has disappeared. It was his uncle Jiro who destroyed this marriage.
Xiaoyu was possessed by martial arts and was caught by the roaring dog. Aquilaria sinensis and clove get married, but they never forget Xiaoyu.
Laila was very disappointed. She jumped off the cliff and committed suicide ... Aquilaria broke the array set by Niu and his son and saved the Baihua Fairy on Moyunling, but the Queen Mother still refused to let go of the three Notre Dames. Xiaoyu, who loves agarwood deeply, came to the rescue and was stabbed by the heavenly king.
Jiro hid Xiaoyu, helped Xiaoyu maintain her life with her true qi, and turned her into a palm of God. Erlang God subdued the Monkey King with a lotus lantern, turned him into a little monkey, and tricked Aquilaria into giving up the magic weapon.
Broken agarwood went home. He was disheartened and gave up the idea of saving his mother.
Liu Yanchang took aloes to the place where he had studied. Liu Yanchang told his son that nothing is impossible as long as he has perseverance.
Aquilaria woke up and began to practice again. Three years have passed, and agarwood has practiced martial arts again.
Aquilaria sinensis saved the Monkey King and decided to design a lotus lantern to steal Erlang God. In order to compete for lotus lanterns, they played Lingxiao Treasure Hall.
Sean proposed to revise the dogma, otherwise he would never quit. Finally, Guanyin Bodhisattva said: If the agarwood can save the Three Virgin from Huashan, your majesty can forgive the Three Virgin and modify the heavenly principles.
She asked agarwood to find the axe first. Aquilaria sinensis, Eight Princes and others came to Kunlun Mountain and experienced three levels of ice god, power god and death. They finally saw the magic axe ... the story of Aladdin's magic lamp took place in an endless desert, and three people who wandered in the desert due to accidents were walking and looking for life.
The three of them are an American, an American and a Henan native. Continuous walking has seriously consumed their physical strength, and not dropping water for two days has brought their spirit to the brink of collapse.
At this critical juncture, they suddenly found a magic lamp on the small sand dune in front of them, as if they had been reborn, and three people tried to rub it up. Good luck arrival, Aladdin appeared as expected, and he promised three people that each of them could satisfy three wishes.
Americans first said that the first wish is to want a lot of money, Aladdin said, which is easy to realize immediately. The second wish is to have many beautiful women, Aladdin said, which is also easy to handle. Beauty appears around Americans.
The third wish is to send him back to his hometown in America at once.
In the blink of an eye, the American disappeared, and the third wish came true/* * As soon as the American disappeared, he couldn't wait to say, it's my turn. His first wish is to ask for a lot of money. The second wish is to have many beautiful women, and the third wish is to send him back to * *' s home.
Brush.
* * Everyone has left. Finally, it's the turn of Henan people. Henan people slowly expressed their first wish and gave me a bottle of Erguotou.
Drumming. Henan people ate it all at once.
My second wish was to give me a bottle of Erguotou, and the people in Henan drank the second bottle in one breath. This is the last wish. Henan people shook their heads, thought for a long time and said, call them both back to me.
Brush the Americans and * * people came back with a face of surprise. When they understood the wishes of the people in Henan, Aladdin had already left. They were so angry that they knocked the people of Henan down, but the reality was cruel and they had to move on.
Second, stories and legends about "lights", emergency lotus lights
Aquilaria sinensis and her father Liu Yanchang live in a small town. One day, agarwood suddenly found that she had "magic power" and could walk through walls. The magic of agarwood attracted Erlang God and the roaring dog. Liu Yanchang had to tell Aloe all the truth. It turned out that the mother saint violated the dogma and combined with her father, and now she has disappeared. It was his uncle Jiro who destroyed this marriage. Xiaoyu was possessed by martial arts and was caught by the roaring dog. Aquilaria sinensis and clove get married, but they never forget Xiaoyu. Laila was very disappointed. She jumped off the cliff and committed suicide ... Aquilaria broke the array set by Niu and his son and saved the Baihua Fairy on Moyunling, but the Queen Mother still refused to let go of the three Notre Dames. Xiaoyu, who loves agarwood deeply, came to the rescue and was stabbed by the heavenly king. Jiro hid Xiaoyu, helped Xiaoyu maintain her life with her true qi, and turned her into a palm of God. Erlang God subdued the Monkey King with a lotus lantern, turned him into a little monkey, and tricked Aquilaria into giving up the magic weapon.
