Then, wine culture can be divided into Chinese wine culture and foreign wine culture. Some people say that in ancient times, people could not finish collecting fruits. After the fruits deteriorated and fermented, they occasionally found substances that would make people feel happy, that is, the most primitive wine; Later, with the development of agriculture, the deterioration and fermentation of cereals and foods made of cereals will produce similar substances; Slowly people learned to control fermentation, and wine-making technology came into being. Therefore, people will think that this is the origin of wine.
When we know the origin of wine, we will be surprised to find that all kinds of social etiquette in today's society, that is, daily life, are so deeply dependent on wine.
For example, people of the older generation, or people of every other generation, observe whether they are fathers, grandfathers, uncles, or one or two of them, and they can't live without wine for every meal. Being drunk may be a state, but it may also be people's yearning and expectation for a better life.
Maybe you'll listen to your dad who just got off work. If you are tired today, drink some wine to relieve fatigue. This is also the advantage of wine, because it has the function of paralyzing nerves. Although it will not have a great effect on people's nerves like some drugs, it will not cause too much harm to people's health. If you drink it in moderation, it will also have beneficial effects on people's health. So many people do this in their daily lives.
Besides etiquette, because China is a etiquette country, China can't live without wine since China. Up to now, whether people from all over the world visit or visit relatives and friends at home, we will offer good wine to show our welcome to each other. Then talk about the influence of wine on various traditional settlement days in China. The following is some information I found. People in China have corresponding drinking activities on several major festivals in a year, such as "Dragon Boat Festival". In some places, such as Jiangxi folk, after transplanting rice in spring, people should get together to drink, especially when celebrating the harvest. When the banquet is exhausted, it is often "every family is drunk." The new explanation of festivals is that we should choose some days to get people together to drink, so there are festivals, and there are many festivals, almost every month. The national festivals handed down from generation to generation are: 1, Spring Festival, commonly known as Chinese New Year. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty stipulated that the first day of the first month was New Year's Day; After the Revolution of 1911, the first day of the first month was renamed the Spring Festival. During the Spring Festival, you should drink Tu Su wine and Jiaohua wine (Jiaobai Liquor); It means auspiciousness, corning and longevity. "Tu Su" was originally the name of Cao An. According to legend, there was a man who lived in Tusuan in ancient times. Every year on New Year's Eve, he will give a pack of medicine to his neighbors and let them soak it in water. On New Year's Day, I gave the whole family a drink with well water, so that the whole family would not be infected with the plague for a year. Later generations took the name of this grass temple as the name of the wine. Drinking Tu Su wine began in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica in the Ming Dynasty, there is such a record: "Wine, Chen's" Prescription for Eliminating Tablets "says," This side is also ". After drinking on New Year's Day, everything in bad style has been changed. " The drinking method is also quite particular, from "young to long". "Zanthoxylum bungeanum wine" is a wine soaked with Zanthoxylum bungeanum, and the drinking method is the same as that of Tu Su wine. Liang Zongqi recorded this in the Chronicle of Jingchu, "I used to use pepper wine at the beginning of the year, and the pepper flowers were fragrant, so I picked flowers as tribute. Drinking in the first month, old and young, congratulations to the old and young first. When the old man lost his age, he drank with wine. " In the Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi wrote in the poem "New Year's Day": "The firecrackers are one year old, and the spring breeze sends warmth into Tu Su. Thousands of households always exchange new peaches for old ones. " Geng Xin of the Northern Zhou Dynasty wrote in his poem: "The New Year is a good time to drink evil wine and live longer. White clay comes with the theme word, and a pepper flower comes. " 2. Lantern Festival is also called Lantern Festival and Shangyuan Festival. This festival began in the Tang Dynasty, because it falls on the first15th day of the first month of the lunar calendar, which is the birthday of three officials and emperors. Therefore, in the past, people prayed to the Heavenly Palace and sacrificed five animals, fruits and wine. After the ceremony, the confession was withdrawn and the family got together to drink to celebrate the end of the Spring Festival. Watching lanterns, setting off fireworks and eating Yuanxiao (sweet dumplings) in the evening. The Zhonghe Festival, also known as Spring Festival, is held on the first day of the second month of the lunar calendar to offer sacrifices to the land gods and pray for a bumper harvest. People are used to drinking Zhonghe wine and Yichun wine, saying that it can cure ear diseases, so people also call it "deaf wine". Li in the Song Dynasty wrote in a poem: "Social people are not in the mood today and want a bottle of wine for the deaf. Disturbed Yutang will think about the past and vaguely patrol the third hall. " According to "Guang Ji", it is recorded that "the cottage is used as neutralization wine, and mango seeds are sacrificed to pray for the New Year Valley". According to the book "Integrated Wine Department of Ancient and Modern Books" edited by Chen Menglei in Qing Dynasty, "On the Sino-Japanese Festival, Chinese people make wine, which is called Yichun wine". 