Tropical rain forest is generally considered as a cool, humid, rainy, high temperature, inconspicuous structure and rich plants outside the layer. The average temperature is 25 ~ 30℃. A song by S.H.E is called "Rainforest", which is included in the album catalogue of Youth Co., Ltd. Environmental Distribution Biological Characteristics Structure Rainforest Ecology Typical Representative Typical Soil and Animals China Rainforest Biological Resources Other Rainforest Books Introduction Catalogue Song Rainforest 1. S.H.E Tropical Rainforest 2. Environmental Distribution of Tropical Rainforest in Eason Chan Biological Characteristics Structure The ecological model of rainforest represents the biological resources of tropical rain forest with typical soil and animals in China. Other Rainforest Books "Rainforest" Contents Introduction Directory Song "Rainforest" 1. "Tropical Rainforest" II. Eason Chan's Rainforest is edited. The environmental tropical rain forest in this section is mainly distributed in the tropical climate zone of 5 ~ 10 degrees north and south latitude of the equator. It is hot and rainy all year round, and there is no obvious seasonal difference in tropical rain forests. The annual average temperature is 25 ~ 30℃, the average temperature in Leng Yue is above 18℃, and the extreme maximum temperature is mostly below 36℃. The annual rainfall usually exceeds 2 000mm, and some even reach 6 000 mm. The annual rainfall is evenly distributed and humid all the year round, and the relative humidity of the air is above 90%. Tropical rain forest is a typical vegetation of tropical rain forest climate and tropical marine climate. Most tropical rainforests are located between 23.5 degrees north latitude and 23.5 degrees south latitude (that is, between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Tropic of Cancer in Africa). In tropical rain forests, there are usually three to five layers of vegetation, and trees as high as 150 feet to 180 feet are covered like tents. The density of lower vegetation depends on the degree to which sunlight penetrates the upper trees. The more sunlight, the greater the density. Tropical rainforests are mainly distributed in the jungle areas of South America, Asia and Africa, such as the Amazon Plain and Xishuangbanna, Yunnan. The monthly average temperature is above 64.5 degrees Fahrenheit (about 18 degrees Celsius), and the annual average precipitation is above 80 inches (1 inch =2.54 centimeters), which exceeds the annual evaporation. /kloc-in the 9th century, German botanist Simbel extensively collected and summarized scientific discoveries and various materials in the tropics, and named the evergreen tall forest vegetation in the humid tropics as tropical rain forest, and made a scientific description and explanation from the ecological point of view at that time. Tropical rain forest has unique appearance and structural characteristics, which is obviously different from other forest types in the world. Tropical rainforests mainly grow in tropical humid lowlands with an annual average temperature above 24℃, or the average temperature in Leng Yue is above 18℃. Edit the distribution of this paragraph. Tropical rainforests are distributed in three tropical regions of the world. The largest area is in the United States. At present, 40,000 square kilometers are still preserved in the Amazon river basin in South America, accounting for about half of the total tropical rain forest area, that is, about 1/6 of the total global broad-leaved forest area. The second largest area is the rainforest in tropical Asia, covering an area of 20,000 square kilometers. The third largest area is the Congo Basin rainforest in tropical Africa, with an area of 1.8 million square kilometers. Are formed in the rainforest climate near the equator. Rainforests along the east coast of Central America and the West Indies, northeast Australia, east coast of Madagascar and southeast Brazil are developed in tropical maritime climate. It is also distributed in Yunnan, Taiwan Province and Hainan. Although the rainforests in tropical America, tropical Asia and tropical Africa are divided into three regions, they all have very similar appearance and structural characteristics. Because of the high temperature and humidity all the year round, the tropical rain forest grows tall and dense, generally more than 30 meters, and the trees from the crown to the understory are divided into multiple levels, which overlap each other. In tropical rain forests, the tallest trees can grow to a height of more than 80 meters, such as Koompassia excelta in Malaysia and Wangtian Tree in Xishuangbanna, which is as high as 70 meters. The species composition of tropical rain forest is extremely rich. Although the tropical rain forest only accounts for 7% of the world's land area, it contains half of the world's total plants. Tropical rain forest has many unique phenomena that other forests do not have. For example, big trees have plate-like roots, which blossom and bear fruit on old stems; There are many small plants attached to the branches of other plants; Some people establish their position by strangling other plants; Some trees hang down many columnar roots from the air and finally become a forest one by one; The leaves of undergrowth plants generally have tips, and some plants have very large leaves; In the forest, large vines are very rich, some of which are hundreds of meters long and shuttle between trees, making it difficult for people to pass. With the in-depth