Broken agarwood went home. He was disheartened and gave up the idea of saving his mother. Liu Yanchang came to the place where he had studied with aloes. Liu Yanchang told his son that nothing is impossible as long as he has perseverance. Aquilaria woke up and began to practice again.
Three years have passed, and agarwood has practiced martial arts again. Aquilaria sinensis saved the Monkey King and decided to design a lotus lantern to steal Erlang God. In order to compete for lotus lanterns, they played Lingxiao Treasure Hall. Sean proposed to revise the dogma, otherwise he would never quit. Finally, Guanyin Bodhisattva said: If the agarwood can save the Three Virgin from Huashan, your majesty can forgive the Three Virgin and modify the heavenly principles. She asked agarwood to find the axe first. Aquilaria sinensis, Eight Princes and others came to Kunlun Mountain and experienced three levels of ice god, power god and death. They finally met the axe. ...
The story of Aladdin's magic lamp
In the endless desert, three people wandering in the desert due to accidents are walking in search of life.
The three of them are an American, an American and a Henan native.
Continuous walking has seriously consumed their physical strength, and not dropping water for two days has brought their spirit to the brink of collapse.
At this critical juncture, they suddenly found a magic lamp on the small sand dune in front of them, as if they had been reborn, and three people tried to rub it up.
Good luck arrival, Aladdin appeared as expected, and he promised three people that each of them could satisfy three wishes.
Americans first said that the first wish is to want a lot of money, Aladdin said, which is easy to realize immediately. The second wish is to have many beautiful women, Aladdin said, which is also easy to handle. Beauty appears around Americans. The third wish is to send him back to his hometown in America at once. . In the blink of an eye, the Americans disappeared and the third wish came true/
As soon as Americans disappeared, people couldn't wait to say, it's my turn. His first wish is to ask for a lot of money. The second wish is to have many beautiful women, and the third wish is to send him back to * *' s home. Brush. . * * Everyone has left.
Finally, it's the turn of Henan people. Henan people slowly expressed their first wish and gave me a bottle of Erguotou. Drumming. Henan people ate it all at once. My second wish was to give me a bottle of Erguotou, and the people in Henan drank the second bottle in one breath. This is the last wish. Henan people shook their heads, thought for a long time and said, call them both back to me. Brush the Americans and * * people came back with a face of surprise.
When they understood the wishes of the people in Henan, Aladdin had already left. They were so angry that they knocked the people of Henan down, but the reality was cruel and they had to move on.
Zhuge Liang invented the sky lantern.
Chinese folk
There are two lights on everyone's shoulders, which can illuminate people's hearts and keep them from getting lost.
People who walk in the dark must never look back. If they turn around, ghosts will blow out the lights on their shoulders.
Finally, people will lose their minds, be bewitched by ghosts and commit suicide!
Legend of lamp
Legend has it that a long time ago, there were many fierce birds and beasts everywhere that hurt people and livestock, so people organized to defeat them. A god bird was trapped and landed on the earth, but was accidentally shot by an unsuspecting hunter. The Emperor of Heaven was very angry when he learned that. He immediately issued a decree, ordering the heavenly soldiers to set fire to the land on the fifteenth day of the first month, burning all the people, livestock and property. The daughter of the Emperor of Heaven is kind-hearted. She couldn't bear to see the innocent suffering of the people, so she risked her life and secretly rushed Xiangyun to the world to tell people the news. When people heard the news, it was like a blow to the head. I'm so scared that I don't know what to do. After a long time, an old man came up with an idea. He said: "On the 14th, 15th and 16th of the first month, every family decorated their houses, set off firecrackers and set off fireworks. In this way, the emperor will think that people have been burned to death. "
Everyone nodded and said yes, and they were ready to go separately. On the night of the fifteenth day of the first month, the emperor looked down and found that for three consecutive nights, the world was red and the noise was deafening. He thought it was the flame of a big fire, and soon. In this way, people saved their lives and property. In order to commemorate this success, every household hangs lanterns and sets off fireworks on the fifteenth day of the first month to commemorate this day.
