"One Hundred Thousand Why" is the first popular science encyclopedia in China, which is divided into five volumes: physics, chemistry, astronomy, meteorology, agriculture and physical health. The first edition issued more than 5 million copies. Published by China Children Publishing House 196 1 1. It is not a book, but a set of published works. Its content is very extensive, and it introduces all kinds of scientific knowledge by asking and answering questions. The words are short and simple, which is very consistent with the cognitive style and reading characteristics of young readers. It has played an active role in spreading knowledge and popularizing science, and has influenced generations of young people to embark on the road of science.
Why do 100,000 books focus on young friends? Of course, it is necessary to fully reflect teenagers' books. Considering that youth is a period of laying a solid foundation in an all-round way, I hope that the arrangement of each volume will be systematic to help readers initially form or master some basic scientific concepts.
When asking questions, we should start from satisfying the curiosity of young friends. When answering questions, we should start from the characteristics of satisfying the curiosity of young friends. When answering questions, avoid telling straightforward stories, and use all kinds of vivid materials belonging to science and technology itself, such as the history of scientific development, the history of inventions and discoveries, stories of scientists, war cases, medical cases, scientific anecdotes, etc., to explain why.
At the same time, try to reduce the nouns, terms and professional languages that professional workers are used to, and strive to apply simple, vivid and lively spoken English to increase readability and intimacy.
Release background
1956, after the central government issued the call of "marching into science", the editors of Children's Society, one of the only two professional children's publishing houses at that time, were very encouraged and bent on publishing some good children's popular science books, breaking the current situation that there were not too many popular science books at that time. But in 1958, they experienced an unforgettable "Great Leap Forward" like the people of the whole country, because they were unsuccessful in all aspects.
From 65438 to 0959, they set out to write an encyclopedia of natural science to answer all kinds of questions of high school, primary school and junior high school students. After a period of soliciting contributions, they gradually established an editorial idea of breaking through the framework of textbooks and classroom teaching, which set the tone for the future editing work of 100 thousand.
The name "100,000 Why" comes from a pamphlet popular in the Soviet Union. That Chinese book is a popular science book with the title of "100,000 Why". The author is Ilya, a famous Soviet scientific literature writer. This set of popular science books aimed at "breaking the shackles of textbooks" was originally divided into volumes according to physics, chemistry, astronomy and meteorology, but when it was published, it was added with the "Agriculture" volume. Hong Zuye, then editor of the third editorial office of Children's Publishing House, explained, "Because that was the time of the Great Leap Forward".
"This book is always associated with major national events." At the launching ceremony held at the end of 20 1 1, Academician Han Qide pointed out that "1956, after the CPC Central Committee called for' marching into science', the first edition of" One Hundred Thousand Why "was published; 1995, the state put forward the strategy of "rejuvenating the country through science and education", and the new century edition (fifth edition) of "100,000 Why" was published. "
Version history
The first edition: 196 1 published by Children's Publishing House.
The success of a hundred thousand whys lies in the word "set". When planning the first edition of "100,000 Why", we noticed the supporting problems. The first edition is divided into five volumes, including physics, chemistry, astronomy, meteorology, agriculture and physical health, with more than 900 "why". Later, three volumes of mathematics, geology and geography and animals were added. 1962 65438+ 8 volumes published in February. At this time, the first edition of "100,000 Why" received 1.484 questions, 1.05 million words. The first edition * * * printed more than 5.3 million copies.
This series, which was only 32 kais in size at first, caused a sensation as soon as it came out. People's Daily described this best-selling scene as "spreading like wildfire". By the second edition, impartial critics had recruited everyone from all fields-Li Siguang, Zhu Kezhen, China, Mao Yisheng, Qian, Su and so on.
Second edition: 1964 ~ 1965 published by children's publishing house.
The second edition deleted some bad topics in the first edition, enriched the content and further improved the quality. It is divided into 14 volumes and published by disciplines, namely, one volume of mathematics, two volumes of physics, one volume of astronomy, one volume of meteorology, one volume of physical geography, two volumes of animals, two volumes of plants and two volumes of physical health. There are about 150 to 200 "why" in each volume. So the second edition is richer and more systematic than the first edition.
