Biological pesticides are a kind of pesticides made from microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and viruses.
Is safe and reliable, does not pollute the environment, does not cause public hazards to people and livestock, has easily available raw materials and low production cost. It is a pesticide with broad development prospects in crop pest control at present.
Common biological pesticides in production are as follows:
Bt emulsion: It is a common bacterial biological pesticide. The finished product is beige emulsion, which has good emulsifying performance and wide insecticidal spectrum. Its control effect on more than 20 kinds of LEPIDOPTERA pests on vegetables, tea, fruits, tobacco and other plants is 80~90%. The main control targets are Dendrolimus punctatus, corn borer, cotton bollworm, armyworm, rice leaf roller and tea caterpillar. Bt emulsion is stomach toxic, and pests can produce a special enzyme after eating it. This enzyme can decompose a kind of protein in insects' intestines, so that pests' intestines are perforated, and things in the intestines flow into body cavities, and finally they die of septicemia. The application temperature should be above 65438 05℃, generally 20℃, and the application time should be 2~3 days earlier than the application of chemical pesticides.
Insects and Plutella xylostella: Pieris rapae eats the leaves attached by insects, and the intestinal wall will be perforated quickly, turning into mud and dying. Bacillus can be used to control rice leaf roller, yellow rice borer, flies, mosquitoes, armyworms, Dendrolimus punctatus, termites, rice corn borers and other pests.
Beauveria bassiana: It is a fungal biopesticide, which has special effects on controlling Dendrolimus punctatus and rice pest cicada. After the Beauveria bassiana liquid comes into contact with the pests, it enters the pests through the body wall, and soon germinates hyphae, absorbs the body fluids of the pests, and makes the pests stiff and die.
Jinggangmycin: It has special effect on controlling rice sheath blight. It can inhibit the hyphae of Rhizoctonia solani, and its validity period is as long as 15-20 days. Resistant to rain erosion, safe and non-toxic to people and animals.
Agricultural antibiotics and plant antibiotics. These two pesticides are fungal biological pesticides. Antibiotics used in production include kasugamycin, Qingfengmycin, polyoxin, oxytetracycline, griseofulvin and streptomycin actinomycetes. For example, Nongkang 120 is a new type of agricultural antibiotic, which has a good control effect on powdery mildew of fruits, vegetables, flowers, wheat and tobacco and sheath blight of rice and wheat.
Choosing biological pesticides should be targeted.
Compared with chemical pesticides, the residue of biological pesticides is generally low, which is beneficial to the production of green fruits, especially AA-grade green fruits. There are many kinds of bio-pesticides, each with its own characteristics, so the selection should be targeted.
1, rotenone, also known as Shilubao. It mainly has contact toxicity and stomach toxicity, and also has certain repellent effect. Safe for natural enemies and wide insecticidal spectrum. It has good control effect on LEPIDOPTERA, Hemiptera, COLEOPTERA and other fruit tree pests. To control aphids, 2.5% rotenone EC can be sprayed 400 ~ 600 times.
2. Avermectin is also known as Avermectin, Aifuding, Youjichu, Nongjiale, Avermectin, Avermectin, Avermectin, Long Weikang, etc. It is a brand-new antibiotic biological acaricide, which has contact and stomach toxicity to mites and pests and has a wide insecticidal spectrum. It can be used to control pear psylla, apple spider mite and peach moth. For the control of fruit tree spider mite, 4500 ~ 5000 times of 1.8% avermectin EC can be sprayed.
3, tebufenozide, also known as mites. After feeding, the larvae molt when they shouldn't, and the larvae starve to death because of incomplete dehydration. It is used for preventing and controlling pear moth, apple leaf roller moth, grape leaf roller moth, Dendrolimus punctatus, American white moth, etc.
4. Uda Oasis 1 is a virus insecticide. The virus directly acts on the fat cells and midgut nucleus of insect larvae, and replicates rapidly, resulting in the death of larvae. It can be used to control lepidopteran pests such as fruit trees and pear fruit borers. For example, the best medicine should be used in the peak period of eggs to control borers such as pear moth.
