Basic knowledge of translation: Biography of Qian Ge 1. Kneeling: Mr. Qian Gechuan's Translation Skills. Please give me some advice about this book.

Don't say kneel.

Men have gold under their knees and kneel only to heaven and earth and their parents. ———————————— Title: nbsp；; Translation skills nbspnbsp Author: nbsp; Qian Gechuan nbsp；nbspnbsp Publisher: nbsp; The Commercial Press. Nbspnbsp nbsp Category: nbspnbspnbspnbsp Publication date: nbsp1981-02-01nbsp; Nbspnbsp nbsp Print time: nbsp1981-02-01nbsp; Nbspnbsp nbsp writing time: nbsp 2004-04-21nbsp; Nbspnbsp nbsp folio: nbsp. 32nbspnbspnbsp Pages: nbsp674nbsp Page nbsp. Nbsp print: nbsp 18.25nbspnbspnbsp format: nbsp. Nbspnbspnbsp binding: nbsp. ; Hardcover nbspnbspnbsp Try this link yourself: you should be able to find it slowly online.

—————————————————— Appreciation of excerpts from Skills of Translation: Table of Contents nbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbsp. ; An old question. nbspnbspNbsp； Congress becomes the name of everything. Nbspnbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp; Buddhist scripture translation method nbsp；nbspnbsp seven nbsp; Examples of literal translation and free translation nbspnbspnbsp nbsp；; Translation must first reach nbsp. nbspnbspNbsp； First of all, we must understand the original text (excerpt) nbsp；nbspnbsp 12 nbsp; The semantics of these two countries are different. Nbspnbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp; Before starting the translation, nbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbsp. ; An old question. Nbspnbspnbspnbspnbsp There are more than 3,000 languages in the world, which are incomprehensible to each other. If you want to understand them, you must rely on translation. The appearance of language is as old as human beings. Translation problems arise when people from two different languages come into contact with each other. It will inevitably take a long time for human beings to evolve from a single language to a written language. Today, among more than 3,000 different languages in the world, written language is still rare. This is not to say that some ethnic groups formed late, so the written language developed late, but because their knowledge progress is slow and their cultural level is very low.

As we all know, words represent a nation's culture. One can imagine the low level of education of a nation without writing. Confucius said that "words without words are not far away", which means that if you want to spread a person's words and thoughts to distant places or later generations, you must have written records.

There are three oldest scripts in the world: one is cuneiform script of Summala and Babylonia, the other is Egyptian script, and the third is China script. All human characters, although all evolved from books, are not a source.

Therefore, the characters with great differences have been developed. For example, China's characters are phonography, while Western Europe's characters are Pinyin, and there have been great differences in the system. And those related characters, such as Japanese, Korean, Annan, and even ancient Khitan, Nuzhen and Xixia, all adopted China characters, or at least had a lot to do with Chinese characters, but as a result of development, they became another kind of characters. Not to mention foreign countries, even within a country, people are different. In China, China's writing was unified until Li Si in the Qin Dynasty.

Nbspnbspnbsp The words in the same country are not uniform and need to be translated; Foreign languages, even Chinese characters, such as Japanese and Korean, are incomprehensible without translation. Although we can't understand what we say, even if we write it in words, it is very different from ours.

Therefore, saying needs translation, and writing needs translation. No words, just oral, not formal translation, only interpretation); ; Books written in words should be translated into another language, which is a formal translation.

In Singapore, a multi-ethnic country, people of different races abound and speak their own mother tongue; Just as they are from China, they also speak the dialects of Fujian, Guangdong, Chaozhou, Hainan and Sanjiang. If you can't express each other, someone has to interpret it. If he grew up in this complicated environment, he would speak all kinds of languages, such as English, Malay, Chinese and Fujian-Guangdong dialect.

Such people are called generalists in English. He can only translate, not translate.

The explanation is verbal. He doesn't have to read, but translation is hands-on. He must be familiar with the words in the book. So people who are not proficient in Chinese are not allowed to do translation work.

Nbspnbspnbsp because there is no record to interpret, there is no historical material to test. When it is recorded, it has reached the stage of translation. At least it was recorded. At that time, what interpreters conveyed orally was recorded in writing. For example, China worked as a translator, leaving a record of the Zhou Dynasty three thousand years ago.

"The Book of Rites" said: nbspnbspnbsp "Five people, it doesn't make sense, worldly desires. To realize ambition and communicate desire, the East says "send", the South says "image", the West says "Di Wei" and the North says "translate".