investigation and study of tropical rain forest by scientists, more and more ecological phenomena have been discovered and explained. However, more and more discoveries also prove that there are a lot of biological and natural laws in the tropical rain forest that have not been fully understood. In particular, the extreme richness of tropical rainforest species and the diversity of plant life types cannot be completely explained by Darwin's theory of evolution. Species outside the rainforest account for only half of the total number of species in the world at most. Plant life types are only part of it. For example, temperate forests are not only poor in species and monotonous in lifestyle, but also relatively simple and direct in various ecological relationships and ecological expressions. Some classical or traditional biological laws and concepts come from the study of forests outside the tropics, which is obviously very imperfect. If they are directly applied to explain the tropical rain forest, there are naturally many incredible phenomena. Therefore, scientists predict that through in-depth study of tropical rain forests, the original biological concept may be completely changed. However, it is a pity that when people have not completely solved the mystery of tropical rain forest, it may disappear forever because of human destruction. A.F.W. Schmier once briefly pointed out that tropical rainforests are characterized by "evergreen trees with a height of more than 30 meters, vines with thick stems, woody and herbaceous epiphytes". Tropical rain forest has the richest plant species in the world, 70% of which are woody plants (high-position bud plants). Tropical rain forest usually grows 40 ~ 100 trees per acre (4047 square meters), forming a mixed rain forest with no obvious differentiation of dominant species (great species diversity). However, there is also a single dominant species community, that is, the upper trees are composed of a few tree species, such as the Mora rainforest in the flood plain in northern South America and the borneol rainforest in Southeast Asia. Trees are tall, individual types can reach 40 ~ 60m, trunk is straight as a cylinder, DBH is generally 50 ~ 60cm, and the maximum is 100 ~ 200mm. Trees are usually divided into three layers, the upper layer is mostly discontinuous, which makes the top of the rainforest undulating, and the base of the trunk generally has plate roots. The canopy of the middle and lower trees is closed, which makes the light in the forest weaken sharply, and the phenomenon of stem, flower and fruit often appears on the trunk and old branches. Trees in rainforests generally have medium-sized leathery leaves, and their tips are dripping (that is, tail-shaped protruding tips), lacking synchronous biological rhythms (such as old Ye Gengxin, late flowering, etc.). ). The stems of woody vines are more than 20 centimeters thick and pass through the top trees. For example, the stem of Acorus calamus in Palmae can reach 300 meters long. A large number of epiphytic ferns and flowering plants are important features of the rainforest. They have various ecological types from wet to dry with the local microenvironment of the horizon, especially semi-epiphytic strangled plants. There are fewer real shrubs under the forest. Herbs are rare, most of them are hygrophilic, and some of them belong to saprophytic or parasitic plants. Edit the biological characteristics of this section: the trees are multi-packing, multi-aerial rooted plants or lianas, with obvious systematic stratification, tall trees and rich plant varieties; Due to long-term warm weather and high rainfall, plants can continue to grow, resulting in dense growth of trees and green growth. Edit the height of the structural layer in this section. The main plants and other trees in the exposed layer above 365 and 438+0 m grow independently, relatively dispersed and supported by roots. The canopy of 265,438+0-30 m must face transpiration, grow horizontally, form a continuous layer, and absorb 70% sunlight and 80% rain in the rainforest. The trunk of the young tree layer of 65,438+065,438+0-20 m is relatively young and the crown presents. Relying on a small amount of sunlight in the forest, the shrub layer is 6- 10 m, and the ferns, clustered trees and shrubs are 0-5 m. Small plants such as moss and lichen are almost dark; Intermittence and luxuriance; Only at the edge of the river and woodland will it flourish. This section of rainforest ecological tropical rainforest is a lush forest type. Entering the forest, you seem to have come to a mythical world. Looking up here, I can't see the blue sky, and my head is covered with moss. The impenetrable forest in the tropical rain forest is humid and sultry, and my feet are slippery everywhere. It is not only difficult but also dangerous for people to walk in dim light and places infested with insects and snakes. However, it is a paradise for creatures, both animals and plants, which are incomparable elsewhere on land. In areas where tropical rainforests are distributed, the annual rainfall is very large, usually higher than 1800 mm, and in some places it reaches 3500 mm There is no obvious seasonal change here, and the temperature is generally around 30℃ during the day and 20℃ at night. The topography of the rainforest area is complex and diverse, from the lowland plain scattered with rocky hills to the plateau canyon crisscrossed with streams. A variety of landforms have created a variety of rainforest landscapes. In