5. Nicotine is a mixture of nicotine, Stemona and azadirachtin, which has strong contact toxicity and stomach toxicity, and can be used to control many pests such as Lepidoptera, Diptera, Homoptera and Hemiptera. Such as aphids, red spiders and scale insects. Generally, 1. 1% Tabasco EC is mixed with 1000 times liquid, once every 7 ~ 10 day, and sprayed continuously for 2 ~ 3 times.
6. Saponin nicotine is a plant-derived broad-spectrum insecticide prepared from saponin and nicotine, which is resistant to rain erosion. Can be used for controlling citrus red spider, scale insects and the like. For controlling scale insects, spray 27% saponin nicotine 300 times solution every 5-7 days for 2-3 times in the initial incubation period.
7. Chitin, a series of products, will form a film on the surface of plants after spraying to prevent the invasion of germs. Generally, from flowering to fruiting, 2%-600-800 times of concentrated solution is applied and sprayed; The application of polylol in the fruit-bearing period can protect the fruit from pathogens and increase the sugar content. Generally, 600-fold solution of 1.5% water-soluble sugar is sprayed every 6-7 days and continuously for 2-4 times; Black Star 2 1 has the functions of inducing resistance, inhibiting pathogen infection and improving fruit quality, and can be used to control fruit scab. Generally, it is sprayed with 2% black star 2 1 water solution for 400 ~ 600 times.
8. The sterilization mechanism of Amisi is to inhibit the mitochondrial respiration of bacterial cells, destroy the energy synthesis of bacteria and lead to death. Can be used for preventing and treating pear scab, black spot, ring rot, peach brown rot, walnut scab, grape downy mildew, powdery mildew, tobacco smut and the like. To control pear scab, 25% Amisi 500 ~ 800 times solution is generally sprayed.
9. Duoyangqing is also known as Baolian, Duoke, Cycloserine, Houmycin, Polymycin, Keshengmycin, Xingnong 606, etc. It is a broad-spectrum nucleoside agricultural antibiotic. Can be used for preventing and treating pear black spot, ring rot, grape black pox, gray mold, powdery mildew, apple mottle defoliation, mold heart disease, ring rot, strawberry gray mold, powdery mildew, etc. For the prevention and control of grape black pox, use 600 ~ 900 times of 3% peroxide solution every 7 days and spray 1 2 times.
10, Kejunkang is also known as Zhongshengmycin. It has high activity against bacterial diseases and some fungal diseases of crops. Can be used for preventing and treating grape anthracnose, black pox, apple ring rot, anthracnose, Alternaria leaf spot, mold heart disease and the like. For the prevention and control of grape anthracnose, 3% Kejunkang 1000- 1200 times solution can be sprayed at the initial stage of the disease, * * * 3 ~ 4 times.
1 1, and root rot is also called root rot 1 10. It can be used to prevent and control root rot of fruit trees, activate and strengthen roots and promote root development. 800-fold solution of 2.5% root mixture was used in transplanting period, 500-600-fold solution was used in plant growth period, and 200-300 ml of root irrigation was used for each plant.
China's Seven Demands "Call" Bio-economic Development
Xinhuanet Beijing September 14 The research organized by the Ministry of Science and Technology and released a few days ago shows that in recent years, life science and biotechnology have continuously made major breakthroughs and are becoming an important driving force for the new scientific and technological revolution. For China, bio-economy will play an important and irreplaceable role in improving people's health, ensuring food security, relieving energy pressure, improving ecological environment and ensuring national security.
Specifically, there are seven urgent needs for China to further develop bio-economy:
-To solve the "three rural issues" and ensure the future food security, we must rely on biotechnology. To ensure the food security of/kloc-0.6 billion people, it is necessary to increase the grain yield by 50% ~ 60%, and the most effective way is to cultivate new varieties of super-high-yield crops by using transgenic technology and molecular breeding. To improve the added value of agricultural products and develop efficient agriculture, we need a breakthrough in biotechnology.