Lamps lit with olive oil can give off bright light. The lamp is complacent and thinks that its light is much brighter than the sun. A gust of wind blew and the light was blown out at once. Someone lit it again and said to him, "The light is fine. Stop nagging!" " The light of the stars will never go out. "
In other words, people should not be blindly arrogant and complacent because of fame and honor.
3. What's the story of the invention of electric light? As an electrical device that converts electric energy into light energy, the earliest appearance of electric light can be traced back to 1800.
British physicist Hefley? David connected a thin carbon wire to the Volt battery pack to make it emit a weak arc. In I860, the British physicist Wilson? Swan invented the world's first real light bulb with carbon fiber.
1877, American electrical engineer Charles? Francis first invented the electric light in America and popularized it. Since then, American inventor Thomas? Edison improved the vacuum carbon filament electric lamp in 1879; Edison later made electric lamp filaments from carbonized bamboo filaments through repeated experiments. This new electric lamp can last for more than half a year.
1880, Thomas? Edison founded Edison Lighting Company, which was later reorganized into General Electric Company. 19 10, electrical engineer David of GE company? Coolidge invented tungsten lamp, and ge started mass production of tungsten lamp from 19 1 1, which achieved good economic benefits.
The invention of electric light greatly promoted the process of human electrification, made the technology of generators and transformers develop rapidly, and also made kerosene lamps and gas lamps gradually withdraw from the historical stage. 1882 On July 26th, the first electric lamp in China was lit in Shanghai.
Electric lights expand people's activities at night and gain more time to create wealth and enjoy life. With the development of incandescent lamp technology, fluorescent lamp technology has also begun to develop.
1857, German physicist Heinrich? Geissler invented the "geissler tube" which can realize glow discharge. Since then, scientists have developed some simple fluorescent lamps using geissler tubes.
Edison also invented a fluorescent lamp in 1896, but at that time, because his company produced and sold incandescent lamps, it did not pay attention to the development of fluorescent lamp technology. Nicholas? Tesla has also been engaged in the research and development of fluorescent lamps, but it has not been commercialized.
1898, British chemist William? Ramsey and Morris? Travell invented neon lights. 190 1 year, American electrical engineer Cooper? Hewitt invented the mercury vapor lamp, which greatly improved the luminous efficiency of fluorescent lamps.
The first fluorescent lamp used for commercial lighting was neon. As neon lights are loved by more and more people, the commercialization of mercury vapor lamps is gradually put on the agenda.
1934, GE in its technical consultant Arthur? At Compton's suggestion, the commercial research and development of mercury vapor fluorescent lamps began. Since then, General Electric Company has developed a commercial fluorescent lamp and obtained a patent.
However, just as GE was preparing to put fluorescent lamps into production, it encountered a series of patent disputes, because fluorescent lamps have issued some other patents in the past few decades. With the development of patent disputes over burning lamps, more and more electric lamp manufacturers began to pay attention to this new type of electric lamp product.
Mercury vapor fluorescent lamp really attracted the attention of ordinary people at 1939 new york World Expo. Compared with ordinary incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps have the characteristics of high luminous efficiency, soft light and vision protection, so many families begin to replace incandescent lamps with fluorescent lamps. Later, many schools, libraries and shopping malls almost all used fluorescent lamps for lighting.
By 195 1, the output of fluorescent lamps in the United States has surpassed that of incandescent lamps. With the combination of modern lighting technology and "LED" technology, "LED fluorescent lamp" has the characteristics of higher luminous efficiency and more energy saving, and has become the preferred light source for outdoor lighting.
"LED" is a light-emitting diode, which was invented by Gullermo, the inventor of wireless telegraph. Marconi's personal assistant, British electrical engineer Joseph? The LED invented by Rinde in 1907 is mainly used in lighting source, display manufacturing, photoelectric sensing and other fields. LED has the reputation of "green light source" among lighting sources because of its low energy consumption and no mercury vapor and other components that may be harmful to the environment.