Third edition: 1970 ~ 1976 published by Shanghai People's Publishing House.
1970 In order to adapt to the situation at that time, the revised "100,000 Why" was published by Shanghai People's Publishing House-during the Cultural Revolution, Children's Publishing House was merged into Shanghai People's Publishing House. During the ten-year catastrophe, from 1970 to 1978, the Cultural Revolution edition "One Hundred Thousand Why" was published, with ***2 1 volume, 32 folio, 1- 14 as yellow cover,/kloc-0. The original plan to publish 23 volumes was also cancelled due to later circumstances. Two books (18 and 2 1) were published by Children's Publishing House because it broke off relations with Shanghai People's Publishing House.
The main contents of each volume are as follows: (1) Mathematics; (2) physics; (4) chemistry; (6) chemistry; (7) astronomy; (8) meteorology; (8) geography; (3) animals; (3) plants; (3) medical and health care; (3) sports; (3) military; (3) human history.
The fourth edition: 1980 children's publishing house.
1980, 100,000 whys was revised for the third time and published in the fourth edition. This major revision affirmed the characteristics of the first edition, denied the "Cultural Revolution" edition, and generally maintained the scale and creative characteristics of the second edition, which was still divided into 14 volumes and still maintained an easy-to-understand, vivid and fascinating style. The fourth edition still has 14 volumes, including mathematics 1, physics 2, chemistry 2, animals 2, plants 2, geoscience 1, astronomy 1, meteorology 1 and medicine 2.
From April 1980 to June 198 1 10. This edition not only sorts out the contents influenced by "class struggle" and "line struggle" in the third edition, but also adds many new contents according to the development of science and technology. 10 began to edit the "sequel" of volume10 in early 1990.10 was published once in March 1993 and merged with the previous volume 14. So far, the fourth edition of 100,000 Why has 24 volumes, including Math 2.
New Century Edition (5th Edition): 1999 Published by Children's Publishing House.
1999, after five years of revision, Children's Publishing House published the fifth edition-the new century edition of "100,000 Why". It can be said that in all previous revisions, the fifth edition is the most serious. The fifth edition is reduced from the original 14 to 12, including mathematics, physics, chemistry, animals, plants, human science, earth science, cosmology, environmental science, information science, engineering science and index materials.
The sixth edition: published by 20 13 Children's Publishing House.
On September 27th, 2065438+0/kloc-0, the kick-off meeting of the sixth edition of "One Hundred Thousand Why" sponsored by Shanghai Century Publishing Co., Ltd. was held in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. Starting from 20 13, including 3.6 million words, more than 5,000 pictures, 18+06 full-color graphic "100,000 whys", as well as black and white mass edition and online electronic edition will be published one after another. On August 13, the sixth edition of "100,000 Why" will be published by Children's Publishing House.
The sixth edition of "100,000 Why" is presented with brand-new problems, brand-new systems, brand-new contents, brand-new styles and brand-new technical means in the digital age, and "How Iron Man's armor was tempered" is added. Interesting questions such as "why should melamine be added to milk" and "why should lean meat be fed to pigs". [ 1]
famous
Why did 1998,100000 win the second prize of national scientific and technological progress?
On the eve of the 50th anniversary of the founding of New China, this set of books was selected by thousands of readers in Qian Qian and became one of the "50 books that moved * * * and China".
In 2008, 100,000 Why [5] (New Century Edition) won the first "China Publishing Government Award" book award.
social influence
Although the series "100,000 Why" is aimed at children, young people and even adults like to watch it because of its vivid words and simple content. Especially during the Cultural Revolution, there were few books to read, and the circulation of the third edition of 100,000 Why reached tens of millions. In addition, many "whys" in "100,000 whys" come from daily life, which also makes it very practical. Many people have learned a lot of scientific knowledge, obtained reference materials and even obtained scientific enlightenment from it.
Since the first edition of 196 1 was printed, the circulation of this series has exceeded 1 100 million copies. 1998, this popular science book even won the "second prize of national scientific and technological progress". In this award set up by the State Council, he was the first to get on the podium as a popular science book.
From this, a variety of similar popular science books are derived, such as 100,000 whys for primary school students, 100,000 whys for children, 100,000 whys for new ones, and 100,000 whys for social sciences.