the forest, quiet pools, swift streams and waterfalls can be seen everywhere; Towering trees, winding vines and lush flowers interweave into a green maze. There are many kinds of plants in tropical rain forest, among which trees have multi-layer structure; The upper trees are more than 30 meters high, mostly typical tropical evergreen trees and deciduous broad-leaved trees. The bark is light, thin and smooth, and there are often plate roots at the base of the tree, and flowers can grow on the old trunk. Woody vines and epiphytes are particularly developed, with some mosses and lichens attached to the leaves, and woody ferns and big-leaved herbs under the forest. The trees in the rainforest are mostly dicotyledonous plants with thick leathery leaves and shallow roots. Roots for nutrition are usually only a few centimeters deep. Rainfall in the rain forest is greatly lost due to evaporation of leaves. The soil and rocks in tropical rain forest are strongly weathered, and its weathering crust can reach 100 m. Although this soil is rich in aluminum, iron oxide, hydroxide and kaolinite, some other minerals will be lost by leaching and erosion. In addition, under the condition of high temperature and high humidity, organic matter decomposes quickly and can be quickly absorbed by hungry roots and fungi. Therefore, the soil here is actually not fertile. The sub-canopy plants in the rainforest are composed of small trees, lianas and epiphytes, such as Orchidaceae, Bromeliaceae and ferns. Some plants are epiphytes, twining around the trunk of parasitic tropical rain forest, while others only use trees as support. The surface of the rainforest is covered with branches and fallen leaves. The ground in the rainforest is not impassable as the legend says. Most of the ground is bare except for the thin humus layer and fallen leaves. In the rainforest, woody vines can be seen everywhere, some as high as twenty or thirty centimeters, and some as long as 300 meters. They climbed from tree to tree along the trunk and branches, climbed from tree to tree top, hung upside down from the tree top, and intertwined like dense nets. Epiphytes, such as algae, mosses, lichens, ferns and orchids, are attached to the trunks and branches of trees, shrubs or vines, just like wearing a thick green coat. Some of them produce all kinds of gorgeous flowers, and some even attach to leaves, forming a wonderful scenery of "trees on trees" and "grass on leaves". Some kinds of tree trunks often grow colorful and diverse plate roots, which extend 2 to 3 meters from the base of the tree trunk and expand radially downward. There are also many developed air roots that hang down from the trunk and continue to thicken after being plunged into the soil, forming many "trunks", which are very spectacular. Some kinds of trees, such as jackfruit and cocoa, can also blossom and bear fruit on the trunk or root neck of old trees, which has become a unique phenomenon of old stem flowering in tropical rain forests. The typical representative of this section is that the tropical evergreen rain forest in the Amazon Plain is not only the widest of its kind in the world, but also the most fully developed and typical. This is because the geographical location and topographical structure of the Amazon plain make the tropical rain forest have modern climatic conditions that are particularly conducive to this type of development. On the other hand, it has a long history of development, and its natural and geographical conditions are relatively stable during its formation. The tropical evergreen rainforest in South America, also known as Hillea community, is extremely rich in plant species and mixed with each other, and rarely forms pure forests, one third of which are endemic to South America. They keep growing, and plants flourish all year round. Trees, shrubs, herbs, vines and epiphytes constitute a multi-level closed jungle. Generally, there are 4 to 5 floors, many of which can reach 1 1 to 12 floors, and the Crown City is uneven. In order to get sunlight, many trees try to grow upward, and their trunks rarely branch, and some can reach 80 to 100 meters. Typical soils and animals The typical soils developed under tropical evergreen rainforest are latosol and red soil with ashing phenomenon. The former is distributed in areas with high terrain, good drainage and little rainy season, while the latter is mainly distributed in areas with abundant precipitation, closed forests and lack of herbaceous vegetation in each season. There are many animals in the rainforest, but they are mainly small arboreal animals. Another feature is that there are many kinds and few individuals. Especially the insects in the rain forest, it is much easier to find a hundred kinds of insects than to find a hundred kinds of the same kind. Scientists believe that many rainforest insects have not been known to us so far. Elephants, hippos and other large animals generally only live on the edge of the rainforest or in slightly open valley areas. The rainforests in China are mainly distributed in southern Taiwan Province Province, Hainan Island, the estuary in southern Yunnan and Xishuangbanna. In addition, there is a tropical rain forest in Medog County, Tibet's tropical rain forest autonomous region, which is the northernmost boundary of the world's tropical rain forest and is located near 29 degrees north latitude. However, the tropical rainforests in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan and Hainan Island are the most