Nbspnbspnbsp By the year 150, that is, the dynasty of Emperor Huan at the end of the Han Dynasty, the translated Buddhist scriptures are still circulating today. "Sui Shu" said in Still Life: nbspnbspnbsp "During the reign of Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty, Saman was a peaceful country, and its translation was the easiest to understand."

Nbspnbspnbsp This seems to be the earliest record of the word "translation", which was only called "translation" before the Han Dynasty. Nbspnbspnbsp "Book of Rites" said: "North translation" only uses one word "translation".

Because * * * is mostly with foreign businessmen in the north.

2. How about the revised edition of Translation Basics?

After the publication of this little book, it unexpectedly attracted the attention of some friends in the academic circle, which made me quite excited.

The first is a letter from Mr. Cao Shibang, a colleague of Nanyang University and a young historian. After reading it, he put forward some thoughts, one of which is the most meaningful for those who are interested in translation to refer to or study, so I transcribe it here and attach my own reply for Mr. Boya's examination and approval.

"In the article" Trial Translation of Two Stories "on pages 124 to 125 of the original book, Mr. Wang translated the word" the emperor "in the sentence" I have to ask the emperor for help "as the former king. Later scholars thought it was better to use the word "Lord" for two reasons: (1) The supreme ruler in the Spring and Autumn Period was "King", not "Emperor". As for Qin and Qi calling each other emperors of the East and the West, it happened at the end of the Warring States period, when Qin Shihuang unified the world.

So the' emperor' mentioned here may refer to' God' and' God'. (2) Mr. Wang pointed out that English is a vague language, so I think it seems more flexible to use its fuzziness for translation.

Lord in English can be interpreted as both "God" and "adult", so it is not necessarily "God" or "former king" here. Teacher Cao's suggestion gave me a good example of choosing words and using words in translation. However, when I was writing the translation of the ancient prose, I hesitated between the emperor, the king, the ruler, the duke and the Lord. Finally, I adopted King according to the following two laws: (1) When the emperor died, he was buried.

(See "Da Dai Zhi") (2) The measure of the main temple is Yue. (See Qu Li Xia) It means that a monarch can be called an emperor after he is born as a public king.

If you were an emperor before your death, you will be called the first emperor after your death, just as Zhuge Liang said in the "Model" that "the first emperor didn't start a business for half" and so on. Be selective in translation. Although Mr. Cao has never been engaged in translation, he has this kind of translation spirit, which is admirable.

Because of his opposition, I had the opportunity to tell you my painstaking efforts in translating that word, and set an example for those who translated it without thinking, so as to reduce translation errors. In the same article, Mr. Wang also told me that the word "illness" in the sentence "public illness, seeking medical treatment in Qin" was interpreted as "very ill" Fortunately, I translated it into sudden Felll, which is not far from the meaning. Although the word "serious" was not used, it was later said that Gong Jing was ill, and the severity of his illness could be imagined.

In addition, Mr. Lian, a veteran of Singapore's literary world, also wrote an article "Letter to the seaside" in the newspaper, which is also a book review. Some excerpts are as follows: when it comes to translation, you can say that you are an old hand at turning wheels. In essence, you are a writer and have a certain position among prose writers. You are proficient in English and Japanese, and there is absolutely no problem in analyzing and understanding.

Besides, you have decades of translation experience, and you enjoy it. The more you use it, the more skilled you become. Over the years, you have been taking translation courses in various universities. Practice makes perfect, and your experience is naturally much more than that of people who are proficient in two or three languages.

Therefore, I was confident before reading the big book, and I felt more worthy of the name after reading it. I don't know. The success of any skill depends entirely on accumulated efforts, and the key lies in strong interest and unremitting efforts.

Only if you are very interested in translation can you study and teach translation for decades. Translators are not only native writers, but also foreign language lovers.

Before translating, you must have a deep understanding of the original text. To achieve this goal, dictionaries, dictionaries and reference books on various related issues must be complete. You are very lucky. You have worked in big newspapers, bookstores and universities for decades. The equipment of public libraries can greatly supplement the shortage of personal books.

"If a worker wants to do a good job, he must sharpen his tools first." If a writer or translator tries hard, his work efficiency will be greatly reduced or even impossible without effective tools.

A person is most afraid of thinking too highly of himself, being self-centered and not paying attention to the achievements of others. You are a person who fully understands Sun Tzu's strategy of "know yourself and know yourself, and fight every battle". Therefore, you often study the works of famous translators to see where their strengths and weaknesses are, and then take their essence and delete their impurities in order to establish your own translation methods.