4. Tomb-Sweeping Day time is around April 5th in the Gregorian calendar. People generally combine the Cold Food Festival with Tomb-Sweeping Day as one festival, and have the custom of sweeping graves for an outing. The state of Jin began in the Spring and Autumn Period. There is no restriction on drinking on this festival. According to "Youyang Miscellaneous Notes" written by Duan in the Tang Dynasty, Tang Xianzong gave wine to the Prime Minister after a feast at Qingming Palace. Tomb-Sweeping Day drinks for two reasons: First, during the Cold Food Festival, he can't make a fire to eat hot food, but can only eat cold food, and drinking will increase calories; The second is to use alcohol to gently or temporarily anesthetize people's mourning for their loved ones. The ancients wrote many poems about Tomb-Sweeping Day's drinking. Bai Juyi in Tang Dynasty wrote: "Where is the unforgettable wine, Zhumenmei teenager, after the vernal equinox, before the cold food month?" Du Mu wrote in the poem "Qingming Festival": "There are many rains during Qingming Festival, and pedestrians on the road want to break their souls; Excuse me, where is the restaurant? The shepherd boy refers to Xinghua Village. " 5. The Dragon Boat Festival is also called Duanyang Festival, Zhongwu Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Chongwu Festival, Daughter's Day, Tianzhong Festival and Dila Festival. On the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, it was formed around the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. People have the custom of drinking calamus wine and realgar wine to ward off evil spirits and detoxify. At the same time, there is also the custom of drinking toad wine to strengthen yang and prolong life, and drinking locust wine to soothe the nerves and sleep. The most common and widespread drink is calamus wine. According to the literature, there was an example of drinking "Acorus calamus wine" during the reign of Guangqi in the Tang Dynasty (885-888). Yin wrote in a poem in the Tang Dynasty: "Youth Festival is more affectionate, but when you are old, you will know that you will be emotional, which will not help you to follow the customs, but pray for wine." Later, it gradually spread widely among the people. It has been recorded in all previous dynasties, such as the Secret Book of Waitai in the Tang Dynasty, Qianjinfang in the Song Dynasty, Taiping Sheng Huifang, Ren Yuan Banknote in the Yuan Dynasty, Compendium of Materia Medica in the Ming Dynasty, Puji Secret Recipe in the Qing Dynasty and Ren Qing Banknote. The recipe and usage of this wine are all on it. Acorus calamus wine is a traditional seasonal drink in China, and emperors in past dynasties also listed it as a seasonal fragrant mash for imperial meals. In the Ming Dynasty, Liu Ruoyu recorded in the History of the Forbidden City: "At noon on the fifth day, I drank cinnabar, realgar and calamus wine and ate zongzi. In Qing Dynasty, Gu Tieqing also recorded in Jia Qinglu: "Studying realgar powder, peeling cattails and drinking with wine is called realgar wine". Because realgar is poisonous, people no longer use realgar to make wine and drink. The drinking of toad wine and Robinia pseudoacacia flower wine is recorded in The Legacy of Female Red and unofficial history in Nanming written by Sanyu in Nansha in Qing Dynasty. 6. Mid-Autumn Festival, also known as Mid-Autumn Festival and Reunion Festival, falls on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month. In this festival, no matter whether family reunion or close friends get together, people can't do without enjoying the moon and drinking. There are many reflections on drinking in Mid-Autumn Festival in literature and poetry. It is recorded in Shuo Lin that "millet harvested in August can be used as wine". According to "Tianbao Legacy" written by Wang Renyu in the Five Dynasties, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty held a Mid-Autumn Festival banquet in the palace, put out the lights and candles, and "drank" under the moon. Han Yu wrote in his poem: "Tonight is the loveliest moon in a year. Everything else is fate, which is beyond our control. However, if we refuse this wine, can we choose more tomorrows?" ? "In the Qing Dynasty, drinking osmanthus wine was the custom of the Mid-Autumn Festival. According to Pan Rongbi's Jing Di Sui Sheng in Qing Dynasty, in the Mid-Autumn Festival in August, "Poetry" drinks "Osmanthus fragrans East Wine". China has a long history of brewing dew wine with osmanthus. During the Warring States Period 2300 years ago, "Guijiu" was brewed, and "Drinking Guijiu and