typical. The dominant tree species in the tropical rain forest of China are: Moraceae antioxidant grass, Ficus microcarpa, Duckweed and Cinnamomum cassia. Some plants of longan, Lycopodiaceae, Myristicaceae, Oliveceae and Palmaceae, etc. However, because the rain forest in China is located at the northernmost part of the world rain forest, there are few epiphytes in the forest, and the species and individuals of Dipterocarpaceae are not as many as the typical rain forest in Southeast Asia, with a large proportion of lobules. There is a short and concentrated leaf changing period in a year, which shows seasonal variation to some extent, which is due to the high latitude. This section of tropical rain forest is rich in biological resources, but the world tropical rain forest has been destroyed unprecedented. Tropical areas are hot and rainy, with fast decomposition of organic matter and strong material circulation. Once the vegetation is destroyed, it is easy to cause soil erosion and environmental degradation. Therefore, the protection of tropical rain forests is the most concerned issue in the world at present. There are abundant biological resources in the tropical rain forest, such as rubber clover is the most important rubber plant in the world, cocoa and cinchona are very precious economic plants in the tropical rain forest, and the economic value of many species has yet to be developed. After reclamation, tropical crops such as Brazilian rubber, oil palm, coffee and sisal can be planted. However, it should be noted that under the condition of high temperature and rainy weather, organic matter decomposes quickly and has strong material circulation, and most biological populations are K-games. In this way, once the vegetation is destroyed, it is easy to cause soil erosion and environmental degradation, and it is not easy to recover in a short time. Therefore, the protection of tropical rain forest is a major issue of concern all over the world at present, which has a great impact on the global ecological effect. For example, under the best conditions, the total amount of plants in tropical rain forest is 350 ~ 450 tons per hectare, and the total annual output per hectare is 120 ~ 150 tons, but about 75% of organic products were absorbed and consumed by itself in that year. Its plants (mainly wood) account for 40% of land plants's total, and its net output accounts for a quarter of the world's total output. Due to strong weathering and leaching, the soil fertility under the rainforest is not high. Plants can obtain nutrients directly from the litter layer under the forest with the help of fungi, and at the same time supplement the number of fallen leaves at the rate of 4.5 ~ 12.6 grams of dry matter per square meter every day. Therefore, the tropical rain forest relies on the rapid biological cycle of nutrients to maintain its huge biomass and high productivity. The rain forest in China is located at the tropical edge, limited by the tropical monsoon climate, and only distributed in small patches in local humid environments (such as valleys and mountains), showing seasonal characteristics. The dominant species is marked by the species of Dipterocarpaceae, which consists of Moraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Myrtaceae, Sterculiaceae and Palmae. Tropical rain forest is the largest biological gene pool in the world, and it is also a huge activity pool for carbon biological cycle transformation and storage. Its rise and fall is not only a reflection of the changes in the natural environment on the surface, but also directly affects the global environment, especially the living conditions of human beings. Protecting the rainforest has become one of the most urgent ecological problems at present. Besides tropical rain forest, there are sub-tropical rain forests in this section, which are distributed on the windward coast between south latitude 10. There are rainy and dry seasons, and there are seasonal changes in temperature and sunshine. The density and species of trees in subtropical rain forest are slightly less than those in tropical rain forest. Other types of rain forests include monsoon forest, mangrove rain forests and temperate rain forests. Tropical rain forest is an indispensable condition for the survival of human beings and even the whole biological world. If it no longer exists, the earth's environment and climate will undergo major changes, and such changes will undoubtedly be a devastating disaster. Now, the whole world is trying to protect the rainforest. Although the rainforest in our country is small, we can do something to protect it. For example, we speak out to protect the rainforest. For example, we refuse to buy and use products made from rainforest resources. I believe that with everyone's efforts, this beautiful green necklace will shine forever on our earth. Edit this paragraph of book Edit this paragraph of Rainforest Edit this paragraph of content Introduction Author: (Germany) Andre Meltti Niwan, (Germany) Lena Jianger, Gary Scott, translated by Li: Hubei Education Press, 2009-5- 1 format: 16 format: 9787535. After a long period of continuous evolution, the tropical rain forest has formed a good ecological model, where many different kinds of animals and plants live in harmony. Now, scientists have only discovered some phenomena in the tropical rain forest. For example, poison dart frogs use mini ponds in the crown of trees to hatch and raise their offspring. Sliding snakes and flying lizards slide to avoid