At present, energy-saving fluorescent lamps are widely promoted as energy-saving lamps and LED light sources, and can be used as a substitute for ordinary household incandescent lamps. Because it makes the ballast at the back end of the lamp tube, it can easily replace the incandescent lamp with fluorescent lamp.
It is reported that from September 1 day, 2009, the European Union began to ban new sales of 100w incandescent lamps in stores; Ordinary 40w and 25w incandescent lamps will be discontinued on 20 12. The European Union predicts that after all incandescent lamps are replaced by energy-saving lamps, even if the cost of purchasing energy-saving lamps is included, each family can save 25? The electricity bill is 50 euros.
According to the EU's population of nearly 500 million, there are about 654.38+0 billion families; The promotion of energy-saving lamps in the EU will save 2.5 billion to 5 billion euros every year. In order to cope with global warming and other issues, since 2007, WWF has promoted an activity called "Earth Hour" around the world, requiring organizations and individuals participating in this activity to turn off their lights for one hour from 8: 30 to 9: 30 on the last Saturday in March every year.
This activity has attracted more and more attention.
Legends and stories about lamps Aladdin's magic lamp
Once upon a time, people asked me:
"If you had an Aladdin lamp, what would you ask the genie to give you?"
I said:
"I asked for three Aladdin magic lamps first!"
Now, I am not so greedy. When I clean the magic lamp, I have nothing to like, no matter what it is.
Yao, it's interesting to win it back by yourself. That "fun" is not that thing, nor that thing itself.
What's the point? It is the whole process from dream to desire, from desire to struggle, from expectation to expectation.
If you pick out the results from the whole process and send them to you, you won't feel anything to cherish.
Think about it, how many of us will think about that dress, that private car or what the house we live in is.
Where is the big baby? What is interesting is nothing more than getting the previous mixed period.
Maybe you'll say.
"Your life is not bitter, so you don't understand the pain of' no'."
Yes, that's right. However, after you have it, you will feel that it is not so valuable and really not worth living.
Go ahead.
The only thing I will fight for with my life is freedom, and I don't even think it is worth loving.
Material things, fame, things outside, not treasures.
So, instead of pretending to be great, if Aladdin's magic lamp falls from the sky and gives it to me, I just want to get one wish, that is.
That is: "world peace, freedom for all beings."
I won't think of all mankind or the whole world first. I'm just a selfish person. I really can't think of anything.
People want to come up with this desire, not based on the idea of fraternity.
As for what I personally want, it's better to think for myself, or to pursue and fight for myself, and nothing will fall behind.
Please, it's so unpleasant. What you want is no hope. What could be better than that life? I really don't know
Need Aladdin's magic lamp.
As long as there is no war, no one is hungry and no one is not free, that's all. With the above environment, the world
People ask for trouble, seek fame and fortune, and can't blame others.
The story of Aladdin's magic lamp
In the endless desert, three people wandering in the desert due to accidents are walking in search of life.
The three of them are an American, an American and a Henan native.
Continuous walking has seriously consumed their physical strength, and not dropping water for two days has brought their spirit to the brink of collapse.
At this critical juncture, they suddenly found a magic lamp on the small sand dune in front of them, as if they had been reborn, and three people tried to rub it up.
Good luck arrival, Aladdin appeared as expected, and he promised three people that each of them could satisfy three wishes.
Americans first said that the first wish is to want a lot of money, Aladdin said, which is easy to realize immediately. The second wish is to have many beautiful women, Aladdin said, which is also easy to handle. Beauty appears around Americans. The third wish is to send him back to his hometown in America at once. . In the blink of an eye, the Americans disappeared and the third wish came true/
As soon as Americans disappeared, people couldn't wait to say, it's my turn. His first wish is to ask for a lot of money. The second wish is to have many beautiful women, and the third wish is to send him back to * *' s home. Brush. . * * Everyone has left.
Finally, it's the turn of Henan people. Henan people slowly expressed their first wish and gave me a bottle of Erguotou. Drumming. Henan people ate it all at once. My second wish was to give me a bottle of Erguotou, and the people in Henan drank the second bottle in one breath. This is the last wish. Henan people shook their heads, thought for a long time and said, call them both back to me. Brush the Americans and * * people came back with a face of surprise.
