Different types of books and periodicals have different requirements for editing and processing manuscripts. Art, music, science and technology, foreign languages and children's books have different special requirements. In particular, the editing and processing of modern audio-visual products publications have special requirements. However, no matter what kind of manuscript (manuscript), as far as editing and processing are concerned, they all have the same requirements.
First, scientific processing.
This is a high-level processing, focusing on the structure and scientific aspects of the manuscript. The structure and scientificity of the manuscript are related to whether the manuscript can be established and whether it is valuable. Scientifically handle the manuscript to ensure that there are no major mistakes.
Scientific treatment is to make the manuscript more logical in content arrangement, or in the level arrangement of articles, chapters and sections, and in the overall structure.
The scientific nature of the manuscript, books on philosophy, social science and natural science mainly depends on whether the concept, definition and principle are correct; Literature books mainly look at whether the basic political inclination is correct; Whether the important historical facts involved in the manuscript are accurate. Scientific treatment is to find and correct mistakes in this respect.
Scientific treatment, but also to delete the miscellaneous content of the manuscript, not too careful, there are omissions to supplement; Delete and deal with content that violates religious and ethnic policies and involves foreign relations; Delete or deal with the contents involving state secrets; For highly professional manuscripts, it is necessary to conduct professional appraisal, find errors and correct them.
Scientific treatment is directly related to the content of the manuscript, and the responsible editor should consult with the author before revising it, and can't modify it without authorization.
Many senior editors of Shanghai Publishing House show a high level in this respect and are well received by the author. Some young editors who joined the editorial team also showed considerable level in this respect, which made publishing peers and authors sit up and take notice. However, some editors don't work hard enough in this respect, and their processing ability is weak, let alone scientific processing.
Second, word processing.
It is a grammar-centered processing, which belongs to intermediate processing. This is the most time-consuming editing process.
Word processing, different types of manuscripts, have different requirements, but mainly deal with words, sentence ambiguity and improper use of punctuation.
For the manuscript, in principle, it is "literary responsibility." However, due to the author's language level, or the author's clerical error or computer printing error, there are many problems in the text of the manuscript. Editors have the responsibility to correct or correct mistakes in manuscripts.
There are two situations when editing a manuscript: one is that there are no problems in the manuscript, so it is not processed; Another situation is to modify the manuscript at will, some are right and some are wrong, and the modified manuscript will cause the author's dissatisfaction.
The criticism of "no mistakes" in the publishing industry is, to some extent, a criticism that editors do not pay attention to word processing.
More and more publishers begin to pay attention to the word processing of manuscripts. The evaluation of editors' professional titles stipulates the content of Chinese (including ancient Chinese). Check the quality of books regularly. Shanghai Far East Publishing House held a book-catching activity to reward readers who made mistakes in books. Chewing Words, published by Shanghai Culture Publishing House, is dedicated to criticizing and correcting typos in publications. Each publishing house also implements a quality inspection system and conducts self-inspection. Shanghai People's Publishing House will reward those who make mistakes in books for the first time. The Municipal Press and Publication Bureau also organizes experienced old editors and proofreaders to conduct spot checks on all kinds of newly published books, and timely criticize and deal with unqualified books. All these have greatly promoted the editors to do a good job in word processing.
Third, technical treatment.
It is a simple and repetitive processing, which belongs to low-level processing. This is the most basic editing process, trivial and complicated, and it is easy to be omitted. Technical processing is a unique technology of editors, which is often ignored, but it will affect the quality of manuscripts most.
The contents of technical treatment include: unification, verification and labeling.
Unity-mainly the unity of style, that is, the unity of writing format (including the hierarchical serial number and title form of articles, chapters and sections) and the unity of illustrations, tables, formulas, units of measurement, numbers, notes and references. There is also the unity of nouns and codes.
Verification-including quotations, auxiliary words, typos and words in illustrations. Check the classic works and other important quotations in the manuscript to avoid a word or punctuation error. Check names, places, years, figures, dates, historical facts, foreign languages and translations according to the sources of materials, and correct mistakes. Check whether the supplementary text of the manuscript is complete, and if there is any omission, make it up in time. For multi-volume and multi-volume manuscripts such as series, series and compilation, check the inconsistency. Responsible editors often ignore the text of illustrations (including maps, design drawings, photos, etc. ) in the manuscript, but mistakes are most likely to occur here.
Notes-are the requirements of responsible editors for typesetting. In manuscripts, words, fonts and font sizes are often irregular, punctuation marks are irregular, and foreign case and font are confused, so the responsible editor must make comments.
Technical processing, in addition to unification, verification and labeling, also includes layout contraction, page turning and chart processing.