-At present, there are 840,000 HIV-infected people in China; There are 4.5 million active pulmonary tuberculosis patients, ranking second in the world; Hepatitis B virus carriers exceeded 65.438+0.2 billion people; There are more than 20 million people with diabetes; There are 800,000 schistosomiasis patients. Biotechnology plays an irreplaceable role in the treatment of the above diseases.
The annual output value of biotechnology products in China's industrial field has reached more than 450 billion yuan, but the problems of backward technology, low industrial efficiency, high consumption of raw materials and serious pollution are very prominent. In order to enhance the international competitiveness of related industries, it is necessary to rely on modern biotechnology to carry out comprehensive technological transformation of traditional industries.
-The ecological environment in China is becoming increasingly severe, and it will face unprecedented challenges in the next 20 years. Whether it is saving water, controlling water pollution, improving air quality, curbing land desertification and treating solid waste, it needs the support of biotechnology.
-The energy problem has become a major constraint on the development of China, so it is necessary to develop new energy and renewable energy, and biomass energy is the most important alternative energy. Developing and utilizing renewable biomass energy, partially replacing gasoline with fuel alcohol and biodiesel, and partially replacing coal and natural gas with biogas will provide strong support for alleviating energy pressure.
There are dozens of biological warfare agents and hundreds of dangerous creatures all over the world. The US government has invested $7 billion in anti-bioterrorism research. China's ability to defend against bioterrorism needs to be strengthened. In addition, with the increase of foreign trade and personnel exchanges, the invasion of exotic organisms and epidemics has seriously threatened China's economic and social development and national security.
-China is rich in biological resources. It is undoubtedly necessary to take biotechnology as a guide to transform resource advantage into competitive advantage, develop biological resources and cultivate emerging industries. (Reporter Zou)
interconnection
China has five advantages in developing bio-economy.
Xinhuanet Beijing, September 14 th After the information industry, the biological industry is likely to become the growth point of the future economy. Relevant research organized by the Ministry of Science and Technology shows that China has five obvious advantages in developing bio-economy.
The advantages of these five aspects are:
-the political advantage of concentrating on doing great things. China's socialist market economic system is not only conducive to concentrating on major issues,
We should also give full play to the role of the market mechanism. The success of "Shenzhou 5" and others illustrates this point.
-Unique advantages of biological resources. China is one of the countries with the richest biological resources, with 260,000 species of organisms and 320,000 agricultural germplasm resources. 65,438+0,000 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines are precious natural medicine resources; It is rich in human genetic resources and has collected more than 3000 family samples so far.
-Talents have begun to take shape, and biotechnology is the field with the smallest gap between China and foreign countries. China is in a leading position in the world in the research and application of two-line hybrid rice, insect-resistant cotton, "test tube" cattle, human genome and genetically engineered hepatitis B vaccine. There are14 papers written by China people in the field of biotechnology, and China scientists play an important role in the international biotechnology field.
-The biotechnology industry has begun to take shape and developed rapidly. At present, there are about 500 enterprises involved in modern biotechnology in China, with more than 50,000 employees, and nearly 100 new enterprises are added every year. More than 20 biotechnology parks have been established nationwide.
Biotechnology products have a huge potential market. In China, 654.38+0.3 billion people eat, nearly 500 million people eat health food, and about 654.38+0.3 billion people take medicine, and 2 billion mu of cultivated land needs to update crop varieties. This is one of the largest consumer markets of biotechnology products in the world.
Experts said that at present, the biotechnology industry and bio-economy are still in the period of development and investment support, with the characteristics of long investment cycle, large investment volume and high investment risk, and most of the investment in biotechnology is difficult to get a return in the short term. Who will make a breakthrough in biotechnology and bio-economy will depend on the driving force and development trend of various countries and regions. (
Bioeconomy and its characteristics of the times
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Biotechnology industry
Based on the domestic biotechnology industry, report the relevant national industrial policies, and release relevant technology, production, market and product information. "Biotechnology Industry" is printed in standard format 16. Public offering at home and abroad, with each issue priced at 26 yuan and annual pricing at 156 yuan.
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