When they understood the wishes of the people in Henan, Aladdin had already left. They were so angry that they knocked the people of Henan down, but the reality was cruel and they had to move on.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) The history of lamp What is the origin of the word "lamp" and when did the word "lamp" originate? Before the Warring States period, no objects named after lamps were found.
In Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Shang Dynasty, there were no words such as lights and candles. The "candle" that appeared in people's daily life in the Western Zhou Dynasty should be the earliest record of lighting appliances.
The "candle" in the Western Zhou Dynasty should be a kind of torch made of flammable materials, commonly known as unlit torches? , so you can hug? , used to hold the torches that have been lit, called candles; Piles of fine grass and branches placed on the ground for lighting are called Liao; Candles placed outside the door are called big candles, and those placed inside the door are called palace candles. The earliest existing lamp in China is from the Warring States Period, which was published in The Songs of the South? It is recorded in Evocation that the name stirrup appeared in the Warring States Period.
In the Zhou Dynasty, "stirrup" and "Deng" were universal, "Er Ya? Interpretation: "cajanus cajan is a bean, bamboo bean is a bean, and tile bean is a board." Xu Xuan said, "Don't be a lamp today. No, it's not. Jin Guo Pu Yun: A ritual vessel. ".
The ancients called "stirrup" a lamp, which should be an excuse for the meaning of this word. The development history of lamps and lanterns "fire" is the main tool for human ancestors to resist wild animals, and lamps and lanterns are also developed because of "fire".
According to the earliest records in ancient books. The appearance of lamps and lanterns and the warring states period.
At that time, the structure of lamps was relatively perfect and the shape was beautiful. It can be seen that before it, the invention and evolution of the lamp has been quite a long time, but the process description has been lost. Jade hook moire lanterns Most of the Warring States lanterns are made of metal or clay, and only jade lanterns are peerless.
Jade lanterns are made of sapphire from Hotan, Xinjiang, with brown immersion marks in some areas. The lamp consists of three parts: a plate, a handle and a seat, which are carved with three pieces of jade and glued together.
The upper lamp plate is round and shallow, and the center of the plate is raised with five petals. The handle in the middle is cylindrical, decorated with raised trefoil relief, with waist in the middle and moire under the waist.
The cover of the lamp holder is decorated with five petals of persimmon and hook moire, and the soles of the feet are also decorated with hook moire. The humanoid bronze lamp and spoon was unearthed in Gebu Village, Zhucheng, Shandong Province on 1957. The lamp height is 2 1.3 cm, and the disc diameter is 1 1.5 cm. On the whole, it is a man in a short coat with a lamp in both hands.
This person holds a curved bamboo-shaped vegetable handle in each hand, and the sub-tenon under the vegetable is inserted into the vegetable handle, which can be disassembled at will as needed, and the structure is exquisite. The human foot is a curved panlong plate.
When unearthed, it was equipped with a long-handled copper spoon for oiling. This bronze lamp is ingenious in design and novel in shape. Experts believe that it should be used by the court of Qi State during the Warring States Period.
During the Warring States period, the lamps were mainly bronze, and most of them were aristocratic practical devices. Ceramic lamps are often regarded as pottery beans because they are no different from traditional pottery beans, so they are not classified as lamps.
This kind of lamp is used by the lower class, and the jade lamp is a practical appliance used by the upper class. During the Warring States period, except for a few multi-branch lamps, lamps can be roughly divided into two categories: figurine lamps and imitation household lamps.
Multi-branch lamp (also called tree lamp) is a rare kind of lamp. The most representative is fifteen lamps, which are shaped like a lush tree and support fifteen lamps. The lamps are strewn at random, decorated with Youlong, songbirds and monkeys. The figurine lamp is the most representative of bronze lamps in the Warring States period.
The figurines of these lanterns are men and women, mostly lowly locals. The way to hold the lamp is to stand with open arms and hold the lamp above your head; Some people lie on their backs, their hands stretched out and their lights held in front.