Indeed, everyone has his own method. It is different for an original text to be translated by hundreds of people. Some people don't have a deep understanding of the original text, some people are completely amateurs about the relevant knowledge, and some people have to rush to the chapter, which will inevitably lead to negligence. Some Chinese are poor, and the translated things are more difficult to read than gobbledygook. Such things can often be seen. Learn translation here and make the best use of others' strengths. If you find mistakes in other people's translation, you should be vigilant with a "sad but not happy" attitude to avoid repeating the same mistakes.

In fact, it is not difficult to talk about theory, and the most difficult thing is to draw metaphors. Freshmen are not experienced enough. They either know nothing about the past or the outside world, so they can't give specific examples to illustrate.

The advantage of famous books is that there are many examples, which make people understand at a glance. This simple effort proves that you are really an expert.

In chapter 9, "First of all, you must understand the original text". You deliberately chose 50 words to mean the same word, but Britain and the United States have different meanings. By analogy, it is not difficult for smart readers to understand the same words, but the meaning is so different.

This will remind them to be more careful when reading books and newspapers in the future, especially when writing with a pen. You laid a solid Chinese foundation in your hometown when you were young, and then you stayed in Japan and Britain. After long-term efforts, you have realized the pleasure of free travel among China, Japan and Britain.

Because you have studied hard in Japanese academic circles and are down-to-earth in learning foreign languages, there is absolutely no problem in translation and writing. In the past two or three days, I have carefully studied and thought about your "trial translation of two vertical stories", and only then can I understand that your English writing ability is really great.

You translate an ancient passage of Zuo Zhuan into simple vernacular and then into readable English. This set of real kung fu can't help but make people respect. To be fair, it is difficult to create and translate.

A writer only needs to be proficient in one subject.

3. Introduction to Qian Gechuan

Qian Gechuan briefly introduces Qian Gechuan (1903-1990), formerly known as Muzu, with his pen name of Gechuan and Wei Olive.

Hunan Xiangtan people. A famous essayist, translator and English scholar.

1920 studying in Japan. 65438-0930 Editor of Zhonghua Book Company, co-founded New China magazine, and editor of China English Bimonthly. During this period, he devoted a lot of energy to the translation, compilation and publication of English reading materials.

65438-0936 entered the University of London to study English and American language and literature. 1939 After returning to China, he worked as a professor in Wuhan, Soochow and other universities.

He had contacts with cultural celebrities such as Lu Xun, Mao Dun, Tian Han, Guo Moruo and Yu Dafu, and participated in cultural movements. /kloc-in the spring of 0/947, he went to Taibei to establish the College of Literature of Taiwan Province Provincial University as the dean.

In 1960s, he went to Singapore and worked as a professor in the Chinese Department of Yi 'an College, Singapore University and Nanyang University. 1At the end of 972, at the age of 70, he retired from the podium and moved to new york, USA.

4. What are the basic books for English translation?

Zhuang Yichuan, A Concise Course of English-Chinese Translation, Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2002.

Ye Yinan, Advanced English-Chinese Translation Theory and Practice, Beijing: Tsinghua University Publishing House, 200 1.

Zhang Peiji, Selected Modern Prose of China, Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 1999.

Yang Yuerong, Grammar and Rhetoric of Practical Chinese, Chongqing: Southwest Normal University Press, 1999.

Ye Lang, A Reader of China Culture, Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2008.

Xu Yanan, Foreign Affairs Translation-Interpretation and Translation Skills, World Knowledge Publishing House, 1998.

Guide to the National Entrance Examination for Master of Translation (MTI). Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2008.

Historical Draft of China's Translation Theory, Chen Fukang, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2002;

Tan Zaixi's A Brief History of Western Translation, foreign languages press, China,1997;

Feng Qinghua's Practical Translation Course, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 1997.

GDUFS

Practical Translation Course (Revised Edition), edited by Liu Jichun, Sun Yat-sen University Press, 2007.

Basic Course of English-Chinese Translation, edited by Feng Qinghua and Murray, Higher Education Press, 2008.

Translation Criticism and Appreciation, edited by Li Ming, Wuhan University Press, 2007.

interview

English Interpretation Course, edited by Zhong Wei and Higher Education Press, 2007.

Business English Interpretation, edited by Zhao Junfeng, Higher Education Press, 2003.

English version of Selected Modern Prose of China edited by Zhang Peiji.

Wu Qingzhu

Interpretation basics (English interpretation, translation professional series of textbooks)

1. Literal translation

2. Synonymous idiom borrowing method

3. Free translation method

4. Ellipsis method

5. Superposition method

6. Reduction method

The six translation methods mentioned above are all commonly used.