dangerous ground; Trees provide shelter and protection for ants. Today, although there are still many secrets in the tropical rain forest that have not been discovered, the competition between research and destruction is imminent. Unique animal and plant species that have evolved for millions of years have been destroyed by human beings in just a few decades. In recent years, we have gradually realized the significance of tropical rain forest as "the green lung of the earth" to the climate, and as a huge "pharmacy" and a dynamic whole to human beings. Nowadays, tropical rain forest, as the heritage of human beings, is paid more and more attention and protected. Directory Tropical Rainforest What is a tropical rainforest? How is the tropical rain forest formed? How old is the rainforest? How to classify tropical rainforests? How is the tropical rain forest layered? Which animals live at the "bottom" of the tropical rain forest? Which layer of tropical rain forest has the most species? Why are there so many species in the tropical rain forest? How rich is the rainforest? How do plants in the rainforest compete for sunlight? Why do plants grow on trees? What are the survival tactics of vines? How to distinguish tree species in tropical rain forest? What are the characteristics of the roots of tropical rain forest trees? How do the trees in the tropical rain forest get food? How to calculate the age of trees in tropical rain forest? How to treat the leaves of tropical rain forest? How do flowers in the tropical rain forest attract pollinators? How do plants in the tropical rain forest spread their seeds? How do animals in the tropical rain forest survive? How do animals live in the tropical rain forest? Why do some trees provide nests for ants? Why can frogs in the tropical rain forest live in trees? How do animals disguise themselves in the tropical rain forest? Why are some tropical rain forest animals brightly colored? How do animals in the tropical rain forest attract the opposite sex? What animals live in the tropical rain forest of Madagascar on earth? What animals live in the rainforests of Africa? What animals live in the rainforests of South America? What animals live in the rainforests of Asia? What animals live in the rainforests of Australia? How do humans and aborigines in the tropical rain forest live? How is the tropical rain forest destroyed? Utilization and destruction of tropical rain forest Why do people call tropical rain forest "pharmacy"? Why do people call the tropical rain forest a "biological library"? How do tropical rainforests affect the climate? What is the greenhouse effect? Can the destroyed tropical rain forest be restored to its original appearance? How to make rational use of tropical rain forest? Song Yulin 1. The Rainforest of s.h.e edited by Noun Index is included in the works of the 2002 S.H.E album Limited Youth, which was composed by Jay Chou and arranged by Fang Gang. Because of the beautiful melody, the singing skill is very high. Lyrics: the memory of the cold wind crossing the border is frozen into ice, and all my efforts are not answered. Regret is like endless mountains, pain and all-round arrival, sadness and the oath of invasion. The whereabouts are unknown. I can't find the person I love. Once you hovered over the lonely sky like a vulture, I missed you. Moonlight shook the trees and shuttled through the tropical rain forest. The reason why you left has never been explained. Your lies are like a trap. I finally woke up. Happiness is just a reflection in the water. The moonlight shook the trees. Shadows shuttle through the tropical rain forest. The sad rain keeps flowing all over my body. My unbearable love in the swamp is my helpless sadness. The oath of invasion was not clearly explained. I can't find the person I love. Once you hovered over the lonely sky like a vulture, I missed you. Moonlight shook its shadow and shuttled through the tropical rain forest. The reason why you left never shows that your lies are like traps. I finally woke up to happiness. It's just the reflection in the water shaking the shadow. Shuttling through the rainforest, the sad rain keeps flowing all over my body. My unbearable love in the swamp is my helpless sadness. The reason why you left has never been explained. Your lies are like traps, and I finally woke up. Happiness is just a reflection in the water. Sad rain keeps flowing all over my body, and the love I can't stand in the swamp is my helpless sadness. 2. The rainforest in Eason Chan is included in the album "Easy Riding" released by Eason Chan 200 1. It's obviously not summer, but I feel that the hot breath of summer chat in South America has been turned off. Accompanied by only the smell of smoke. Listen to how mysterious this fan is. I love you. Don't hug. You are too lazy to die. You are like a bulldozer in the living room. The relationship of love is still like a tropical rain forest disappearing 4.8 miles per minute. Is this rhythm still a natural theorem? This silent disaster is inevitable, just like the relative lack of relativity, I am bored, or you are green and Wan Li is so quiet that birds and animals have to flee, while I am wild and of medium height. Your initial intimacy is still disappearing like a tropical rain forest. 4.8 years of passionate love can never control this silent disaster in the future, just like relative lack of relativity, I am sick or you have won a prize record. 2003 Hito Pop Music Award-Top Ten Chinese Songs Award "Tropical Rainforest"