A Terracotta Warriors and Horses arrived in Three Lamps District. There are two kinds of lamp discs: ring groove shape and disc shape. The former has three supports, and the latter is mostly one support.
The imitation of household lamps is basically the evolution of some daily necessities, mainly imitating common utensils such as beans, ding and reeds. Most of them are bean-shaped pottery lamps, but there are also some bronze lamps that imitate Ding and Reed. The lamps cast in the Qin dynasty are also extremely gorgeous.
Goose's foot lamp, shaped like a goose's leg, holds a circular lamp plate with three lamp posts on it, which can light three candles at the same time. Camel lamp is a practical lighting appliance made of bronze, and it is also an exquisite handicraft.
On a rectangular flat-bottomed seat stood a two-humped camel with its head held high and its tail hanging down. A man sat on the camel, his feet behind him, and his hands firmly grasped the lamp post of a round lamp plate. The whole bronze sculpture is beautifully made, and the images of people and camels are mainly curved, with vivid expression as the purpose and no attention to details.
On the whole, the base, camel, figure, lamp post and lamp plate are integrated, and the person on the hunchback is as light as a canopy, and its center of gravity design is extremely scientific and reasonable. The appearance of camel in this sculpture provides valuable information for studying the cultural exchange between Chu and northern minorities.
Six, the origin of the lamp traces back to history, and the lamp is inseparable from the fire.
Where there is fire, there is light. In ancient times, human ancestors used branches to make fires as lamps.
This is the earliest lamp in human history. At that time, torches were the most advanced.
In the Neolithic Age, oil lamps with oil as fuel began to appear. First, the skull of a wild animal is used as a lamp, and mussels or stone troughs are used as lamps. Later, porcelain lamps, copper lamps and iron lamps made of ceramics and metals appeared, and each lamp has a wick, so that it burns fully and has less black smoke.
In order to prevent the oil lamp from smoking, people invented a lamp with a lampshade. Later, people invented candles made of solidified oil, which are very convenient to use and carry.
/kloc-in the 0 ~ (th) century, people improved the oil lamp by heightening the oil pool of the oil lamp and connecting the lamp cap with the oil pool with an oil pipeline. Due to sufficient oil supply, the flame of the lamp is strong and bright.
1745, people made kerosene lamps, and soon gas lamps appeared. /kloc-at the beginning of the 0/9th century, people discovered electricity.
Since then, lamps and electricity have formed an indissoluble bond. A small pit-shaped pottery bowl with a handle at the bottom evolved from beans, which is simple in shape and rough in technology. In the eyes of ordinary people, it is worthless pottery with no artistic value at all.
But in the eyes of Qing Liejun, the owner of "Thousands of Lights", this is a treasure. "This is the' bean' in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and it is the predecessor of the oil lamp."
Celebrate the fierce army while playing, while explaining. In the Stone Age, people learned how to use fire to keep warm, cook food, control animals and light.
According to the unearthed records of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, as early as Shang Dynasty, human beings used turpentine torches for lighting. In the Zhou Dynasty, the extensive use of bronzes and pottery created conditions for the appearance of lamps.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, lamps for lighting began to appear. Beans were tools for lighting at that time and were made according to the shape of the food container-beans at that time. At that time, people used soybean fat as fuel, put soybean fat in a small pottery bowl, put a wick on it and lit a lamp.
From the archaic word "light", we can see that light evolved from beans. Ancient books recorded that lamps originated from beans, and tile beans were named Deng.
Nowadays, many lighting tools in costume TV series are beans. "There should be beans with bronzes, but I haven't seen them yet."
Bronze ware was a status symbol at that time. According to Lao Qing's textual research, the use of bronzes as lighting tools at that time should be the right enjoyed by nobles, and the rough pottery beans were probably used by ordinary people.
Zhi Ding distinguishes bean from lamp bean as a bowl-shaped lighting tool, and lamp is also a bowl-shaped lighting tool, but there is a small sharp cone at the bottom of the bowl, which is called Zhi Ding. This small change has become the dividing line between beans and lights. During the Warring States period, the earliest candles began to appear.