Good English translation focuses on practice and pronunciation. Practice more, read more, write more, listen more, practice oral pronunciation, understand the meaning of English, and try to write some English essays or essays. English and Chinese are the same. Only by working hard can we achieve something and gain something. Learning translation well requires more efforts. When I first entered Cambridge, I heard someone say that English is the language of the heart, which means that if you want to learn English well, you must first connect with your heart, and more importantly, cultivate your sense of language as an Englishman, so that you can learn English well and translation will be no problem.

The books listed above are all more difficult. I suggest you practice interpreting first, then expand your reading, deepen it step by step and lay a solid foundation. Don't worry, be patient and ask me if you have any questions. There is a bright and sacred airflow here.

This is the motto of our Cambridge school. I hope it can also bless you to learn English translation well.

5. Kong Rong asked Li Xiaowen to translate.

When Kong Rong was four years old, he ate pears with his brothers. Kong Rong always eats small food. An adult asked him why he did it. He replied: "I am young and have a small appetite. I should eat small." Because Kong Rong was so clever and wise, he knew this truth from an early age, and all his clan relatives thought he was a wizard.

Notes on New Words in the World: "When I was four years old, I ate pears with my brothers, and I learned from them. The adults asked him why, and replied,' I am a child, so I should bring the youngest.' The reason is that the clan is unfamiliar. "

Extended data

The moral of Kong Rong Jean Pear:

This story tells people that we should know how to abide by public order and good customs in everything. These are moral common sense that should be known from an early age. The ancients attached great importance to moral common sense. Moral common sense is the basic content of enlightenment education, which is integrated into all aspects of daily life and study.

However, once a teacher told students the story of Kong Rong Jean Pear, and asked them to share their feelings about the story. Most students say that Kong Rong has the virtue of humility and studious heart. Only one student made a surprising remark: if Kong Rong didn't let the pear go, his brothers would beat him. This is his last choice. Perhaps in the eyes of his brothers, this is not humility, but a kind of submission.

6. What are the basic books for English translation?

Zhuang Yichuan, A Concise Course of English-Chinese Translation, Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2002.

Ye Yinan, Advanced English-Chinese Translation Theory and Practice, Beijing: Tsinghua University Publishing House, 200 1. Zhang Peiji, Selected Modern Prose of China, Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 1999.

Yang Yuerong, Grammar and Rhetoric of Practical Chinese, Chongqing: Southwest Normal University Press, 1999. Ye Lang, A Reader of China Culture, Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2008.

Xu Yanan, Foreign Affairs Translation-Interpretation and Translation Skills, World Knowledge Publishing House, 1998, Guide to the National Entrance Examination for Translation Postgraduates, Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2008, Historical Draft of China's Translation Theory, edited by Chen Fukang, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2002; Tan Zaixi's A Brief History of Western Translation, foreign languages press, China,1997; A Practical Translation Course edited by Feng Qinghua, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 1997 A Practical Translation Course edited by Liu Jichun (revised edition), Sun Yat-sen University Press, 2007. Basic Course of English-Chinese Translation, edited by Feng Qinghua and Murray, Higher Education Press, 2008.

Translation Criticism and Appreciation, edited by Li Ming, Wuhan University Press, 2007. Interview with Zhong Wei, Editor-in-Chief of English Interpretation Course published by Higher Education Press in 2007.

Business English Interpretation, edited by Zhao Junfeng, Higher Education Press, 2003, Selected Essays Translated into English by China, and Basics of Light Dance Interpretation (English Interpretation, Translation Series Textbooks) edited by Zhang Peiji, 1. Literal translation II. Synonymous idiom borrowing method III. Free translation method 4. Ellipsis 5. Addition 6. Reduction method The six translation methods mentioned above are quite common. Practice more, read more, write more, listen more, practice oral pronunciation, understand the meaning of English, and try to write some English essays or essays. English and Chinese are the same. Only by working hard can we achieve something and gain something.

Learning translation well requires more efforts. When I first entered Cambridge, I heard someone say that English is the language of the heart, which means that if you want to learn English well, you must first connect with your heart and cultivate your sense of English as an Englishman, so that you can learn English well and translation will be no problem. The books listed above are all more difficult. I suggest you practice interpreting first, then expand your reading, deepen it step by step and lay a solid foundation. Don't worry, be patient and ask me if you have any questions.

This is our motto in Cambridge. I hope it can also bless you to learn English translation well.