Pouring Pepper Paste" was recorded in Chu Ci. Guo Xian in Han Dynasty also recorded "Ghost Guy" and "Wine of Huang Gui" in "Dong Ming Ji of Other Countries". In the Tang Dynasty, osmanthus wine was popular, and some literati were also good at brewing. Ye Mengde in Song Dynasty recorded in "Story of the Summer" that "Liu Yuxi believed in the method of mixing sweet-scented osmanthus syrup, was a good messenger, and Xia Yue was beautiful. Whenever wine was used, there was no loss of taste and heavy osmanthus. If the Chu people are Chili syrup, they call it wine. "When the Jin Dynasty' Baihualu Famous Wine' was brewed, Beijing brewed osmanthus wine. "Osmanthus fragrans East Wine" brewed in Qing Dynasty is a traditional seasonal wine in Beijing and a royal wine in the court. In this regard, it is recorded in the literature that "osmanthus fragrans is fragrant in August, and the flowers to be released are carefully selected for brewing, and the altar is sealed for three years before it becomes a good wine. The wine is sweet and mellow, and has the effect of appetizing and refreshing ... "... Even today, there is still the custom of drinking osmanthus aged wine in Mid-Autumn Festival. 7. The Double Ninth Festival, also known as the Double Ninth Festival and the cornucopia Festival, has the custom of climbing high and drinking alcohol on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. It began in the Han Dynasty. Ji Yuan Shi, written by Gao Cheng in the Song Dynasty, records: "Chrysanthemum wine, Xijing Miscellanies" says:' Mrs. Qi and other sons and daughters, and later Duan Ru's wife, said that when she was in the palace, she wore Cornus officinalis on September 9, and ate chrysanthemum wine with bait, and the cloud made people live longer'. Climb the "Continued Harmony" and say:' Han Huanjing travels with Fei Changfang'. He said,' On September 9th, there should be a disaster in your home. You should let your family make silk bags, hold dogwood, climb mountains by cantilever and drink chrysanthemum wine, but the disaster can be eliminated. Li Shizhen, a medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty, said in his book Compendium of Materia Medica that drinking chrysanthemum wine often can "cure the head wind, clear the eyes and ears, eliminate flaccidity, eliminate all diseases", "make people look old", "make people healthy and resist aging". So the ancients used it to brew chrysanthemum wine and eat its roots, stems, leaves and flowers at the same time. In addition to drinking chrysanthemum wine, some people also drink dogwood wine, chrysanthemum wine, Huanghua wine, Coix lacryma-jobi wine, mulberry wine, cinnamon wine and so on. There are different ways to brew chrysanthemum wine in history. Jin Dynasty is "collecting chrysanthemum stems and leaves, mixing rice to make wine, cooking it in September of the following year and using it". In the Ming dynasty, it was "using the same yeast and rice to boil chrysanthemums to make wine." Or add Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Fructus Lycii. " In the Qing Dynasty, medicinal materials were soaked in white wine and then distilled and extracted. Therefore, since the Qing Dynasty, the brewed chrysanthemum wine has been called "chrysanthemum wine". 8. New Year's Eve is commonly known as New Year's Eve. On the night of the last day of the year. People have the custom of celebrating and keeping the New Year. That is, staying up all night on New Year's Eve, reviewing the past and looking forward to the future. Started in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Xu of the Liang Dynasty wrote in the poem "Wife Sitting at Night Watching Old Age": "Don't be sentimental, don't give up drinking. Peaches in wine, bayberry in zongzi. Open the curtains and put them in the account. When the candle burns to ashes, don't worry about the weight of the sideburns because of Guang Xiao's urging. " On New Year's Eve, everyone drinks. In the Tang Dynasty, Bai Juyi wrote in the poem "Stay in the Guest": "There was no wine in the old year, and the homesickness was full of tears." Meng Haoran wrote such a poem: "Continue to draw candles in the morning and have a long banquet after the year". In Song Dynasty, Su Shi wrote in "Three Prefaces to New Year's Eve": "Asking questions at the end of the year is called" feeding the year ",inviting banquets with food and wine is called" farewell year ",and it is called" keeping the year "until New Year's Eve. The drinks on New Year's Eve are "Tu Su wine" and "cellar liquor". This wine was originally drunk on the first day of the first month, but it was later changed to New Year's Eve. In the Song Dynasty, Su Shi wrote in the poem "Except for Japan": "If you drink Tu Su at the end of each year, you won't feel 70 years old next year". Yuan Kai wrote in the poem "Chinese New Year" in Ming Dynasty: "A cup of baijiu is not worth a thousand tears". In the Tang Dynasty, Du Fu wrote in the poem "Du Weizhai Shousui": "When you are old, you become a family, and the pepper plate sings a hundred flowers. "At midnight on New Year's Eve, the whole family will have a dinner party, also called reunion wine, to pay tribute to the elders. This custom continues to this day.
As can be seen from the above data, wine has a great influence on various festivals in China, especially on people's lives in China.