But the candles at that time were different from the candles now, and their shapes were not very regular. How to support it to stand? The wise ancients made a sharp cone at the bottom of the bean, and put an irregular candle on this sharp cone, so that the candle could stand steadily. From bean to lamp, it is not an overnight process, but a gradual process. This disc is probably the prototype of lamps in the Warring States period, and the pointed cone indicates that it was used for lighting at that time.
The appearance of Zhi Ding officially opened the history of lamps, and since then, the history of lamps has changed from beans to lamps. During the Warring States period, lanterns were mostly made of metal or clay, and the jade lantern was the only one, which was a masterpiece.
Jade lanterns are made of sapphire from Hotan, Xinjiang, with brown immersion marks in some areas. The lamp consists of three parts: a plate, a handle and a seat, which are carved with three pieces of jade and glued together.
The upper lamp plate is round and shallow, and the center of the plate is raised with five petals. The handle in the middle is cylindrical, decorated with raised trefoil relief, with waist in the middle and moire under the waist.
The cover of the lamp holder is decorated with five petals of persimmon and hook moire, and the soles of the feet are also decorated with hook moire. Jade hook moire lamp During the Warring States period, the lamps were mainly bronze, mostly aristocratic practical devices.
Ceramic lamps are often regarded as pottery beans because they are no different from traditional pottery beans, so they are not classified as lamps. This kind of lamp is used by the lower class, and the jade lamp is a practical appliance used by the upper class.
Except for a few multi-branch lamps, they can be roughly divided into two categories: statue lamps and imitation household lamps. Multi-branch lamp (also called tree lamp) is a rare kind of lamp. The most representative is fifteen lamps, which are shaped like a lush tree and support fifteen lamps. The lamps are strewn at random, decorated with Youlong, songbirds and monkeys.
The figurine lamp is the most representative of bronze lamps in the Warring States period. The figurines of these lanterns are men and women, mostly lowly locals.
The way to hold the lamp is to stand with open arms and hold the lamp above your head; Some people lie on their backs, their hands stretched out and their lights held in front. A Terracotta Warriors and Horses arrived in Three Lamps District.
There are two kinds of lamp discs: ring groove shape and disc shape. The former has three supports, and the latter is mostly one support. The imitation of household lamps is basically the evolution of some daily necessities, mainly imitating common utensils such as beans, ding and reeds. Most of them are bean-shaped pottery lamps, but there are also some bronze lamps that imitate Ding and Reed.
In ancient China, the lamps cast in Qin Dynasty were also extremely gorgeous. Goose's foot lamp, shaped like a goose's leg, holds a circular lamp plate with three lamp posts on it, which can light three candles at the same time.
In the Han and Wei Dynasties, there were more and more kinds of lamps, including bronze lamps, iron lamps and ceramic lamps. Later, a cage made of gauze or paper was lit with candles, which were called lanterns.
In the History of Song Wudi, there is a record of "hanging Ge lanterns on the wall". Use fine grates as bones and paste them with oil paper.
During the Tang and Song Dynasties, lanterns prevailed, and every Lantern Festival, there were all kinds of unique and colorful activities. Therefore, there are poems such as "A thousand trees bloom in the east wind at night" and "A flaming tree with silver flowers never sleeps in the sky".
As early as 1500 years ago, the Liang Dynasty had lanterns. In Jingchu Chunqiu, it is mentioned that "the lamp is transported by fire", the paper-cut is the wheel, and the candle is hissing, so the car runs fast and the group turns endlessly.
Changxin Palace Lantern is a kind of environmental protection lamp, which represents that the Han Dynasty is a unified dynasty, and all aspects of politics, economy and culture have reached a milestone height. Ceramic technology advanced by leaps and bounds in Han dynasty, and glaze hanging technique appeared in Changxin Palace Lantern.
There are many pottery lanterns in the Han Dynasty, including bean lanterns with simple shapes, women lanterns with high hats, pottery lanterns depicting Huns, and tower lanterns with yellow and green glazes hanging on their outer layers. Colorful pottery lamps are a bit dazzling.
The thought and culture of Han Dynasty were very rich, and the appearance of figure lanterns showed that craftsmen at that time attached great importance to it.